Exploring the Beef Exploring the Beef IndustryIndustry

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!

• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4 - Determine the meaning of CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4 - Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary describing political, social, or economic aspects vocabulary describing political, social, or economic aspects of history/social science.of history/social science.

• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.9-10.2a - Introduce a topic and CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.9-10.2a - Introduce a topic and organize ideas, concepts, and information to make organize ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Bell WorkBell Work

• Name as many beef cattle breeds as Name as many beef cattle breeds as possible?possible?

• What is your favorite steak?What is your favorite steak?

• What is Marbling?What is Marbling?

• What does polled mean?What does polled mean?

Student Learning ObjectivesStudent Learning Objectives

I.I. Name the parts of a beef animal.Name the parts of a beef animal.

II.II. List the common breeds of beef List the common breeds of beef animals.animals.

III.III. Explain how to select beef animals.Explain how to select beef animals.

IV.IV. Identify types of beef production Identify types of beef production setups.setups.

V.V. Describe beef marketing options.Describe beef marketing options.

TermsTerms• Cattle feedersCattle feeders• ConformationConformation• Cow-calf operationCow-calf operation• CutabilityCutability• DemandDemand• Dual-purpose breedDual-purpose breed• Desirable traitsDesirable traits• Feeder calvesFeeder calves

• Frame ScoreFrame Score• MarblingMarbling• PerformancePerformance• PolledPolled• Purebred breedersPurebred breeders• SupplySupply• Yearling feedersYearling feeders

Objective #1Objective #1

Name the parts of a Name the parts of a beef animal.beef animal.

What are the external parts of a What are the external parts of a beef animal?beef animal?

External Parts of a Beef AnimalExternal Parts of a Beef Animal

What are the Beef AnimalWhat are the Beef AnimalMeat Cuts?Meat Cuts?

Beef Animal Meat CutsBeef Animal Meat Cuts

Objective #2Objective #2

List the common breeds of List the common breeds of beef animals.beef animals.

What are the commonWhat are the commonbreeds of beef animals?breeds of beef animals?

TermsTerms

• PolledPolled– born naturally without hornsborn naturally without horns

• marblingmarbling– desirable presence of fat in the muscledesirable presence of fat in the muscle

• cutabilitycutability– amount of available retail cuts from the carcassamount of available retail cuts from the carcass

• dual-purpose breeddual-purpose breed– traditionally used for both milk and beef productiontraditionally used for both milk and beef production

• Originated Originated – Northeast ScotlandNortheast Scotland

• Most popular purebred Most popular purebred beef animal because:beef animal because:– vigorousvigorous– perform well in feedlotsperform well in feedlots

• PolledPolled

• Solid black or redSolid black or red

• Known for their marblingKnown for their marbling

• Originated in:Originated in:– Charolais, FranceCharolais, France

• Pink skinPink skin

• White to straw coloredWhite to straw colored

• Large breedLarge breed

• Polled or hornedPolled or horned

• Heavily muscledHeavily muscled

• Popular crossbreedingPopular crossbreeding

• The first Charolais in the The first Charolais in the US were imported from US were imported from Mexico because of Mexico because of embargos.embargos.

P.O. Box 014059 Kansas City, MoP.O. Box 014059 Kansas City, Mo(816)842-3757 aha@hereford.org(816)842-3757 aha@hereford.org

• Originated in:Originated in:– Hereford County, EnglandHereford County, England

• White faces & red bodiesWhite faces & red bodies• White markings on White markings on

switch, underline, below switch, underline, below the hocks, and on their the hocks, and on their crest & flankcrest & flank

• HornedHorned• Easily handledEasily handled• Moderate SizedModerate Sized

• Started inStarted in– Iowa by Warren GammonIowa by Warren Gammon– Gathered naturally polled Gathered naturally polled

animals and bred them animals and bred them

• Same traits as HerefordsSame traits as Herefords

• Eligible for registry inEligible for registry in– American Hereford American Hereford

