extended classification system for medical applications of
TRANSCRIPT
1 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto
Extended Classification System for Medical
Applications of Additive Manufacturing
Jukka Tuomi
Research Director
Aalto University, BIT Research Centre
President
Finnish Rapid Prototyping Association, FIRPA
AFPR Conference
PARIS, June 24-27, 2013
2 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto
Classification Systems for AM
Technology oriented [ASTM F42, ISO 10303]
Binder jetting
Directed energy deposition
Material extrusion
Material jetting
Powder bed fusion
Sheet lamination
Vat photopolymerization
Application oriented
Prototyping
Tooling
Manufacturing
3 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto
Brand Names
Stereolithography, SLA (3D Systems)
Fused deposition modeling, FDM (Stratasys)
Binder jetting (3D Systems/Z Corp.)
Material jetting (Stratasys/Solidscape)
PolyJet (Stratasys/Objet)
Selective laser sintering, SLS (3D Systems/DTM)
Direct metal laser sintering, DMLS (EOS)
…
5 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto
AM Process 1/2
3D-CAD - Ideas
- Pro/E
- Catia
- SolidWorks
- …
.stl file
.stl file AM - SLA
- SLS
- DMLS
- LOM
- FDM
- …
Physical part
Layer wise manufacturing
7 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto
Why AM?
Rapid Prototypig
Rapid Tooling
Rapid Manufacturing
1990 -
1995 -
2000 -
Time to market
Faster Ramp-up
Agile manufacturing and customization
2000
High-end products, production and logistics
”SuperMachines” 2010 - Additive Manufacturing, AM
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Biomanufacturing
Pre- and postoperative models
Inert implants
Tools and instruments
Medical aids and
Supportive guides
Classification of Medical Applications
[J. Puokens]
[Tsinghua University]
15 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto
Class Purpose Relation of AM'd piece to patient
Primary description Requirements Other
Preoperative models
Plan or simulate surgical procedure; Educate students, patients and family, train surgeons
No patient contact Based on patient geometry but magnification or miniaturization possible;
Anatomical accuracy requirements depend on case
Transportability, storability, behavior in process, haptic response requirements depend on case
Medical aids, supportive guides, splints & prostheses
Enhance healing from trauma, anomaly or defect
External to body – non invasive
May be combined to standard devices to provide patient-specific fit; Long term and postoperative supports, (motion) guides and fixators
Non-allergic if in contact with skin, mechanical and surface requiements depend on case
Includes external prostheses and prosthetic sockets, personalized splints, drill-guiding microtables, orthopedic appliances and braces
Tools, instruments & parts for medical devices
Enable or improve the efficacy of a medical or surgical procedure
Contact with body fluids, mucous membranes, tissues or organs for a limited time: Invasive but not implantable,
Patient-specific dimensions and shapes may be incorporated;
Sterilizable; No immediate toxicity or allergic reactions, no shedding of particles; mechanical and surface requirements depend on case
Includes drill guides, specialty surgical instruments, orthodontic appliances
Inert implants Tissue replacement Wholly or partly implanted, long term contact with body fluids, tissues or organs
Biocompatible; will not change its characteristics (much) in vivo
May attract cell adhesion on surface but mainly stays inactive; durability, mechanical properties, surface properties depend on case
Strict material requirements, long approval processes; Includes dental applications: crowns & bridges
Biomanu facturing
Biologically active tissue replacement; “organ manufacturing”
Incorporated into body
Shape personalized to match tissue defect, porous structures, optimal morphology depends on cell type and application site
Porous structures; Scaffolds must be cell growth conductive, inductive, resorbable, controlled
Polymers, ceramics and composites; Freeform culture media in vitro; Additive manufacturing + tissue engineering;
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Medical AM Process
1 Medical Imaging and 3D Digitizing
2 3D Modeling
3 Additive Manufacturing
4 Finishing
5 Clinical Application
20 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto
Acknowledgements
Ian Gibson, National University of Singapore
Stephen Rouse, USA
Antti Mäkitie, Risto Kontio, Jan Lindahl, Jari Salo, Helsinki
University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki
Juho Vehviläinen, Kaija-Stiina Paloheimo, Roy Björkstrand,
Mika Salmi, Eero Huotilainen, Aalto University
21 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto
Thank you!
Jukka Tuomi
+358-500-713420