external realm handbook - university of bristol · realm design code ideas stated in spd 11 and...

External Realm Handbook

Third Edition - November 2014

NICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATESENVIRONMENTAL PLANNERS LANDSC APE ARCHITECTS ECOLOGISTS

Contents

University of Bristol External Realm Handbook 1NICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES

1.0 Introduction

2.0 The University of Bristol External Realm Handbook

3.0 Principles for External Realm Development and Improvement Projects

4.0 Assessment of the Existing Fabric of the University of Bristol External Realm

5.0 Precedents for External Realm Design in Bristol

6.0 Introducing the External Realm Treatment Hierarchy

7.0 Technical Details

8.0 Consideration of Temporary/Construction Phase Impacts on the External Realm

9.0 Example External Realm Design Process/Checklist

10.0 References

Appendices

A University of Bristol Accessibility Statement

B University of Bristol Security Policy

C University of Bristol Signage Strategy

D Bristol City Council – Adopted Highway Areas – September 2007

E University of Bristol Gardens and Grounds Team:Tree Management Approach/Policies

F University of Bristol Gardens and Grounds Team: Memorial Bench Policy

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2 University of Bristol External Realm HandbookNICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES

University of Bristol Strategic Master Plan

University of Bristol Strategic Master Plan

External Realm Framework &

Public Art Statement

External Realm Handbook Public Art Strategy

April 2008

View of Wills Memorial Building and University Precinct from Cabots Tower, Bristol.

Document Relationships

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1.0 Introduction

In July 2006, Bristol City Council adopted The University of Bristol Strategic Master Plan as SupplementaryPlanning Document 11 which focuses on the development of the University Precinct during the next 10 to15 years. The Strategic Master Plan sets out the future direction for developing the fabric of theUniversity Precinct within the context of the City of Bristol. The Master Plan seeks to further BristolUniversity and the City Council’s

“shared vision for the city, as a successful European capital, that promotes learning and sustainable development; a place that values diversity and thrives culturally, socially and economically. The ability to offer world-class cultural and educational facilities is at the heart of this vision”

(From the forward of Supplementary Planning Document Number 11, University of Bristol Strategic Masterplan, July 2006).

An accompanying document, The University of Bristol External Realm Framework and Public Art Statement hasbeen developed as a result of and to compliment SPD 11. Its aim is to build on the 10 step vision for theUniversity Precinct set out in the Strategic Master Plan and further develop the Artistic and ExternalRealm Design Code ideas stated in SPD 11 and Appendix 13; Urban Landscape and External Realm.

This document is The University of Bristol External Realm Handbook which guides the choices andspecifications for materials palettes and design in the external realm, and is written to complement theFramework. As the planning and development of the Precinct moves forward they will help to guide thedesign process providing practical advice and quality benchmarks for The University of Bristol’s designers,and artists and also for Bristol City Council as the Local Planning Authority.

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SPD 11 Master Plan: External Realm Strategy

2.0


2.0 The University of Bristol External Realm Handbook

2.1 Purpose

2.2 Aims of the External Realm Handbook

2.3 Using the Handbook

2.4 Methodology

2.1 Purpose

The University of Bristol External Realm Handbook has been produced to provide guidelines and a qualitybenchmark for new external realm works in order to integrate new spaces, functions and architecturewith the existing fabric of the University Precinct. This handbook provides design and specificationguidance and practical suggestions for those involved in the future development, on going improvementand day to day maintenance and management of the Precinct external realm. In the following chapters areanalysis findings, character traits, coordinating design principles and suggested finishes and products thatwill contribute to the creation of a unified sense of identity across the Precinct.

2.2 Aims of the External Realm Handbook

The aims of this handbook are:• To exemplify standards of design and quality to be achieved in the external realm;• To inform the creation of a stimulating and functional external realm;• To create a reference document to ensure that external realm finishes and features throughout the

Precinct are of the appropriate standard;• To introduce principles of good design to create a consistent quality throughout the Precinct;• To provide example specifications for the design, arrangement and installation of elements within

the external realm that will help develop the sense of place and belonging and meet standards ofsafety, durability and functionality.

• To encourage a site planning and design approach that is responsive to local context, intended useand the existing valued characteristics of Conservation Areas.

• To provide initial guidance in terms of design, detailing and materials that may need to bereinformed as detailed design proceeds.

2.3 Using the Handbook

Information within this document is complementary to established national and local standards of designand safety and is not intended to be read in isolation, nor does it replace designer or manager’sresponsibilities and duties with regard to good design, duty of care and the assessment of risk throughoutthe processes of design, construction and management.

It is intended that this document will be used by:• The University Estates Department or their Project Managers, who will be commissioning and

briefing design teams for various Precinct development projects.

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• Design teams, working on behalf of the University on projects with an External Realm element/interface during the design process in order to ensure they embrace the vision set out for thePrecinct and accord with the standards.

• The Planning Authority, who will be able to use this document to assist in determining planningapplications with an external realm interface.

• The adopting authority or the University of Bristol’s in house maintenance and management teams,who will be responsible for the ongoing management and maintenance of the Precinct and need toembrace and uphold the standards.

2.4 Methodology

Section 3 sets out a series of guiding principles for the design of outdoor spaces and streets and is basedon good practice design guidance.

In section 4, an assessment of existing features within the external realm in and around the Precinct hasbeen undertaken in order to record and highlight successful/desirable features and uses of existingmaterials and characteristics to inform and inspire new works which will contribute to future characterand identity of the external realm.

Section 5 looks at recent case study sites in the wider City of Bristol that have demonstrated good designand materials selection and can provide design precedents suitable for locations in the Precinct.

Section 6 acts as a technical resource for designers to assist in making appropriate product and materialchoices for individual sites within the Precinct contributing to the site wide coordination of styles.

Section 7 makes recommendations for the enhancement and mitigation of construction phase impacts onthe external realm and users of the Precinct. The potential for combined effects of several/adjacentconstruction sites within the Precinct could be significant and steps to assist in the coordination andmanagement of temporary impacts are set out. Opportunities for short term enhancement through thisperiod will be highlighted.

Sections 8 and 9 suggest some of the processes and mitigation measures that can be undertaken to helpthe procurement process and work towards easing the inevitable disruption that will be experienced byPrecinct users during the short term construction phases.

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3.0 Principles for External Realm Development and Improvement projects

3.1 Purpose of External Realm Development and Improvement Projects

3.2 Multi-disciplinary cooperation and consultation

3.3 Opportunities for the incorporation of Public Art

3.4 Ongoing Maintenance and Management

Successful external spaces are those which are designed in response to their functional surroundings andvisual context, while providing a legible, safe environment for the user, (whose needs have been wellconsidered). The user will be able to determine where they are through landmarks or identifyingcharacteristics and understand how the space is to be used by its layout and the design of the elementswithin it. The organisation of the space should also take into account significant or appealing views,consider the interface with and relative function of the surrounding places and integrate the necessaryfunctionality of the space without dominating it.The design outcomes of projects should result in acoordinated and visually/sensually appealing environment and where appropriate be culturally relevant tothe University. The University of Bristol External Realm Framework provides a series of design briefswhich provide further, site specific guidance.

3.1 The Purpose of External Realm Development and Improvement Projects

There should be a presumption that external realm development and improvement projects will:• Facilitate the ‘Ten Strategic Moves’ as described in SPD 11 the University of Bristol Strategic

Masterplan (2006).• Preserve and enhance the historic character of the university and it’s surroundings.• Enhance local distinctiveness and reinforce those qualities which make the Precinct unique, whilst

acknowledging the subtleties of the three distinct Conservation Areas in which the Precinct sits.• Successfully integrate new functions and activities within the existing and proposed Precinct form,

architecture and with neighbourhoods adjacent to the Precinct.• Create a legible spatial hierarchy throughout the Precinct.• Create accessible, functional and beautiful places.• Address design issues of sustainabilitity, function, accessibility, energy, and lifecycle• Include, early consultation with those responsible for the long term management of spaces

when deciding on the design and maintenance criteria for project.This is vital to ensuredeliverability and that a scheme is in an appropriate form for adoption (By Council Highways orParks Departments where this applies).

• Need to agree appropriate commuted sums, for areas to be adopted, ahead of any section 106agreement.

• Contribute towards the attainment of BREEAM ‘excellent’ ratings where related to new buildingprojects.

3.2 Multi-disciplinary co-operation and consultation.

Process objectives that need to be considered from the inception stages of each project are set out below.- It is usually the case that a variety of people, including design professionals, end users and managers

or adopting authorities are involved in developing external realm projects. Seeking the views and input of key stakeholders at the early stages of any project will contribute to the efficient delivery of successful schemes.

- It is often most successful to gather all decision makers together in the form of design workshops to ensure that all relevant technical viewpoints are considered. This approach would need full commitment from Bristol City Council and the University and can exemplify partnership working.

- With the introduction of the Department of Transport’s ‘Manual for Streets’ the new guidance and ‘quality audit’ process is used in the design of streets and road ways that will be adopted by the Local Authority.

3.3 Reducing Clutter

Many external areas of the Precinct have become cluttered over time and this clutter detracts from theexperience of the place. Reducing clutter in the external realm is important in creating simple, functional,beautiful spaces. It also contributes to the provision of a safe environment for all users including thevisually impaired.

“Beauty and distinctiveness of our historic settlements and landscape is disappearing under a blizzard oftraffic signs, discordant paving schemes, obtrusive road markings and ugly street furniture. The resultingvisual chaos diminishes the quality of all our lives” (Save our Streets, English Heritage, 2004).