AssociationAssociation– American Polled Hereford American Polled Hereford

AssociationAssociation

Polled HerefordsPolled Herefords

www.NALF.orgNorth American Limousin FoundationNorth American Limousin FoundationEnglewood, Co 80112 (303)220-1693Englewood, Co 80112 (303)220-1693

• Originated in:Originated in:– Southwestern FranceSouthwestern France

• Wheat to rust red or Wheat to rust red or orange coloredorange colored

• Polled & hornedPolled & horned

• Long & Shallow bodiedLong & Shallow bodied

• Known for calving easeKnown for calving ease

• also their leanness & also their leanness & large loin eye arealarge loin eye area

• High cutabilityHigh cutability

American Shorthorn AssociationAmerican Shorthorn AssociationOmaha, Nebraska 402-393-7200Omaha, Nebraska 402-393-7200

• Originated in:Originated in:– EnglandEngland

• Dual-purpose breedDual-purpose breed• Red, white, or roanRed, white, or roan• Horned or polledHorned or polled• ShortShort• DocileDocile• Good mothering Good mothering

abilityability

Bozeman, MTBozeman, MT800-593-2778800-593-2778

• Originated in:Originated in:– Western SwitzerlandWestern Switzerland

• White face is dominateWhite face is dominate• Red & white spotted or Red & white spotted or

solid redsolid red• Black strains have been Black strains have been

developeddeveloped• Polled & hornedPolled & horned• Rapid growthRapid growth• Thick muscledThick muscled

Houston, TexasHouston, Texas713-349-0854713-349-0854

• Originated in:Originated in:IndiaIndia

• Used in crossbreeding Used in crossbreeding programsprograms

• Light gray or red & sometimes Light gray or red & sometimes blackblack

• loose skin, large hump over loose skin, large hump over shoulder & large drooping earsshoulder & large drooping ears

• Resistance to disease, insectsResistance to disease, insects• Tolerant to heat, rapid weight Tolerant to heat, rapid weight

gain, quality carcassesgain, quality carcasses• unpredictable temperamentunpredictable temperament• Excellent ability to forage on Excellent ability to forage on

poor rangepoor range

San Antonio,San Antonio, TX TX

• Originated from:Originated from:– a cross between Brahman a cross between Brahman

& Angus& Angus

• 3/8 Brahman & 5/8 Angus3/8 Brahman & 5/8 Angus

• PolledPolled

• Solid blackSolid black

• Many of the same Many of the same characteristics as the characteristics as the Angus & BrahmanAngus & Brahman

Beefmaster Breeders United Beefmaster Breeders United San Antonio, TXSan Antonio, TX

210-732-3132210-732-3132• Developed in:Developed in:

– Texas by combining ½ Texas by combining ½ Brahman, ¼ Shorthorn, ¼ Brahman, ¼ Shorthorn, ¼ HerefordHereford

• Coloration varies but red is Coloration varies but red is dominantdominant

• Horned or polledHorned or polled• very hardy and good very hardy and good

milking abilitymilking ability• Good temperamentsGood temperaments• Heavy weaning weightsHeavy weaning weights• Rapid weight gainRapid weight gain

SalerSaler

• Originated in Originated in central France.central France.

• Considered an Considered an intermediate size.intermediate size.

• Thick red/black Thick red/black hair coat.hair coat.

• Light colored Light colored horns.horns.

CharbrayCharbray

• Originally a cross Originally a cross between Charolais between Charolais and Brahman.and Brahman.

• Large Large rugged/performs rugged/performs well in hot humid well in hot humid conditionsconditions

• White in color.White in color.

ChianinaChianina

• Originated in Italy.Originated in Italy.

• In Europe the In Europe the breed is used for breed is used for draught and draught and meat.meat.

• The largest breed The largest breed of beef cattle.of beef cattle.

• Used extensively Used extensively for crossbreeding.for crossbreeding.

Blonde d’ AquitaneBlonde d’ Aquitane

• Originated in Originated in south west south west France.France.

• Color is white to Color is white to tantan

• Were used as a Were used as a draught and draught and meat animalmeat animal

• Very heavy Very heavy muscledmuscled

BrayfordBrayford

• A cross between A cross between Hereford and Hereford and Brahman.Brahman.

