Extended Continental Shelf Opportunities in Asia Pacific

I Made Andi Arsana &

Clive Schofield

The Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources & Security (ANCORS)

University of Wollongong, Australia

United Nations-Nippon Foundation Fellowship Alumni Meeting

Tokyo, 12-16 April 2009

Today is Monday, 04 May, 2009

Our Institution…

ANCORSUniversity of Wollongong

AUSTRALIA

Wollongong, NSW,2522. AUSTRALIAP: +61 2 4221 4883F: +61 2 4221 5544myree@uow.edu.au

www.ancors.uow.edu.au

Dept of Geodesy & GeomaticsGadjah Mada University

INDONESIA

Jl. Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta, 55281, INDONESIAP: +62 274 902121 F: +62 274 520226 geodesi@ugm.ac.id

www.geodesi.ugm.ac.id

Outline

• Introduction

• Definition of ECS• The submissions - Asia Pacific Case

• Potentials and Opportunities• Benefits and future challenges• Concluding Remarks

Maritime Jurisdictions - UNCLOS 1982

The Area

200 M

Sea Level

12 MContiguous

zone

Territorialsea

12 M

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Water Column, Sea-bed, Subsoil

Rise Deep Ocean

Inte

rnal

wat

ers

Ter

ritor

ial S

ea B

asel

ine

(Extended Continental Shelf)

Continental ShelfSea-bed, Subsoil, Sedentary Species

High Sea

Shelf

LowerSlopemadeandi@ugm.ac.id © 2008

UpperSlope Plateu

orTerrace

Definition of ECS – Legal

Animated by I Made Andi Arsana -madeandi@ugm.ac.id

60 nm

200 nm

350 nm

2500 m isobath + 100 nm

continental crust

dry land

Established baseline(either normal or straight)

1% sediment thickness (Gardiner Line)

ocean crust

Outer limit of CS Fixed points (lat, long)

foot of slope (FOS)(max. change of gradient)

continental shelf

slope

low water

Animated by I Made Andi Arsana - madeandi@ugm.ac.id

����

sediment

continental rise

abyssalplain

Hedberg Line

Sediment

D

t

t / D ≥ 1 %

Foot of Slope (FOS)t = sediment thicknessD = distance from FOS

<< back

Submission to date

1. Russia – 20 Dec. 2001 - recommendations June 02 2. Brazil – 17 May 2004 - recommendations April 07 3. Australia – 15 Nov. 2004 – recommendations April 084. Ireland (partial) – 20 May 2005 - recommendations April 075. New Zealand (partial?) – 19 April 2006 - with Commission6. France, Ireland, Spain, UK (joint) – 19 May 20067. Norway (partial?) – 27 Nov. 20068. France (partial) – 22 May 20079. Mexico – 17 Dec. 200710. Barbados – 8 May 200811. UK (partial – Ascension) – 9 May 200812. Indonesia – 16 June 200813. Japan - 12 November 200814. Mauritius & Seychelles (joint) - 1 Dec.0815. Suriname - 5 December 200816. Myanmar - 16 December 200817. France - 5 February 200918. Yemen - 20 March 200919. UK (Partial – Hatton Rockall) – 31 March 0920. Ireland (Hatton Rockall) – 31 March 0921. Uruguay – 7 April 0922. Philippines (Benham Rise) – 8 April 09

Sources: CLCS website, 9 April 2009)

Submission to date

Asia Pacific - An overview

States in the Asia Pacific Region

The Submission: Asia Pacific

United Nations ConventionOn the Law of the Sea

1. Maritime jurisdictions2. Australia ratified the

Convention in 1994

Australia’s EEZ

Australia’s ECS Submission to the UNin 2004

Recommendation fromThe UN in April 2008.

Pending area

Special treatment

AUSTRALIA

INDONESIATIMOR LESTE

SOUTHERN OCEAN

ROSSSEA

INDIANOCEAN

TASMANSEA

South Tasman Rise

NEWZEALAND

AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC TERRITORY

Tasmania

Australia

<< back

New Zealand

New Zealand’s EEZ

New Zealand

New Zealand-Australia MaritimeBoundaries (2004)

New Zealand’s proposed ECS

New Zealand’s final ECS << back

The Indonesian Submission

20

0M

35

0M

1

2

3

45

Proposed Extended Continental Shelf

SUMATRA

I ND

ON

ES

I A

I ND

I A

“Computed” median line (Indonesia – India)

Location: northwest of Sumatra

Area: 3915 km²

<< back

Japan

Japan

Legend

200M from Japan’s baseline

200M from other State’s baseline

Equidistance line from Japan’s and other State’s baseline

Japan’s proposed extendedcontinental shelf

North

e rn

Mar

ian

aIs

lan

ds(U

S)

Minami-ToriShima Island

Mogi Seamount Region

Okino-ToriShima Island

Palau

Shikoku Basin Region

Ogasawara Plateau Region

Minami-Tori ShimaIsland Region

Southern Kyushu-Palau Ridge Region

Minami-Io To Island Region

Southern Oki-Daito Ridge Region

<< back

Myanmar

A1

2

3

B

4

<< back

The Philippines

Baseline 200 M Line350 M constraintOuter limit of the CS Beyond 200 M

<< back

The Potentials

0 1000nautical miles

?

?

?

?

?

Opportunities

Minerals

Polymetallic nodules

Blacksmokers

Living Resources

DNA from 284 mbsf

Microbial ecosystems to > 750 mbsf

Microbe tracks

GAS HYDRATE

Symonds, 2008

Concluding Remarks

• Maritime jurisdiction � LOSC

• Principles of ECS– Criteria

– Constraints • Development in Asia Pacific

– Six submissions

– Potentials � deadline: 13 May 2009 • Opportunities

• Future challenges

Thank you ☺