Opportunities exist for a rationalisation of clutter in existing street and spaces as well as through the co-ordinated design of new streets and spaces.

3.4 Opportunities for the incorporation of Public Art.

The external realm of the University Precinct is to be developed in conjunction with the University ofBristol Public Art Strategy which has been initiated in order to help celebrate the Centenary of the RoyalCharter of the University in 2009. Opportunities will be sought in external realm projects to allow forthe collaboration of artists and designers through design team structures. More details of these workingproposals and opportunities can be found in the External Realm Framework and Public Arts Statement (2007)and the University of Bristol Public Art Strategy (2008).

3.5 Ongoing Maintenance and Management.

Routine inspection, cleansing and maintenance plays an important role in maintaining the safety andappearance of the external realm. From the outset, the long term maintenance and management ofexternal realm designs needs to be considered. Liaison with the University Gardens and GroundsManagement team and Bristol City Council will assist with this ongoing process.

Consideration for ongoing maintenance and repair costs need to be considered to allow budgets forexternal realm re-development to be set appropriately. Regular maintenance and refurbishment worksundertaken by the University should take into consideration the recommendations and product ormaterials guidance set out in this Handbook.Any areas of the Precinct proposed for adoption by the CityCouncil on completion, will be subject to early stage consultation with City Council Officers in Highwaysand Parks departments as required and will cover management considerations, (including street trees orother public plant beds). Future maintenance and management costs would be agreed through setion 106agreements and the calculation of appropriate commuted sums.

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4.0


4.0 Assessment of the existing fabric of the University of Bristol External Realm

4.1 Findings

4.2 Good Examples from within the University Precinct

4.2.1 Planting4.2.1 A Hedges4.2.1 B Trees4.2.1 C Lawns4.2.1 D Shrub planting

4.2.2 Pavements4.2.2 A Natural stone paving slabs4.2.2 B Concrete paving slabs

4.2.3 Streets & Roads4.2.3 A Surfacing4.2.3 B Road edging4.2.3 C Iron Kerbs4.2.3 D Stone Kerbs4.2.3 E Informal Sett Edging4.2.3 F Pedestrian crossings4.2.3 G Shared use areas (Vehicle/pedestrian/Cycle)4.2.3 H Bollards

4.2.4 Walls

4.2.5 Furnishings4.2.5 A Railings4.2.5 B Signage4.2.5 C Lighting4.2.5 D Cycle Parking

During the period March to June 2007 a photographic study of elements of the existing External RealmFabric was undertaken by Nicholas Pearson Associates. The aim of this study was to identify the positiveor characteristic historical elements, materials and details which contribute to the character and qualitiesof the Precinct.

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4.1 Findings

This assessment found that although many areas of the Precinct were well maintained and well providedfor in terms of furnishings, (i.e. seating, lighting etc,) there are significant locations and quite extensive areasof the Precinct where there has been piecemeal intervention over time.This has resulted in a disjointedappearance of varying quality.There is also a great variety in the character, quality and durability of thematerials used in surfacing pavements and roads throughout, which would benefit from a Precinct wide co-ordinated approach.

All materials and surfaces have a viable life span and various external areas of the Precinct are reaching thelife cycle stage where refurbishment is desirable.The opportunity to undertake this refurbishment canprovide significant benefits to improve accessibility and safety for pedestrians, cyclists and vehicle usersalike.

The University of Bristol Precinct and it’s external image will benefit from a co-ordinated approach to thereinstatement and improvement of the external realm with quality materials and products.

4.2 Good Examples from within the University Precinct

This is a summary of examples of existing good design and detailing and of appropriate existing materialsand products found around the Precinct. These examples have informed the specification criteria andproduct choices that make up this Handbook and where appropriate could be taken forward into newdesigns. Where good current practice has been noted around the Precinct this has been incorporated intothe guidance in order to maintain continuity and build upon positive aspects of the existing external realm.

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4.2.1 Planting

The Precinct has substantial areas of garden, park land and tree planting that provide a significant greenelement and landscape resource that is a characteristic of this area of the city. Mature stands of trees havea very positive impact upon the surroundings of the Precinct and the wider City.This character needs tobe retained and developed. The Royal Fort Gardens at the centre of the site, originally designed byHumphrey Repton, is now maintained and managed by the University Gardens and Grounds Team. Belowis a summary of planting qualities that are to be maintained and developed around the Precinct wheresuitable.

4.2.1 A Hedges Hedges are frequently used to good effect to divide and define the boundariesbetween the public street and the semi-private Faculty and University buildings.On St Michael’s Road and Tyndall Avenue hedge and tree planting are oftencombined successfully into limited space. Consideration will be given to theretention and incorporation of existing good quality hedges where appropriate.

4.2.1 B TreesThe existing trees provide significant visual benefits and screening as well asshade, pollution reduction, and urban wildlife habitat. They contributesignificantly to the landscape character of the Precinct. Tree surveys inaccordance with BS5837: 2005 or contained within SPD 11 Appendices 2 and 13will need to be refenced in all project areas, where there are existing trees anda method statement for tree protection, during construction, established.Existing healthy, mature trees should only be removed in exceptionalcircumstances.The University of Bristol encourage the planting of new trees toincrease the tree population and to ensure a continuous succession of maturetrees and the maintenance of existing trees to ensure their maximum safelifespan. These issues are addressed and form part of the University of Bristol’svision for estate trees and are an integral part of the ongoing University estatemanagement. Specific policies relating to the maintenance of existing trees andthe planting of new trees are described in Appendix E – Bristol UniversitiesGardens and Grounds Team’s developing ‘Tree Management Approach/Policy’and reference should also be made to the strategic Tree planting goals of BristolCity Council.

4.2.1 C LawnsLawns, particularly in the Royal Fort gardens provide an informal recreationpotential and are used to great effect to enhance the setting of several listedbuildings near the gardens. Repton’s landscape designs are characterised bylawns, tree planting and the key views that are formed through the carefularrangement.

4.2.1 D Shrub Planting Shrub beds have been established successfully in the Precinct and perform avariety of functions ranging from simple banks for planting used to screensensitive view to specific character planting areas.

4.2.1 A: Hedges

4.2.1 B:Trees

4.2.1 C: Lawns

4.2.1 D: Shrub Planting

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4.2.2 Pavements

There is a great diversity of paving materials and their detailing around the campus. Some pavements arehistorical features which should be retained and their detailing reflected in future designs in order tomaintain consistency and enhance local distinctiveness. In places within the Precinct the widths ofpavements are substantial in order to accommodate the large numbers of pedestrian movements at peakperiods during the day.These wide pavements need to be extended further in order to reach more areasof the Precinct. The areas where shared pedestrian and vehicle movement occurs are in places that havebeen detailed well and this hierarchy should be reinforced through new paved areas following a similarhierarchy. At key road crossing locations the use of unusually wide pedestrian and cycle crossings will benecessary to accommodate the high volumes of pedestrian flow experienced during term time. Thespecific selection of flag paving types, set out below, will need to be based on a judgment ofappropriateness, given the local setting. In other words, a robust justification will be required for materialselection in each circumstance. Particular care will need to be taken in designing the transition betweenstone and concrete flag surfaces.

4.2.2 A Natural stone paving slabs- Pennant stone is a commonly used material with random length slabs

and consistent width bands within pedestrian areas.- These are laid in rows perpendicular to the kerb line and direction of

main pedestrian movement.- Slabs are often cut to radial/wedge shapes at corners/changes in

direction to avoid sudden changes in jointing pattern.- Joints are quite wide (circa 15mm) to allow for the often irregular

edges to the slabs and the longitudinal jointing pattern is always staggered.

- Stone paving is usually edged with stone kerbs but occasionally iron kerbs are used on corners.

- Only whole slabs are used adjacent to the kerb. (Cut slabs occur nearer the wall/back edge.)

- Slab size range - Variable width courses in approximate band widths of 300mm, 450mm and 580mm. (These are cut to random lengths but it isrecommended that they are cut no shorter than the width and no longer than twice the width to reduce the risk of cracking.)

4.2.2 B Concrete paving slabs- Uniform sized square concrete slabs are used in many locations

throughout Precinct for pedestrian surfaces.- Colours vary considerably but are predominantly grey and sandy/buff

in colour.- These are usually and quite effectively, laid in a chequer-board (grid)

pattern, jointing is usually tightly butted together (to 3mm or less) which is possible due to the straight regular edges of the units.Turning corners with this jointing pattern is often unsuccessful visually unless these are used in panels with strong edging units.

- The predominant slab size ranges from 450mm x 450mm to 600mm x 600mm although some 300mm x 300mm in areas that receive occasional vehicle over-run.Visually, the larger slabs are preferable.

Stone flag and kerb pavements

Chequer-board (grid) patternconcrete slabs

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4.2.3 Streets and Roads

4.2.3 A Surfacing- Where vehicles have priority over pedestrians the road surface is usually a

form of macadam or asphalt.- Most roads in the Precinct are adopted by the Local Authority.- The use of a natural coloured aggregate incorporated into the surface course

is used in places and can provide a subtle texture and colour that improves the appearance of the surrounding area.

- Painted lines on adopted roads are kept to a minimum and where yellow lines (or other road markings) are necessary in the conservation areas they are applied to the more subtle conservation area specification.

- Many of the long established roads in Bristol have an exaggerated camber to assist drainage. (These roads may have the original stone pitching beneath the surface course.A return to stone pitched road surface may be desirable in places.)