• Suited for Suited for hot/humid climatic hot/humid climatic conditions.conditions.

• Developed in Developed in Australia & Florida.Australia & Florida.

LonghornLonghorn • Color varies Color varies greatly, tan, red, greatly, tan, red, brown, black and brown, black and spotted.spotted.

• Ancestors of Ancestors of early Spanish early Spanish breeds imported breeds imported in the in the southwest.southwest.

• Used extensively Used extensively as heifer bulls!as heifer bulls!

Maine AnjouMaine Anjou • Originated in Originated in France.France.

• Very heavy Very heavy muscled breed.muscled breed.

• Used extensively Used extensively for for crossbreeding.crossbreeding.

• Originally red Originally red and white in and white in color.color.

• Developed on the Developed on the King ranch in King ranch in Texas.Texas.

• Originally a cross Originally a cross between between Brahman and Brahman and Shorthorn breeds. Shorthorn breeds.

• The goal was to The goal was to develop a breed develop a breed adapted to hot adapted to hot climates.climates.

Scotch HighlandScotch Highland• Originated in Originated in

Scotland.Scotland.

• Small body size.Small body size.

• Tan/brown in color.Tan/brown in color.

• Actually have two Actually have two hair coats, short hair coats, short inner and longer inner and longer outer coat.outer coat.

• Ideally suited for Ideally suited for colder climatescolder climates

GelbviehGelbvieh

• Originated in Originated in Germany.Germany.

• Tan/red in color.Tan/red in color.

• Originally a tri-Originally a tri-purpose breed, purpose breed, meat, milk, meat, milk, draught.draught.

Objective #3Objective #3

Explain how to select Explain how to select beef animals.beef animals.

How do I know what beef animals are How do I know what beef animals are better than others?better than others?

TermsTerms• Desirable traitsDesirable traits

– traits that are in demand at the market placetraits that are in demand at the market place

• ConformationConformation– the shape, form, and type of an animalthe shape, form, and type of an animal

• PerformancePerformance– the ability of an animals to reproduce, wean, gain weight and the ability of an animals to reproduce, wean, gain weight and

stay strongstay strong

• Frame scoreFrame score– measurement based on animals being observed and evaluated measurement based on animals being observed and evaluated

at 205 daysat 205 days

How do I know what beef animals are How do I know what beef animals are better than others?better than others?

• Selection based on the frame scoreSelection based on the frame score– 1 through 7 scale is used for frame score1 through 7 scale is used for frame score

• Selection based on conformation scoreSelection based on conformation score– 1 through 17 is used for performance score1 through 17 is used for performance score

• 9 – 11 below average9 – 11 below average

• 12-14 average12-14 average

• 15-17 above average15-17 above average

How do I know what beef animals are How do I know what beef animals are better than others?better than others?

• No one breed is superior in all traitsNo one breed is superior in all traits• Decide on individual priorities & select Decide on individual priorities & select

breed based on thembreed based on them• Commit to good management practicesCommit to good management practices

– diets nutritiousdiets nutritious– comfortable living conditionscomfortable living conditions– monitor health concernsmonitor health concerns– assess breeding stockassess breeding stock

How do I know what beef animals are How do I know what beef animals are better than others?better than others?

• choose a reputable breeder & producerchoose a reputable breeder & producer

• insure animals are free of diseases and insure animals are free of diseases and genetic problemsgenetic problems

• look at records of the animalslook at records of the animals

• determine if animal will profit your herddetermine if animal will profit your herd

Objective #4Objective #4Identify types of beef Identify types of beef production setups.production setups.

What type of production best suits What type of production best suits my needs?my needs?

