exploring the americas: 1400 - 1625
DESCRIPTION
Exploring the Americas: 1400 - 1625. Early Exploration. Viking Voyages. 100’s of years B4 Columbus Scandinavians called Vikings sailed west reaching NA 800’s and 900’s CE visited Iceland and Greenland Established settlements - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Exploring the Americas:
1400 - 1625Early Exploration
Viking Voyages100’s of years B4
ColumbusScandinavians called
Vikings sailed west reaching NA
800’s and 900’s CE visited Iceland and GreenlandEstablished settlements
1000 CE- Leif Eriksson (son of Eric the Red) attempted to create settlement in “Vinland”Now Newfoundland
Growth of TradeTraders could make a fortune
selling these goodsRich Europeans wanted these
spices, perfumes, silks and stones Cost was high because of
“middlemen” Travel over land was expensive
and dangerous Thieves waited along “Silk Road”
Began to look for all-water route to bypass Arab merchants and thieves by road2 Options
Around Africa Sailing West to get East
Earth is a sphere
Slowly but SurelyNeither had been done B4; no one
even seen open ocean or coastline of Africa
Portugal leads the chargePrince Henry the Navigator
Sets up school for navigators and sailors
Info they share greatly helps his ship captains
Armed w/ info and $$$ from Henry set out to explore Africa and possible water route to Asia 1445- Dinis Dias reaches “Western
Bulge” 1470’s- cross Equator 1488- Bartolommeo Dias sails around
southern tip… turns around b/c crew scared
1498- Vasco da Gama sails around tip all the way to India
Early Ideas of ExplorationBy 1400’s- few believe
world is flatBut…
Did not know there was land b/t Europe and East Asia
Most estimate over 10,000 miles to sail from Europe to East AsiaNo ship could carry
enough food and water to make such long journey
Cristoforo ColomboDisagreed w/ distance
estimates; thought less than half that
Italian guy but…Was turned down by
ItalyApproached several
other countries to find backers for trip ($$$) All turned him down
until… King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella of Spain
Friday, August 3, 1492Niña, Pinta, and Santa
Maria set sailAfter not seeing land for 3
weeks…Crew gets scared and
begs to turn back Continue on for 2 months
and 8 days B4 signs begin to appear
By moonlight around 2 am on October 12th the Pinta’s spotter cries, “Tierra, Tierra!” (Land, Land!)
1st Impressions in AmericasLanded on small island in
Bahamas (believed he was in Indies)He explored for months
but… He found no spices, rugs,
silksClaimed land for Spain
Named it San SalvadorNatives approached them
bearing giftsColumbus gave them bells,
beads, and bits of cloth
Communicating with NativesWith hand gestures,
natives spoke of other islandsColumbus moved on Found many new
plants and animals never B4 seen by them
Reaches Cuba… Always expecting to see
India trading post… DUH!
“Gold in ‘dem dare hills!”Locals told him gold
could be found in Cubanacan middle of Cuba he thought they
said, “El Gran Khan” the Great Khan Columbus tells Spain
there to visit China’s emperor Kublai Khan to get gold
HispaniolaDecember 1492-
They land on present-day Haiti / Dominican Republic
He names Hispaniola (Spanish Isle) Finds natives here have
great amount of gold, but they could not find source
Santa Maria WrecksHits bottom of
coast… is abandonedColumbus orders
crew to stay on island Built fort with timbers
and remnants of shipHe leaves on the
Niña for SpainBelieves
triumphant!!!
March 15th, 1493Columbus returns to
Spain w/ crowds waiting to honor himPeople stared at Natives,
birds, animals, and plants he brought back
Ferdinand and Isabella name him Viceroy, or Lord to the IndiesNo one sure where new
territories were, but Columbus claimed for Spain
Territories DividedPortugal claimed all
land west of Africa was theirs’
Big Problems NOWPope Alexander VI
divides ocean at 400 miles west of Azore Islands West of line… Spain East of line… Portugal
Lined named… Line of Demarcation
Treaty of Tordesillas1494-
line moved in agreement to new “Treaty” 700 miles further west when realized how much more land there was
Columbus makes 3 more trips claiming land for Spain
Columbus Kicks the BucketHe gains some
wealth, but not muchMost power later
taken away by KingDied almost
forgotten in 1506He never accepted
the fact that he was not in India
Exploring America1499- Amerigo Vespucci
began mapping SA coastlineConcluded this was new
continent not AsiaBy 1500’s European map
makers begin calling land America
Vasco Núñez de BalboaGovernor of Panama to SpainHeard stories of “great
waters” beyond mts. 1513- forms a party to hike
through the jungles After weeks, sees Pacific Ocean 1st European to do so!!!
Sailing Around the WorldSpanish wanted to find sea route through or around SA to Asia
1519- hire Ferdinand Magellan, actually Portuguese though 5 ships Sail across Atlantic then down east coast of SA
November 1520 finds and sails through a narrow strait (now bares his name)
Names the ocean on other side Pacific, meaning peaceful Expects trip across Pacific just a few weeks Lasted 4 months Crew ran out of food
Ate sawdust, rats, and leather to surviveMagellan dies in the Philippines
Crew continuedTrip took 3 years
Only 1 of 5 ships Only 18 of 200+ crew members 1st to circumnavigate, or sail around the world