- Avoid painted markings other than conservation area highway markings/yellow lines.

4.2.3 B Road Edges- Stone set edges laid in rows are regularly used along the transition between

footpaths and vehicular routes at the low side of the kerb. This is a detail used widely in Bristol and acts as a drainage channel leading to a road gully. It also helps to define the edge of the carriage way.

- Stone set edges and joints need to be detailed carefully at pedestrian crossings to maintain a level surface for ease of access.

- Usual width of set edge is approximately 450mm.The top surface of sets are approximately 110mm x 200mm with 20mm joints to allow for the irregularities within the edges of the sets.

4.2.3 C Iron Kerbs- In some locations traditional iron kerbing has been used. This detail can be

found in many places around Bristol and in the Precinct where it protects the pavement edge from damage by wheeled vehicles.

- Where occurring in the Precinct, iron kerbs should be retained or re-used wherever possible as a locally distinctive feature.

4.2.3 D Stone Kerbs- Widely used throughout the Precinct in combination with stone slab paving at

the edges of roads.- Often display signs of wear at corners but are durable and can often be re-

used. Gentle radius corners are formed from several shorter but straight stones.Tight radius bends are achieved with a single or pair of curved stones.

- A stone kerb can improve the appearance of a concrete slab pavement.- Stone kerbs around the Precinct are 125mm wide and usually between

680mm and 700mm in length.- Where occurring in the Precinct, stone kerbs should be retained or re-used

wherever possible as a locally distinctive feature.

Surfacing

Road Edges

Iron Kerbs

Shaped corner kerbs and settdrainage edge to road


4.2.3 E Informal Sett Edges- Used widely as edges to pavements adjacent to soft landscape where they can

be raised to protect the planting to a degree.- Stone setts, bedded in a concrete haunch are probably recycled and show

signs of wear which adds character.- Particularly useful for curving edges due to small unit size.- When laid flush can be used to define the boundary between two different

paving materials or jointing patterns.- Concrete haunch should be laid with care and not be exposed to view on

completion.A good quality of finish is required to make the often irregular shaped setts look good.

4.2.3 F Pedestrian crossings- Pedestrian crossings are widespread and varied throughout the Precinct and

at certain times of the day are heavily used. Some are formalised with markings and lights, others are informal.

- The correct location of crossing points is sometimes difficult to determine due to the complexity and frequency of pedestrian movements.

- Designing the appropriate width of crossing and associated pavements is important to accommodate the many pedestrian users of key routes.

- At some crossings the road surface is raised to aid in slowing traffic and to help signify pedestrian priority.

- A recently installed informal pedestrian crossing has been marked by installinglines of sett edges laid across the road with macadam surfacing between.(This helps to highlight a shared road use). (See image 4.2.3G)

- Narrowing of the road at pedestrian crossings by widening the pavements canreduce blind spots caused by parked cars and visually signifies an informal crossing point without the need for sign posts.

- Refer to Bristol City Council’s Environmental Access Standards 2006.

4.2.3 G Shared use areas (Vehicle/Pedestrian/Cycle)- Asphalt has been successfully mixed with smaller stone units to create

subdivision within the roadway, particularly in areas of shared or changing use.- Smaller units are used where vehicle routes cross pedestrian routes to alert

users of the shared use surface and to form drainage channels.- Selection of materials and their use in shared areas will need to be informed

by detailed consultation with the adopting Highway Authority and consideration of safety risks.This will inform a specific project brief suited to the nature of activity anticipated.The final selection of materials will also needto reflect the extent and form of the area to be surfaced, sustainability considerations set out in Bristol City Council’s SPD 5 and the positive and distinctive characteristics of the relevant Conservation Area, in which the project located.

- Avoid confusion over pedestrian/vehicle priority due to conflicting/confusing surfacing material choices.

4.0

Informal Sett Edges

Vehicle cross over in smallunit flags

Edging between differentmaterials


4.2.3 H Bollards- Metal bollards are used to restrict vehicular access to non vehicle areas.- The simple traditional design of many of the bollards complements other

traditional elements within the conservation areas of the Precinct.- Removable/lifting metal bollards are used to prevent unauthorized vehicular

access in key locations and should match design of fixed bollards nearby.

4.2.4 Walls- Random rubble stone walling is characteristic of the University and of Bristol

and is used on both old and new walls.- Within the University this material has been used on the lower walls of some

buildings, free standing walls and raised planters.- Subtle colour differences from brown/grey to brown/red occur in the stone

across the Precinct and the existing colour mixes need to be referenced in new walls.

- Where existing walls provide the character precedent for new walls details ofthe workmanship and the stone used should inform the design of new walls.

- Suitable sources of natural stone for projects need to be determined at an early stage to secure supply.

- Avoid external walling/vertical element materials that do not complement or contribute positively to the appearance of the surroundings and adjacent buildings.

4.2.5 Furnishings

4.2.5 A Railings- Black metal railings and handrails are used in many locations. Stainless and

galvanised steel is also used successfully.- The most successful have simple but stylish design which complements the

architectural style and detailing of the adjacent buildings.- Selection of material/colour needs to be considered carefully in relation to

location and setting inorder to develop a cohesive design.A coordinated approach is important as it will bring design unity. Avoid incompatible styles that would otherwise jar and clash in the street scene.

- The specification, treatment and maintenance of new railings will need to address the issue of corrosion and the potential for physical damage from cycle parking and chains. Avoid implementing railings.

- Avoid specifying railings that will be prone to rust and physical damage leading to a need for repainting on a regular basis.

4.2.5 B Signage- The University of Bristol has a signage strategy which standardizes the signage

throughout all areas and which must be followed for the installation of all newsignage.

- These signs are clear to read and contemporary in style. Their consistency,identity and positioning makes them easy to use and find.

- Refer to the University of Bristol Signage Strategy for prescriptive design notes.

- Avoid excess signage/signage clutter.

4.0

Local characteristic walling

Square section railings

University strategy sign

Removable heritage bollardsand edging

4.0

4.2.5 C Lighting- The external lighting throughout the Precinct consists of a wide variety of

refurbished and new lamp columns.- Recently installed in Royal Fort Gardens and the surrounding area the lighting

units contribute to the conservation area location and provide good light distribution.

- Where appropriate new light units have been retrofitted to existing lamp columns to minimise disruption and to retain older more valuable columns.

- In areas where street lighting is adopted the columns and lamps are generally of a good standard.

- Wall mounted lights are often used successfully to reduce street clutter.This is beneficial and can be replicated. Styling should be appropriate to the local context.

- Avoid poor positioning of street furniture/signs/control boxes that cause unnecessary obstacles to pedestrians, cyclists and vehicle users.

4.2.5 D Cycle Parking- The location of cycle parking stands needs careful consideration in order for

them to be safe, secure and well used.This cycle parking area is over looked which aids security without overly contributing to street clutter. However,‘tucked away’ locations may be appropriate, if they are secure (e.g. for staff use only).

- Make sure stands are accessible, have adequate pedestrian access around them and the individual units are appropriately spaced for convenient use.

- Cycle parking should wherever possible aspire to contribute towards and meet the Bristol City Council Local Transport Plan objectives and the Council’s ‘Cycle Parking Standards’

- Also avoid a reduction in quantity of existing cycle parking provision and stepped accesses to cycle parking areas.

- Avoid cycle parking in locations where they would add to street clutter.

4.2.5 E Seating - There is generally an under-provision of suitable seating in the external

realm.- Notably the Royal Fort Garden has numerous timber seats of traditional

design that in the garden or historic context are appropriate in character and durability. Some are memorial seats and must be retained.

- New memorial benches may be required from time to time and the University Gardens and Grounds team have a specific policy for these (see Appendix F).

- Generally, selection of seating type should reflect the distinctive setting in which the seats are being introduced and user comfort.

- Seat choice will also need to reflect current BCC disabled access guidance- Locate seats in positions that will be attractive to users, where there are views,

around the edges of spaces for appreciation of activity within, at suitable intervals along paths at meeting places and at path nodes.These seats can be arranged singularly, facing one another, in semicircles or in alcoves for social interaction. Seat locations should also reflect microclimatic considerations.

- Avoid locations for seats where security or privacy would be a concern.

Well located cycle parking

Seating

Classic but modern light unit

NICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES16 University of Bristol External Realm Handbook


5.0 Precedents for External Realm Design in Bristol

5.1 Paving and road materials - Queens Square and Temple Meads Station forecourt

5.2 Street Trees - Area Adjacent to Queens Square

5.3 Street furniture and lighting - Temple Meads Station forecourt

5.4 Coordinated Street Furniture - Area Adjacent to Queens Square

5.5 Shrub and Herbaceous Planting - Various Highway Locations in Central Bristol

5.6 Street lighting and feature lighting - Various Locations Central Bristol

5.7 Tactile paving - Millennium Square

5.8 Handrails and Steps - Various Locations in Central Bristol

There are examples of well thought out external realm design and management in the City of Bristolwhich can also help to inform the developing external realm of the University of Bristol. Some goodexamples of external realm design and detailing have been highlighted here in order to assist in providingintegration and consistency with the wider City.

5.0

Geographical relationship between University Precinct and Bristol

5.0


5.1 Paving/Road Materials - Queens Square and Temple Meads Station Forecourt

- The layout of the peripheral roads and pavements of Queens Square exemplify a clearly designed materials hierarchy that reinforces the intended use of each area by the materials selected for the paved surfaces.