• Cow-calf operationCow-calf operation– keeping mature cattle to produce calveskeeping mature cattle to produce calves– cows bred every year cows bred every year – calves sold 2 wayscalves sold 2 ways

• Feeder calvesFeeder calves– weaned animals under a year old until sold to feedlot weaned animals under a year old until sold to feedlot

and raised to slaughter weightand raised to slaughter weight

• Yearling feedersYearling feeders– calves between 1 and 2 years of age sold to another calves between 1 and 2 years of age sold to another

producer to feed out to slaughter weightproducer to feed out to slaughter weight

Cow-Calf OperationsCow-Calf Operations

AdvantagesAdvantages

• utilizes pasturesutilizes pastures

• less labor intenseless labor intense

• low investment costslow investment costs

• require little equipment & require little equipment & facilitiesfacilities

• easy to increase herd easy to increase herd sizesize

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• Large initial land Large initial land investmentinvestment

• long time in between long time in between paycheckspaychecks– budget feed, minerals, vet budget feed, minerals, vet

bills, and other expensesbills, and other expenses

• Price may be low when Price may be low when time to sell calvestime to sell calves

What type of production best suits What type of production best suits my SAE needs?my SAE needs?

• Cattle feedersCattle feeders– producers that feed beef animals to slaughter producers that feed beef animals to slaughter

weightweight– buy yearling or calves and finish them quicklybuy yearling or calves and finish them quickly

Cattle FeedersCattle Feeders

AdvantagesAdvantages

• production lag is only production lag is only 4 – 6 months4 – 6 months

• Quick turn-over time Quick turn-over time for moneyfor money

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• initial investment is initial investment is highhigh– higher feedhigher feed– housing & equipmenthousing & equipment

• more labor & trucking more labor & trucking

• fluctuating marketsfluctuating markets

What type of production best suits What type of production best suits my needs?my needs?

• Purebred breedersPurebred breeders– producers that keep herds for breeding stock and producers that keep herds for breeding stock and

replacement bulls or semen for cow-calf operationsreplacement bulls or semen for cow-calf operations

Purebred breedersPurebred breeders

AdvantagesAdvantages

• provides genetic provides genetic improvements to improvements to herdsherds

• Receive higher values Receive higher values for animals soldfor animals sold

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• initial start-up cost initial start-up cost higher for genetically higher for genetically superior animalssuperior animals

• time consumingtime consuming

• record-keepingrecord-keeping

Objective #5Objective #5

Describe beef marketing options.Describe beef marketing options.

What marketing options do I have What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?with beef cattle?

• SupplySupply– overall amount of product available at a given overall amount of product available at a given

timetime

• DemandDemand– the amount that could be purchased at a the amount that could be purchased at a

given time for a given pricegiven time for a given price

What marketing options do I have What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?with beef cattle?

• Seasonal pricing patterns existsSeasonal pricing patterns exists• Several ways to market beef cattleSeveral ways to market beef cattle

– purebred marketingpurebred marketing– local sales barnlocal sales barn– sell directly to packerssell directly to packers

• Which one is best for you depends on:Which one is best for you depends on:– marketing costsmarketing costs– convenienceconvenience– market pricemarket price

What marketing options do I have What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?with beef cattle?

Purebred MarketingPurebred Marketing• done privately or done privately or

auctionsauctions• breed associations breed associations

hold consignment hold consignment auctionsauctions

• advertising expenseadvertising expense• payment of payment of

auctioneerauctioneer

Local Sale BarnsLocal Sale Barns• convenient to buyersconvenient to buyers• utilized by small utilized by small

producersproducers• selling fee is based selling fee is based

on percent of sale or on percent of sale or fixed amountfixed amount

• cattle goes to the cattle goes to the highest bidderhighest bidder

What marketing options do I have What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?with beef cattle?

Sell Directly to PackerSell Directly to Packer• large producerslarge producers• avoid paying avoid paying

commission or commission or brokersbrokers

• 70% of slaughter 70% of slaughter cattle going to cattle going to packers from direct packers from direct marketsmarkets

ReviewReview

• What are the external parts of a beef animal?What are the external parts of a beef animal?• What are the Beef AnimalWhat are the Beef Animal

Meat Cuts?Meat Cuts?• What are the commonWhat are the common

breeds of beef animals?breeds of beef animals?• How do I know what beef animals are better than How do I know what beef animals are better than

others?others?• What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?• What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

The End!The End!