exponential growth of an “invisible” pollutant
TRANSCRIPT
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Circular Economy Interface between waste and chemicals legislation – a recyclers’ perspective
Chris SlijkhuisMüller‐Guttenbrunn Group – Austria
www.mgg‐recycling.comFoto: © Peter Essick
Exponential growth of an “invisible” pollutant
Emitting CO2 is free of charge
It is a most urgent global environmental threat
And……..this discussion decoupled from debates over toxics and SVHC’s
https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/24/
June 2018: 410,79 ppm CO2
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The 30 000 car parts/car can be identified in a database.....
3….for a new car or for a car in use.
Source Hyundai
These 30 000 car parts/car cannot be identified anymore.....
4…once these cars have reached their End‐Of‐Life…
Source: MGG as Car Recycler
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Why micro‐management on parts level is impossible for us
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Cars have some 30 000 parts
We treat 10 000 cars at this location
This is some 300 Mio car parts/year
20.000 Goods‐movements/Year (Rail and trucks)
We are supplied by 2.100 sources – all different
In total 120 European Waste Codes
Micro‐Management on parts level is not possible...
The WEEE Recycling Process – TAC Guidance
“Substances, preparations and components may be removed manually, mechanically or chemically, metallurgically with the result that hazardous substances, preparations, and components and those mentioned in Annex II are contained as an identifiable stream or identifiable part of a stream at the end of the treatment process. A substance, preparation or component is identifiable if it can be (is) monitored to prove environmentally safe treatment.”
May I invite you to have a look at our WEEE Recycling Process?
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May I invite you to our world of WEEE recycling....
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De‐Pollution Batteries, Capacitors etc.
De‐Pollution with Smasher 2.0
MGG Patented “Smasher”
Taking out
Hazardous components, such as
• Capacitors > 25mm
• Batteries
• Toner Cartridges
Valuable components, such as
• Printed Circuit Boards
• Spools
• E‐Motors
Fractions disturbing further separations, such as
• Wood or other fibres
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WEEE recycling – shredding and ferrous metal recovery
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Shredding Ferrous‐Metals
De‐Pollution Batteries, Capacitors etc.
EVA Shredder, specialized for WEEE
Shredding
Extremely efficient air treatment and fire fighting techniques
Very low noise shredding
Separation of Ferrous Metals
Shredder residues
Heavies
Lights
Dust fraction
Clean air (approx. 2 mg/m3 dust)
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Shredding Ferrous‐Metals
Non‐Ferrous & Precious MetalsPost‐Shredder Treatment
De‐Pollution Batteries, Capacitors etc.
WEEE recycling – non‐ferrous metal recovery
Treatment of WEEE Shredder Residues
Post‐Shredder Technologies
The dry and wet separation techniques consist of:
Size (sieving)
Density separations
Induction
Colour & other sensor based
Surface to weight ratio’s etc.
Resulting in concentrates of
Non‐Ferrous Metals (Copper, Aluminium, Brass, Stainless etc.)
Printed circuit boards
Plastics
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WEEE recycling – PCR plastics recycling
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Shredding Ferrous‐Metals
Non‐Ferrous & Precious MetalsPost‐Shredder Treatment
Plastic Recycling
De‐Pollution
Polymer pellets end‐of‐waste
Batteries, Capacitors etc.
MGG Polymers WEEE Plastics Recycling
Goods‐In and Pre‐processing
Each receipt is assayed
Material cleaned from non‐plastics
High‐tech plastic separation
Cleaning and separarions
PP, HIPS, ABS and PC‐ABS
Blending, Extrusion and Compounding
Lab Analyses RoHS Physical, Chemical & Rheologic parameters
Output Material some 25 000 MT of PCR plastics drop‐in replacing virgin
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The alternative is sending the WEEE away from Europe….
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The western Africa route
The China route
A closer look at this alternative…
Supply Chain in China‐ the trade with plastics
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Recycling in China...sorting often manual work
Recycling in China…manual sorting & Sink/Float
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Recycling in China…blending and extrusion
Question: What happens with non‐recycled materials?
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Procurement Processing Selling
Self‐replenishing
Sustainable
Growing supply
Growing supply
Land‐filled/Incinerated
< 10% of energy
< 10% of water consumption
Save about 3‐4 tons CO2/ton
Mechanical ‘mining’ process
Innovative technologies
More sustainable business
PCR plastics
Non target‐material is incinerated
“Green” products
Virgin‐like quality possible
MGG’s sustainable model to re‐produce plastics from WEEE
Legislation overview Brominated Flame Retardants
IT electronics
(microprocessors, computer servers, modems, printers, copy
machines…)
Consumer electronics
(hair dryers, heaters, TV sets, laptops…)
White goods
(tumble dryers, dishwashers, washing machines…)
EEE ProductsRegulations
Printed circuit boards
Housing
Cables
Connectors
Plastic Parts
DOPO
Br’d PS
BDP
RDP
EBP
HBCD
c‐OctaBDE
ATH
MDH
TBBPA
DecaBDE3
ATO
No restriction
POP underStockholm
Restriction under REACH
Restriction underRoHS
c‐PentaBDE
Mel.Cyanurate
Annex XIV
Source: EFRA 22
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Restricted BFRs in WEEE today and adding Dea‐BDE
The current Deca‐BDE discussion might end WEEE plastic recycling…..
Added restriction –Deca‐BDE
Restricted today
Why can’t we live with a UTC threshold of 10 ppm for Deca‐BDE ?
Complex analyses by Gas‐Chromatography cannot be used for recycling Continuous analyses are required per batch of 1000 kg Preparation of samples is too complex and samples must be small The time required for one analysis is too big The costs are prohibitive – higher than the value of the recyclates.
X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF Analysis) XRF analysis has proven to be the only viable method for recycling processes in practice There is a standard for this EN 62321‐3‐1:2014 It screens not only BFR‘s but also other RoHS substances material XRF measures total bromine Making the analysis impossible for extremely low concentrations. XRF method is validated for 1000 ppm Lower values (<1000 ppm) for UTC and LPC would have serious repercussions Deca‐BDE in larger batches represent 22 % of BFR‘s
All restricted BFR‘s in E‐Waste have 1000 ppm threshold One different value for deca‐BDE would complicate QM procedures a lot We fail to see why deca‐BDE would be treated differently then other PBDE‘s Deca‐BDE was listed in the EU Chemical Legislation (REACH) only last year
The WEEE recycling industry needs an UTC threshold of 1000 ppm for deca‐BDE
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This is how it feels……..
Recycler
An An intelligent balance between “Non‐Toxic” and “Circular Economy” is required
This is how we believe it should be……
Recycler
Conformity to StandardsDownstream controlsLegal compliance
Ressource savingsEnergy savings
CO2 savings
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Our recommendation for the interface Chemicals & Waste Legislation
Some legal certainty and clarity is required to stimulate recycling
Micro‐Management by EU recyclers of SVHC on parts level is unrealistic A database can be hugely helpful to create risk profiles for components or component groups But a recyclers can only de‐pollute risk‐profiled parts groups mentioned in WEEE or ELV annexes. Please consider this when designing a database.
Recyclers don‘t count on markings to be correct Large volume recyclers cannot even look at them Dismantlers cannot assume that markings are correct
The recycling industry needs Balanced thresholds of SVHC‘s based on impact assessments A risk instead of a hazard approach for SHVC‘s and POPs
Not based on chemical’s properties only But context based risk assessments – see TV Housing.
Legislation based upon recycling practices built around EU guidance.
Let us take the IPPC recommendations serious
Thank you…