- It is not necessary for there to be numerous signs telling people how they should use the space because the design tells them.

- Roads are paved in smaller unit setts that have a rougher texture and a very robust construction.- Pavements are in the same material as the roads but laid in smooth slabs that are easy to walk on.- Crossing points are defined with drop kerbs, sensitively integrated tactile paving treatment and the

actual road crossing is a smooth surface in order to signify pedestrian priority and to facilitate access for all.

5.2 Street Trees - Thunderbolt Square

- The contemporary urban square near Queens Square incorporates several new street trees that are growing in pits formed in the pennant stone paving of the square.

- Resin bound aggregate surrounds the base of the trees to provide a permeable (for oxygen and water) but smooth surface suitable for walking over. Loose parts or trip hazards should be avoided.

- Resin bonded tree surrounds are generally not considered appropriate by the City Council for newtree planting as there is potential for young trees to be damaged by girdling.Tree grilles are preferred on all new trees until the tree reaches a diameter of 250mm, then the grille can be removed and reused and resin bound gravels surrounds used for the longer term.

- Street furniture and kerbs can often be used to afford further protection to street trees.- Avoid the use of brick pavers around trees as they tend to be easily lifted by roots and create trip hazards.

Street trees Tree pits Canopy

Materials heirarchy Definition of pedestrian crossing Drainage

5.0


5.3 Street furniture and lighting - Temple Meads Station forecourt

- The forecourt to Temple Meads Station is a very busy place where continuous pedestrian and vehicle movements take place.

- The street furniture, lighting and signage design are coordinated with one another and their colour and character complements the architectural detailing of the station and the museum,(former station).

- There is no more furniture or street side infrastructure than is absolutely necessary to allow theforecourt to function.

5.4 Co-ordinated Street Furniture - Area Adjacent to Queens Square

- The selection of robust street furniture of contemporary and complementary design.- The furniture is located with consideration given members of the public who will use the space.- The furniture is all the same colour which strengthens the visual unity of the space.- The furniture is all fixed in place and foundations and fixings which are unobtrusive and integrated

into the paving design.

Street lighting Seating Litter bin

Lighting Furniture Architectural context

5.0


5.5 Shrub and Herbaceous Planting - Various Highway Locations in Central Bristol

- Recent planting schemes around the city have been successful in creating informal borders of changing interest using a prairie-style mix of perennials, wildflowers and grasses.

- These are similar to the style already used within some gateway areas to the Precinct.- They create a sustainable and seasonally changing display of foliage and flowers.- Provide benefit to city wildlife through the seasons.

5.6 Street Lighting and Feature Lighting - Various Locations in Central Bristol

- Throughout the city a consistent approach to highway street lighting has been adopted. A variety of products of the same style have been used on many streets in Bristol.

- Many formal public open spaces in central Bristol contain feature street lighting that not only enlivens the space at night but also provide a sculptural quality that contributes to the identity of the space during the day.

- The creative illumination of buildings in the city at night not only emphasises the architectural qualities of building facades it also serves to raise the profile of the building and contributes to the night time activities of the city.

Uplighters Street lighting Feature lighting

Herbaceous Feature shrub/Herbaceous planting Planting protection

5.0


5.7 Tactile Paving - Millennium Square

- A good example of high quality tactile paving can be found at Bristol’s Millenium Square.- Ridged pennant stone is used here to warn pedestrians of a hazard ahead.- The differing tonal quality of the materials used helps to define the hazard to the visually impaired

without the automatic recourse to using pink/buff concrete slabs.

5.8 Handrails and Steps - Various Locations in Central Bristol

- A simple but effective stainless steel handrail is used on steps in Bristol City Centre.- The hills of the city of Bristol often dictate the use of steps and relatively steep gradients to enable

access and movement between areas of the city.- Simple detailing of robust railings and hand rails in the External Realm is important, as is the need

to resist cluttering spaces through over provision.- Appropriately designed nosing and visual markers help to define the edges of the step.

Crossing points Crossing points Tactile demarcation in paving

Steps with edge demarcation Contemporary hand rail Heritage

6.0


6.0 Introducing the External Realm Treatment Hierarchy

6.1 Design Response to Historic Character and Contemporary Architecture

6.2 Hierarchy

6.3 Hierarchy Diagram

6.4 The Specifications6.4.1 Standard Specification6.4.2 High Specification6.4.3 Premier Specification6.4.4 Heritage Components6.4.5 Adoptable Highway

6.1 Design Response to Historic Character and Contemporary Architecture

It is essential to gain an understanding of how the heritage character and historic elements of theUniversity fit into the overarching principles of this Handbook. For example, it may be as inappropriate tointroduce modern street furniture and lamp columns into the setting of a listed building as it would be toplace heritage design components adjacent to contemporary architecture. The Specification Hierarchy istherefore intended to accommodate these varied characters and briefs whilst allowing designers to besympathetic to the immediate design context.This specification section provides a framework and guidancefor individual project areas and does not intend to be prescriptive in terms of detailing.This section allows flexibility for designs to be developed further through the detailed planning stage and following further consultation.

It’s for the designer to consider and demonstrate how their selection has been informed by immediatecontext/Conservation Area considerations in BCC documents PAN 2 and 15 (including materials with a positive appearance nearby, suitable for intended use and harmonious with the adjacent materials inproposed and existing architecture (including, colour, texture and proportions).The need ‘to Preserve andEnhance’ the character of Conservation Areas must be sensitively balanced with the need to meet theobjectives of the City Councils SPD 5 requirements to demonstrate delivery of a sustainable buildingdesign and construction methods.

6.2 Hierarchy

Within The External Realm Framework document recommendations are made as to the appropriate levelof the hierarchy for the various spaces in the Precinct. The hierarchy outlined below is to be used indeveloping the design of the external realm and the specification levels are intended to be complimentaryand build upon one another. The higher specification areas can be expected to cost more and also havethe potential for the input of artists and specialist design (bespoke design) such as for lighting effect orwater to incorporate more varied and interesting design elements.

6.0


Product or material selection is achieved often through material and product recommendation and imagesand manufacturer details are provided where appropriate. Several selections are however based oncharacter traits common to several products rather than a specific product.Variation from these itemsspecified is only acceptable where a comparable or improved design/character/form can be demonstratedor where overriding design issues prevail, such as for adoption purposes or a change in relevant legislation.

The Specifications are identified as, ‘Standard’, ‘High’ and ‘Premier’. A further group of materials orcomponents selected for use in the vicinity of listed buildings are identified as ‘Heritage Components’.

6.3 Hierarchy Diagram

6.0


6.4 The Specifications

6.4.1 Standard Specification

The Standard Specification is aimed at bringing the Precinct up to a standard that is in accord with goodpractice design and current legislation. The external environment will be characterised by uncomplicated,robust materials and furniture that will meet the day to day needs of Precinct users, be compatible withthe wider city environment and compliment the High and Premier specifications.

6.4.2 High Specification

The High Specification is aimed at significant locations and routes in the Precinct and will enable thecreation of a high quality external environment with a strong sense of place. Materials and furniture willhelp to develop the unified Precinct character and opportunities for artistic intervention would usually beappropriate to reinforce conceptual and cultural links throughout the Precinct.

6.4.3 Premier Specification

The Premier specification is reserved for the most high profile locations within the Precinct (notablyTyndall Avenue and Tyndall Place,) and will create a superb external environment characterised by naturalmaterials, high quality street furniture and structures to create a real sense of occasion. Opportunities forartistic intervention are appropriate to reinforce conceptual and cultural links throughout the Precinct andmay be linked to the Centenary celebrations of the University Charter.

6.4.4 Heritage Components

These are products and materials which have been recommended within this handbook and have beenchosen to complement their setting whether that is respecting the historic context of the existing externalrealm or providing a modern setting for new developments. Designers will be expected to use thisinformation to prepare plans and specify appropriate materials or products based on character as well ascost. In some locations in the Precinct the overriding design context will be that of a listed building andhere the ‘Heritage Components’ may be more appropriate for use than other items suggested.

6.4.5 Adoptable Highway

Bristol City Council Adopted Highways form an integral part of the Precinct, and here additional designand construction standards must be applied from or developed in conjunction with the City Council whilstcontributing to the overall design ethos of the Precinct and the City.

6.0


6.5 Specification Summary Tables.

Specification Image Characteristics Example Product

Concrete Slab / Stone Flag Paving

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Square, concrete slab / flag paving in a grey or silver grey colour.

Checker board bond.

(Colour derived from natural aggregate content and not reliant on concrete pigment.)

Various products available from a range of manufacturers.

Eg Marshalls Conservation smooth ground concrete paving.

Tel: 08704 113344

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Stone Paving slabs, varying lengths, laid in rows across paving areas as existing.

Textured finish for main pedestrian areas. Other finishes available for selected areas.

Note dimensions of existing stone slabs.

Various available,

Forest of Dean Pennant Sandstone. Forest of Dean Stone Firms Ltd,

Tel: 01594562304

or

Marshalls York Stone.

Tel: 08704 113344

Tactile Paving - Concrete Materials

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Contrasting colour to main body of paving, tactile dimensions to British Standard. Slab size preferably to match main paving unit sizes.

Used to highlight road crossings, level changes and obstacles.

Various products available from a range of manufacturers.

Eg Marshalls.

Tel: 08704 113344

Tactile Paving – Natural Materials

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Contrasting colour, manufactured with tactile surface embossing or metal studs drilled and bonded into place.

Tactile dimensions to British Standard.

Marshalls for cut stone

Tel: 08704 113344

Machan engineering for stainless steel or brass studs

Tel: 01324 824 309

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Road Surface

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Asphalt / Macadam with bands and sections of stone setts at intervals

Selected natural stone chip treatment to surface with a clear binder.

Various products available from a range of suppliers

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Small units across the road perpendicular to the edge/drainage.

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Small unit stone sett or cobble paving. Predominantly for vehicle over run. Stretcher or Bogen bond laid against direction of travel.

Granite available from Marshalls. Tel: 08704 113344

Forest of Dean, Pennant Sandstone.

Forest of Dean Stone Firms Ltd, Bixslade Stone Works, Parkend.

Tel: 01594562304

Informal Pedestrian Crossing

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Combined flush paving with tactile units.

Shared Surfaces

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Asphalt flush with paving, with small unit drainage channel in between. Sections of asphalt between bands of small units.

Granite available from Marshalls. Tel: 08704 113344

6.0



Edging and Kerbs

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Metal kerbs to match existing traditional. Used at heavy trafficked areas and adjacent to heritage buildings

Iron kerbs, recycled or made by commission.

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Concrete kerbs used in situations other than those above, grey to match in colour to slabs, and in size to existing.

Hiigh recycled and natural aggregate content recommended.

Various products available from a range of manufacturers

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Pennant stone kerbs used to match the stone slabs used on pavements in these areas

Pennant stone recycled or available new from Royal Forest Pennant, recommend shot blasted finish.

Drainage

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Stone setts used in conjunction with kerb to form edge drainage channels leading to gully.

Pennant stone recycled or available new from Royal Forest Pennant, recommend shot blasted finish.

Line marking - Conservation Areas

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Colour - No.310 (primrose) or No.353 (deep cream)

Dimensions - 50 mm line width, 50 mm gap between lines


6.0



Drainage

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Drainage channels and covers for pedestrian area drainage.

Jones of Oswestry Tel: 01691 653251

Aqua-dish drainage gully.

Birco Linear Drains.

Flush Service Covers - pedestrian areas

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

When flush service covers are used in roads/pedestrian footpaths/cycle paths, they should offer a non-slip surface that exceeds the HSE recommended PTV range 36+.

Recessed Service Covers - Small

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Galvanised Steel recessed covers flush with surrounding surface and using the same units.

Orientation of sub surface chamber to relate to surface design.


Flush Service Covers - non pedestrian areas

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Iron, used for small scale inspection covers.

Naturally weathered.

Structural Science – • Class B125Pedestrian Grade• Class C250/D400Vehicle Gradewww.structuralscience.net/

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Seats

Standard

High

Premier

Heritage Component

Traditional style, robust timber, with or without intermediate arms.

Discreet anchor bolt fixings.

Streetmaster, Cavendish

Oak timber

Standard

High

Premier

Heritage Component

Simple style, mix of Metal and timber.

Opportunities for bespoke furniture items potentially procured through working with an Artist.

Britannia,

DEA Montseny.

FSC Hardwood, painted cast iron legs, stainless steel anchor bolts.

Standard

High

Premier

Heritage Component

Simple style, mix of Metal and timber.

Opportunities for bespoke furniture items potentially procured through working with an Artist.

Photo indicates an example of a bespokeseat.

FSC Hardwood, painted cast aluminium legs, stainless steel anchor bolts.

External litter/recycling bins

Standard

High

Premier

Heritage Component

A more deatiled specification is available as a sepreate item within the GPR.

Recessed Service Covers - Large

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Paving inset covers flush with surrounding surface and using the same units and paving pattern.

Covers are lockable and opening is mechanically assisted to compensate for weight.


www.bristol.ac.uk/ estates/gpr/structure- fabric/binspecification/

For illustration purposes only

6.0



Highways Lighting

Standard

High

Premier

Heritage Component

On adopted roads use products in accordance with the City council’s specification for highway lighting.

Phillips, Iridium lighting

Or Urbis ZX3

Street Lighting

Standard

High

Premier

Heritage Component

Traditional style lamp column, vandal resistant, integrate with existing. Grey lamp on new straight or refurbished traditional column.

Thorn, Legend classic post top lantern.

Die-cast aluminium, toughened flat glass, aluminium reflector. powder coated finish.

Feature Lighting

Standard

High

Premier

Heritage Component

Bespoke or suggested products to create bold statement lighting. Mixed materials, large columns, directional light.

Aubrilam Eagle or Albatros high masts

Timber and steel combination

Wall Mounted Lighting

Standard

High

Premier

Heritage Component

Wall mounted lighting should complement the architectural style of the building.

To be confirmed with BCC.

6.0



Walls

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Red random rubble walls to match existing.

Various

Signage

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

In keeping with University of Bristol signage strategy.

Refer to appendix.

Bollards

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

To match existing ‘Manchester’ style. Removable / lockable where appropriate. Polyurethane coated Black.

Broxap BX1539, Manchester.

Root fixed or removable where required.

Tel: 08704 113344

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Galvanised steel, powder coated black, column bollard with slightly domed top.

Marshalls Rhino bollard,RB101.


Tel: 08704 113344

6.0



Bollards

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Stainless steel column bollard with slightly domed top.

Marshalls Stainless Steel,Rhino bollard, RS001.


Tel: 08704 113344

Railings

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Galvanised Steel, powder coated black.

Angular design.

As used at University of Bristol, Queens Building Extension, University Walk.

Hand Rails

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Stainless steel railings and handrails, smooth lines.

Architectural Street Furnishings.

www.asfco.co.uk

Various manufacturers.

Decking

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Decking should offer (using non slip inserts) a preinstalled non-slip surface, that exceeds the HSE recommended PTV range 36+

John Brash Antislip Plus® timber decking boards www.johnbrash.co.uk/anti-slip-timber-decking/jb-antislip-plus/

6.0



Street Tree Surrounds / Protection

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

• Surface should allowfor tree growth and penetration of water/nutrients (permeable). Also note –o Compactionresistant growing medium required o Root barrierrecommended o Root-ball anchoring

Baseguard – colour to match surrounding environment www.baseguard.co.uk/index.html

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Recessed galvanized support frame with units inset to match adjacent paving, allows water to passes through and provides a smooth safe surface for pedestrians. Supported by root zone protection box.

Root-ball anchoring. Root barrier recommended.

Jones of Oswestry Arbor-slot, square tree surround with paving material inlaid.

Below ground root box size specified in relation to expected growth of tree.

Tel: 01691 653251

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Recessed galvanized grid with units inset to match adjacent paving, allows water to passes through and provides a smooth safe surface for pedestrians. Supported by root zone protection box.

Root-ball anchoring. Root barrier recommended.

Jones of Oswestry Arbor-slot, custom shape / size, tree surround with paving material inlaid.

Root box size specified in relation to expected growth of tree.

Tel: 01691 653251

Cycle Parking

Standard

High

Premier

HeritageComponent

Stainless Steel cycle racks, Sheffield style for on street locations,

Galvanised Steel cycle racks, Sheffield style for off street locations,

Where required, signage to be incorporated into stand design.


7.0


7.0 Technical Details and Design Guidance

7.1 Planting 7.1 A Existing Trees7.1 B Tree Planting7.1 C Hedge Planting 7.1 D Lawn Establishment 7.1 E Shrub Planting7.1 F Planting and aftercare

7.2 Hard surfaces7.2 A Pedestrian surfaces7.2 B Paving materials7.2 C Roads7.2 D Parking7.2 E Traffic calming7.2 F Crossing points

7.3 Street furniture7.3 A Bollards7.3 B Seating7.3 C Cycle Parking7.3 D Litter Bins7.3 E Signage7.3 F Lighting

7.4 CCTV and electrical services

7.5 Maintenance

7.1 Planting

The increase of biodiversity and retention of green space within the Precinct is considered a priority andwill be borne out through the design of new and the regeneration of old planting schemes.The many largetrees along Woodland Road contribute to the character of the Precinct and the continuity of thischaracter is desirable through replacement and ongoing age structure management.

7.1 A Existing Trees

- Existing trees in the University precinct are protected as they are located within City Conservation Areas.

- Generally, there is a strong presumption in favor of the retention of existing trees in all partsof the University Precinct, unless there is strong justification for removal or the tree is dead,dying or dangerous.

- Existing trees will need to be surveyed in accordance with BS5837:2005 or reference made to SPD 11 Appendices 2 and 13 in all project areas and a method statement for tree protection,during construction, prepared by a qualified member of the Arboricultural Association at the detailed planning stage.

7.0


- Replacement tree planting will need to be agreed, as compensation, with the City Council if any trees should need to be removed. It is City Council policy to locate trees on site, in the local vicinity.

- Native species tree replacements are preferred within the Royal Fort and species there should respect and reflect the design of the historic Humphrey Repton landscape.

- The approach to be adopted, if memorial trees need to be replaced, needs to reflect the policy of the University Gardens and Grounds team (contained within their ‘Tree Management Approach/Policy, at Appendix E)

- The University of Bristol has a developing Tree Management Approach document which providesa procedure for tree surgery works to maintain trees on the estate, in a safe condition.

- Note, due to the special protection afforded to trees within Conservation Areas (Section 211,Town and Country Planning Act 1990), planning applications need to be made for any works to trees and these will need to be processed in the normal statutory timeframe. Appropriate Area,Council Arboricultural Officers, should be consulted during any planning applications.

7.1 B Tree Planting

- Underground service checks will need to be undertaken to demonstrate the delivery of any new tree planting contained in planning applications.

- Some examples of good tree planting details have been included in this handbook, however,further examples are available from the Arboricultural Officers team and BCC planners, on request.

- See paragraph 5.2 above which makes reference to the use of resin bonded tree pit surfacing and other preferred street tree good practice.

- Opportunities should be sort to plant trees in soft rather than paved areas where this can be achieved and space allows.

- Trees in public areas should be planted at a girth that will prevent vandalism i.e. minimum 20 to 35cm in the busy areas and 16 to 18cm minimum girth, elsewhere. Away from public areas planting size can be half-standards or whips to aid establishment and tree stakes are more appropriate here, for support.

- In terms of the interaction of new trees with lighting, fewer, taller columns are often preferable as they tend to interfere less.

- Foundation designs need to be carefully coordinated with trees and root barriers may be required to protect services.

- Bristol City council have a preference for tree planting to be proposed at final size spacing, to avoid the need for thinning.

- Provide irrigation/aeration to the tree root zone especially where tree is within hard landscape areas. Irrigation is important during the establishment period.

- Root-zone compaction in paved areas should be avoided through the use of subsurface support structures. (i.e. rootboxes. See section 6.5)

- Underground root ball anchoring is favoured.Trees with a large canopy at the time of planting may benefit from crown reduction or additional temporary over ground support.

- Consider long-term maintenance aspects when selecting species.- New Tree planting will contribute to the Bristol City Council Objective of planting 10,000 new

street trees, over the next 10 years.- A range of species needs to be used across the University to avoid potential problems associated

with major losses in one species if attacked by disease.

7.0


- The University favors native planting in woodland areas and generally trees that will make a long term contribution in terms of wildlife, aesthetics and historic associations.The University Gardens and grounds team prefer larger or intermediate sized trees to small amenity trees.

- Further specific University policy guidance on tree planting and aftercare is contained at Appendix E.

- Note - Bristol City Council have a mechanism for adopting street trees in the public highway which can be explored, if relevant, to specific projects.

7.1 C Hedge Planting

- Hedge row establishment can often be assisted by incorporating a simple line of fencing within the hedge line to prevent trampling/shortcuts.

- Consider long term maintenance aspects when selecting species.- Trees planted in combination with hedges can be a space efficient and a effective maintenance

method for achieving green elements in hard landscape areas.- Native cultivars should be selected when these are suitable for the specific location.

7.1 D Lawn Establishment

- Lawn should be provided in areas that are accessible and of a shape and size conducive to the pattern of use and maintenance regime.

- Generally in summer high levels of use of lawns can be expected and a suitable seed mix should be selected.

- Access to lawn areas should be restricted during initial establishment periods and after periodic repair work has been undertaken.

- Proposed lawns need to be of a suitable size, location and form to ensure their long-term viability and continued contribution to the character of areas of the Precinct.

7.1 E Shrub Planting

- Robust evergreen species should be used to provide year round structure in conjunction with other varied plating to create seasonal interest.

- Select plant species that require minimal maintenance while providing appropriate texture, form and colour for the context.

- Choose species to suit their situation in terms of soils, microclimate, orientation and architectural context.

- The University Gardens and Grounds Maintenance Team will usually be responsible for ongoing maintenance and management and can be consulted at the design stage.They may also be willing to undertake new planting works.

- When areas of shrub planting on the Precinct become over grown, reinstatement or heavy management may be required to rejuvenate the area.

- Consideration should be given where appropriate to the potential for wildlife benefit and increasing biodiversity within the Precinct.

- Planting design should be inspired by the character of the location.- New shrub planting will need to be integrated in appropriate locations, shrub planting

should also be sized, to maintain the visibility required for security or safe access.

7.0


7.1F Planting & aftercare (also see Appendix G)

- When contractors are involved in planting, provision for aftercare for the first 2 years mustbe incorporated into the contract/tender.

- Contractors are expected to carry out a service check (underground & over ground) before locating planting pits. Employ ‘root deflectors’ in planting pits to protect vulnerable building infrastructure

- Tree planting should take into account other potential landscape uses (including herbaceous borders & water features) which may be mutually exclusive

- Heavy to standard nursery stock, when planted in paved and high profile areas, will beprotected by tree guards and/or tall tree stakes. In other areas, generally, trees will beplanted as half standard to whips

- Ideally trees will not be set within hard surfaces; however if it is necessary the tree will beprovided with suitable root protection and non trip surface (such as a grating system)around newly planted street trees. Resin bounded surfaces are not deemed beneficial tothe short and long term health of the trees

7.0


7.2 Hard surfaces

Where existing stone pavement/kerbs and setts exist and contribute to the character and appearance ofthe conservation area it would usually be appropriate to retain or improve through recycling and relayingthe natural materials as part of the scheme. Additional recycled stone materials may also be availablelocally.The design of paving and roads should be strongly influenced not just by character considerationsbut best current disabled access criteria including these contained in Bristol City Councils EnvironmentalAccess Standards (2006) http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Community-Living/Equality-Diversity/environmental-access-standards-2006/

7.2 A Pedestrian surfaces

- Non slip, non trip and DDA compliant surfaces are required.- Pavement widths should be generally as wide as possible. Locations in the Precinct experience

heavy pedestrian movements, on a daily basis to and from the Precinct and within the Precinct.- Where access to all is not possible by direct route, information regarding alternative routes

should be provided.- Generally recycled setts are not appropriate for exclusively pedestrian areas.

7.2 B Paving materials

- The choice of paving materials and arrangement will need to be informed by the guidanceand requirements contained with Bristol City Councils SPD 5 - Sustainable Building Designand Construction.Whilst sustainability issues are an important consideration this needs tobe balanced with, budget aspirations, the functions of the space and a need to respect, retain and strengthen local character.As part of this process, it is important to consider those materials thatare predominant and distinctive within each Conservation Area.

- Paving slabs to be laid at right angles to the kerb or primary direction of movement, usually starting from the kerb edge. Ideally slabs should not be cut to less than half full size.

- High standards of workmanship in the laying of paving materials is essential, appropriately experienced contractors must be used where natural materials are required.

- Simple paving treatment is often more visually appealing.- Historic materials are generally to be retained and where necessary repaired and reinstated to

a condition that renders the surface fit for purpose and to maintain the specific character of the location.

- Any stone paving that is removed needs to be carefully stockpiled and stored to enable re use.- Use will need to be made of both locally sourced new quarried stone and recycled or reclaimed

stone across the project areas.The use of different stone types in combination will need to be carefully handled and specified to maintain an acceptable aesthetic appearance.

- In selecting proposed materials detailed consideration will need to be given to colour, texture,dimension, natural aggregate content, banding pattern and the use of traditional materials used in a traditional way.

7.0


7.2 C Roads

- Utilise design guidance in the ‘Manual For Streets’ 2007 in the design and quality audit of new and refurbished roadways.

- Consider marking roads narrower on the approach to pedestrianised areas to help slow vehicles.

- Road markings should be minimised.“Confine road markings to those essential for highway safety” (Streets For All, Principles of Good Practice, www.english-heritage.org.uk)

- “Avoid discordant colours of paving and road markings” (Save our Streets, English Heritage,2004.)

- All road markings, where necessary, should be in compliance with Conservation Area guidelines.

- Selection of surface materials in areas needed to accommodate vehicle movements must be madewith regard to function, durability and aesthetics.

- Materials and detailing need to be selected in relation to context and anticipated activity/use.

7.2 D Parking

- Parking allowance is to be in accordance with the University Transport and Travel Plans.- Mark where parking is permitted rather than where it is not.- Disabled parking should be given high priority.

7.2 E Traffic calming

- Traffic calming measures where required should be an integral park of the design process and their design should contribute to the reduction of street clutter by keeping traffic calming measures and signs to the minimum required.

7.2 F - Crossing points

- Shared surfaces areas should be level with pedestrian only surface but clearly defined through colour and texture.

- Narrow the road at pedestrian crossings to reduce distance between pavements.- Consider changing paving unit size to highlight crossing points.- Refer to details in BCC EAS 2006.

7.0


7.3 Street furniture.

Street furniture should not restrict pedestrian movement on footways. The design style should be inkeeping with the context, i.e. of a listed or contemporary building and where it is appropriate consider theretention of existing street furniture where it contributes to the local character. There should be an activeprogramme of replacement and renewal of unused or inappropriate furniture in combination with theremoval of inappropriate and damaged elements across the Precinct.

7.3 A Bollards

- The need for bollards can be minimised at the design stage.- Where they are required they need to be clearly visible to pedestrians and vehicle users.- It is not always appropriate to lift heavy/removable bollards and automated lowering bollards

should be considered for key locations.

7.3 B Seating

- Seats and benches should be suitable for use by all.- Seat design or the immediate surroundings of the seat (ie cobbled paving,) may deter

skateboard use which may cause damage.

7.3 C Cycle Parking

- Significant provision for cycle parking is necessary on the Precinct.- Locate cycle parking in well lit areas with natural surveillance close to main entrances/Precinct

destinations.- Allow adequate access to and space between the cycle parking stands.- Sheltered or secure cycle parking areas may be required and their design and integration within

the external realm needs to be co-ordinated with the surrounding buildings and street spaces without dominating the space.

7.3 D Litter Bins

- Located near to building entrances and near to areas of seating. For ease of emptying, bins are ideally located close to a vehicle route.

- Cigarette adapted bins, where provided, are to be located at least 4m away from doorways to meet with the University’s policy on smoking.

7.0


7.3 E Signage

- All new signage within the Precinct should conform to the University of Bristol’s signage strategy.Highway signage requiring replacement will usually need to comply with Bristol City Council adoption standards.

- Combine street signs where possible to reduce street clutter.- The design of the space should indicate its intended use rather than relying on signage.- Redundant signage is to be removed.- Where Precinct development phases require new additional signs the interface with existing

University and City wide signage should be considered.

7.3 F Lighting

- Consider lighting schemes for key buildings and areas to enhance the external realm during the hours of darkness.

- Where up-lighters are placed in the ground, the design and position of the light unit is to be appropriate for the surface use and the beam should be at an angle and direction so as to illuminate the featured object/structure.

- Light unit design and character should be considered in relation to context and location.

7.0


7.4 CCTV and electrical services

- In the University, cameras are generally located near building access points. Currently there is nota requirement to provide full area surveillance.The policy emphasis at the University is on a manned presence in key strategic areas.

- CCTV locations are best when integrated with lighting columns or signage or mounted on buildings in order to reduce clutter in the external realm.

- Tree planting and camera locations need to be carefully coordinated if both have to coexist.- The control units required by electrical infrastructure in the external realm should be minimised

in size where possible and where necessary the specific location of the unit should not become an obstacle to the intended use and appearance of the space. Colour and material selection of units must be sensitively coordinated with the surroundings in each case.

- Other electrical service provision, such as control units for highway lighting need to be located so as not to obstruct footways.

- Requirements for and coverage of CCTV should be determined at an early stage to avoid potential conflicts with proposals for tree planting.

- Consultation with the City ‘Secure by Design’ Police liaison officer is recommended.- Existing services, to be retained, need to be surveyed to inform proposals at the planning

application stage.- Any new inspection surface level inspection covers should be located to fall within paved areas

to avoid the intrusion of such features in grass areas or planting beds.

7.5 Maintenance

- Broken or missing paving units should be replaced to match existing as soon as possible.They should be made safe in the intervening period.

- Any items that need replacing should be replaced in accordance with the Handbook Specificationrecommendations for that area and in accordance with ‘as built drawings’.

- Regular routine inspection is needed to maintain quality and safety.- Continue to identify and remove redundant items.- Landscape maintenance may be undertaken by the University Gardens and Grounds Maintenance

Team as part of their coordinated asset management programme.

8.0

Extract from External Realm Framework


8.0 Consideration of Temporary/Construction Phase Impacts on the External Realm

8.1 Aims of Development

8.2 Short term problems caused by construction8.2.1 Changes to established routes and destinations8.2.2 Noise8.2.3 Vehicle movements

8.3 Strategies for coping with construction on the doorstep8.3.1 Coordination between design teams and construction sites8.3.2 Temporary solutions8.3.3 Communication and Information

8.1 Aims of Development

The development of the Precinct in line with SPD 11 and the External Realm Framework will substantiallyimprove the external realm of a significant portion of the Precinct making it safe, attractive and legible toall users. This process will take some time and the central areas of the Precinct will be affected byconstruction activities which are likely to cause inconvenience to members of the University and thegeneral public at some time during the process.

Recessed lighting

1 Tyndall Place2 Tyndall Avenue3 University Walk East4 University Walk West5 Royal Fort Gardens6 Royal Fort House Courtyards & Children’s

Hospital Site7 Stepped pedestrian link between University Walk and

Woodlands Road8 Cantock Steps and links to Royal Fort Gardens9 Chemistry Square 10 Rodway Cloister and links between School of

Chemistry,Woodlands Road and St Michaels Hill 11 Wills Square & steps to Woodlands Road12 Queens building roof terrace.13 Baptist College Courtyard and Boundary Treatments14 Woodland Rise and Southern Precinct Lanes15 Woodland Road16 Faculty of Arts, Faculty of Social Science and routes

around Osborne Villas

11

9

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10

12

13

15

15

16

1410

10

8.0


8.2 Short term problems caused by construction

This selection of impacts is intended to highlight the potentially most troublesome impacts.

8.2.1 Changes to established routes and destinations

In order to complete the full extent of proposed works to new and existingbuildings and external realm, some well established pedestrian and vehicularroutes will be temporarily or permanently affected leading to the need fordiversions of routes and movement of entrances from time to time. Thesechanges are coordinated by SPD 11 and the External Realm Framework and willultimately result in improved accessibility and movement around the Precinctfor all users.

8.2.2 Noise

Construction managers will need to consider their immediate surroundings andthe programming issues associated with vibration and noisy constructionactivities will require particular attention.This planning will need input fromUniversity staff. Where construction sites are adjacent to residences, lecturetheatres, sensitive laboratories and exam rooms, special consideration will need to be given to the phasing and timing of noisy activities.

8.2.3 Vehicle movements

Construction sites depend upon regular and sizable deliveries of materials andequipment. In particular the safe movement of vehicles to and from sites needsconsideration so as to avoid traffic and safety issues.This could be particularlyproblematic when considering the cumulative impacts of several constructionsites in close proximity.The safety of pedestrian and other University usersneeds to be considered strategically and methods for achieving thiscommunicated effectively.

Site hoarding

Temporary signage

Restricted access

8.0


8.3 Strategies for coping with construction on the doorstep

8.3.1 Coordination between design teams and construction sites

It will be necessary for thorough and regular coordination to take place both during the planning and construction stages. Coordinating information and procedures must be effectively disseminated to all those affected.

8.3.2 Temporary solutionsWhere routes and accessibility is to be affected by construction activities, appropriate diversions and access points should be established to facilitate the ongoing functioning of the University.

8.3.3 Communication and Information

8.3.3 A Where temporary impacts are unavoidable information should be provided in the form oftemporary signage explaining the nature and expected duration of the impact.Where appropriate the contact details of those responsible for the works or those coordinating the works in the University Estates Department should be provided.

8.3.3 B It may be helpful if the final aims of the various construction projects were described (in layman’s terms) along with approximate programme and expected impacts to the public and members of the University.This may take the form of an annual communication from the Estates Department though established University Publications to highlight and disseminate important information to those affected.

Example of Public Information Leaflet, Liverpool City Centre Movement Strategy

9.0


9.0 Example External Realm Design Process

This summary list is included to outline some of the considerations necessary in preparing project briefsand designs for external realm projects. It is not intended to be exhaustive but is included in thisdocument to demonstrate some of the key stages and considerations necessary.

Engagement of appropriate Professional Design Consultants.Contracts of appointment in accordance with University and Professional guidelines.

What is the project purpose?Identification through SPD 11 and the External Realm Framework.

What will help refine the brief?External Realm Framework, Specification and Architectural brief and design concepts, University Estates Department.

What is the budget?Capital budget allocation from University Estates Department and Project Team.

What is the site boundary?What is the context of the adjacent sites within Precinct?What are the adjacent sites outwith Precinct?

Outline/Sketch Design.Context and Site Analysis, including Historic and Cultural influences.Developing Scheme Design through The External Realm Framework and SPD 11.Design stage consultations and feedback.Statutory consultees and the Planning Approvals process.

Detail Design and Production Information.Refer to this document The External Realm Handbook.

Procuring the Works.Procurement contracts and contract management.Temporary/Construction stage effects of construction works.Provisions for on going Management and Maintenance,Adoption by Local Authority.

10.0


10.0 References

Supplementary Planning Document number 11, Strategic Masterplan,Adopted by Bristol City Council, July2006

Manual for Streets; Department of transport,Thomas Telford Publishing, 2007.

Responsive Environments, a manual for designers; Bentley,Alcock, Murrain, McGlynn, Smith,Architectural Press, 1985.

Streets for all South West; English Heritage, March 2005.

Save our streets; English Heritage, October 2004.

Disability Discrimination Act 2005.

Building legible Cities;Andrew Kelly, Bristol Cultural Development Partnership, 2001.

www.bristollegiblecity.info

Streetscape Manual, Bath and North-East Somerset,Adopted 2005.

Liverpool – The Big Dig.

Bristol City Councils Environmental Access Standards (2006)http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Community-Living/Equality-Diversity/environmental-access-standards-2006


Appendices

University of Bristol External Realm HandbookNICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES

A. University of Bristol Accessibility Statement

University of Bristol External Realm Handbook NICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES

1

STRATEGIC ACCESS STATEMENT 27th February 2006

Developed in support of the University Strategic Masterplan – SPD11

1. Introduction

The University is committed to a policy of equality, inclusion and accessibilityin the delivery of its services to students, members of the public, and in theemployment opportunities afforded to existing and future employees. TheUniversity fully recognizes the individual abilities of its staff, student andmembers of the public, and is active in ensuring that any potential sources ofdiscrimination are addressed in the physical attributes of the buildings itdevelops and uses.

This statement document has been produced in support of the University’sproposals for development as set out in its strategic masterplan, SPD11. It setsthe strategy which will be used to inform the design process within eachindividual building following adoption of the masterplan by Bristol CityCouncil.

2. Relevant Legislation

The University acknowledges that the proposed masterplan developmentpresents issues relating to accessibility and inclusion which will need to beaddressed if the obligations imposed on them by the Disability DiscriminationAct 1995 (DDA) as employers (Part II), service providers (Part III), in theprovision and delivery of educational opportunities (Part IV and the SpecialEducational Needs and Disability Act 2001), and as developers of newbuildings (Part M of the Building Regulations 2004) are to be met.

The University is very familiar with the issues raised from the diversity ofcultures and languages of the people using its facilities, and is fully aware ofthe consequent obligations on it, both as employers and service providers.These obligations are already being addressed by positive actions to maximiseparticipation. These include the appropriate communication of informationabout the opportunities at Bristol University, its facilities and managementpractices in formats which meet the diverse needs of the population. Whereappropriate, the University will increase the potential understanding ofinformation with site specific measures, such as increased levels ofappropriately designed symbols and pictograms.

The designers of the developments following the adoption of the masterplanwill be encouraged to work to the latest legislation and good practice guidance

2

on accessibility available at the design and construction stages. These will include, for example, BS 8300:2001 (Design of Buildings and their Approaches to Meet the Needs of Disabled People), the Building Regulations Part B (Fire Safety), Part M (Access to and Use of Buildings) and Part K (Protection from Falling, Collision and Impact), and BS 5588 - Part 8 (Fire Precautions in the Design, Construction and Use of Buildings).

How the design, the provision of features and facilities, and the selection of materials will influence any obligations imposed by other legislation affecting the on-going management of the facility (such as the Occupiers Liability Acts 1957 and 1984, the Human Rights Act: 1998 and The Equal Treatment Directive 1975 - Amended 2002), will also be taken into consideration.

Other good practice guidance to be considered will include: The Sign Design Guide – a guide to inclusive signage (JMU Access Partnership and The Sign Design Society), The Code for Lighting 2001 (Society of Light and Lighting - CIBSE), the Department for Transport (Inclusive Mobility), the ODPM (Planning and Access for Disabled People), and DRC Codes of Practice.

3. Consultation:

The University is committed to a policy of obtaining information and first-hand experiences from users and potential users, and those organisationsrepresenting them. There is an established disability working group throughwhich policy issues are discussed and long term plans for accessimprovements are developed. Consultation will form an important part of theinformation gathering process at all stages of the development of themasterplan and the level to which it will be used will be clearly identified inthe development of access statements at later stages. In addition theUniversity will consult with members of the City’s relevant access committeesduring the early concept stages, particular emphasis will be given to urbanlandscape design.

4. Representation:

The University will ensure that its design consultants have sufficient access tosuitably qualified Access Consultants (AC) to work within the team. The roleof the AC will be to assist the design process in the selection of materials,finishes and equipment that will have an impact on the long term accessibility.The AC will also advise, when appropriate, on how selection decisions mayaffect The University’s ‘evolving duty’ and long term obligations placed onthem as service providers, employers and educators under the DDA and otherassociated legislation.

4.1 Operational Arrangements:

Within its existing portfolio of buildings and environments, The Universitycurrently carries out several structured programmes of review for compliancewith legislation related to health and safety and fire precautions. TheUniversity is committed to developing and enforcing on-going structured

3

reviews of any issues related physical barriers, management practices and procedures which may affect accessibility. The University is also committed to ensuring that the stringent levels of inspection, reporting, feedback and action associated with those areas of health and safety and fire regulations it is responsible for, are applied and linked to an on-going accessibility strategy.

4.2 Effective On-going Management:

Regular access audits, linked to inspections for fire precautions, health and safety and risk assessment are carried out by staff suitably qualified in accessibility and inclusion related issues. Accessibility issues which require on-going review are also linked to the long term maintenance programmes.

Management processes are already in place which ensure the regular testing and replacement of specialist equipment such as induction loops and mechanical lifting devices. Any new facilities will be embraced within these existing processes.

Feedback on matters related to accessibility will be sought from the population within the University and, where appropriate, their visitors and other users of the site.

5. The Use of Access Statements

The principles of inclusive design will be adopted for all development andrefurbishment projects. An access statement will be prepared for each project.

The access statement will aim to explain how the needs of disabled people andeveryone else are integrated into the design and arrangements of the scheme,and how the principle of inclusive design has been implemented into thescheme.

The access statement will commence at the project brief stage as an expressionof the University’s intent, and expand as the project develops to encompassplanning, design, management and maintenance requirements.

The access statement will be used to demonstrate to the various statutorycontrol bodies that the University has fully considered access requirementsand how it will meet them and that it recognises its legal duties.The University will ensure that the following key elements are included as partof access statements, and where applicable has provided details of its generalpolicy and estate issues relevant to the design considerations.

5.1 External Environment

The external environment is the area outside of the property and its grounds.Consideration will be given to the main routes to and from other facilities andpublic transport within the precinct including pathways, obstacles, lighting,signage, etc.

4

5.2 Approach to Buildings

Consideration will be given to the construction of the pathways and use of various surface materials, dropped kerbs, tactile paving, parking and drop-off points for cars.

5.3 Entrances

Entrances should be located in a logical relationship to the accessible routes that serve it. Consideration will be given to signage, lighting, contrast etc. Ideally, automated entrance doors should be provided. Where security is required to prevent unwanted access, means of access should be located in a position suitable to all users. Where required reception areas should be strategically positioned in clear view of the entrance door, well signed and easily identifiable. Access control (including out of hours access) shall be fully detailed.

5.4 Student Accommodation

The University currently has a number of adapted study bedrooms for wheelchair bound users as well as those with hearing difficulties. The University’s room allocation policy allows for the needs of an individual to be taken into account, prior to commencing residence at the University.

Future development of student accommodation will take into account both the anticipated demand for adapted rooms as well as the suitability of locations around the estate.

Adapted bedrooms will include an en-suite adapted shower and w.c. facilities, and ideally be located in a mixed environment of both adapted and standard rooms. Within self catering accommodation, kitchens shall be adapted and be suitable for use by wheelchair users. Access to other amenities such as laundries and social facilities shall be provided and, where reasonably practical, access to other units of accommodation provided to ensure social interaction.

5.5 Internal Design and Layout

The layout and design of internal spaces should take into account the following access elements:

Corridors Stairs Ramps Handrails Lifts Offices Meeting rooms, class rooms and lecture theatres Accessible w.c.'s Furnishings and fittings

5

Surfaces Signage Lighting, colour, tonal and contrast

5.6 Emergency Egress

An accessible environment is one in which people can not only enter safely but one which they can reach a place of safety in the event of an emergency.

Consideration shall be given to the provision of evacuation lifts in all new build schemes. Refuge areas should be provided throughout as a back up system, regardless of whether or not the lifts meet BS 5588: Part 5. Ideally these would not be situated next to the alarm system. A communication system should be provided within the refuge area.

5.7 Technology

The use of technology to assist the visually impaired and hearing impaired should be considered, including such items as:

Talking information systems Induction loops and infrared systems Audio description devices Textphones and minicoms Vibrating pager alarms.

6. Staff Development and Training:

Staff training in disability awareness, the testing and use of specialisedequipment (such as induction loops, personalised lighting and communicationequipment) is undertaken as part of The University’s current on-going staffdevelopment programme.

F:\Bursar\PROJECTS\precinct development\public consultation\responses\Strategic Access Statement.doc

B. University of Bristol Security Policy


APPROACH TO SAFETY AND SECURITY August 2007

Developed in support of the University Strategic Masterplan – SPD11

A subtlety of approach is required in order to marry the need for the University’s Estate to be secure and safe with the desire for the space around buildings to be open to the general public. This Urban Realm Framework attempts to provide the basis for this approach; however the detailed design of each area will be the means by which the conflict between openness and security will be tackled.

As a basic principle the Public is welcomed to visit the Urban Realm of the University surrounding its buildings. External areas that the public may not access will be limited, and will be obvious, e.g. areas where operations make it difficult for safety to be maintained – loading and waste management areas for example. Some buildings are open to public functions, e.g. the Wills Memorial Building, but in general access within buildings is restricted to members of staff and students of the University. The University wishes its overall urban realm to feel “safe” for anyone passing through it or staying to enjoy the environment created by the landscape. Careful attention to the design of pathways, lighting and planting will be exercised to ensure that a safe feel is created without this making the University feel like a “floodlit” arena. Particular attention will be given to high density planted areas along the main access routes. After dusk these areas can be very “shadowy” and add to a feeling of threat.

Entrances to buildings are actively managed by in-house Portering staff in order to maintain overall security of University buildings, the same staff will help guide visitors to areas that they are permitted to access.

Discrete technology is used in order to create a secure envelope around buildings so that security is maintained without the need for major, obvious, outward signs. This technology rapidly detects breaches of security and acts as a deterrent to criminals who may otherwise target University buildings and surrounding property.

The University operates a 24 hour Security Patrol service and its officers carry out regular high visibility patrols. This, in addition to good design, will provide reassurance to visitors to the precinct and will also serve as a deterrent to potential threat.

Around the University there are a number of CCTV cameras that assist in keeping the University secure. These cameras are usually mounted at high level so as to be discrete, but have the capability of picking up street level activity. These cameras are located according to the University’s own operational risk assessment, which is reviewed from time to time. The information that is stored from the use of these cameras is governed both by the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000. A code of practice (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/securityservices/cctvcodeofpractice/#Public) governs the use of CCTV around the University and is available for the public to see via the University’s web site.

C. University of Bristol Signage Strategy


University of BristolSignage guidelines

Senate House

Physics

The Hawthorns

Arts

Social Sciences

Mathematics

Medical Sciences

Behind the University of Bristol Signage

Scheme is a simple aim – to make the

University Precinct more ‘legible’ and welcoming

to visitors and the University community.

The scheme is about communicating the right

information at the right place and creating an

integrated wayfaring system for pedestrians, riders

and drivers. It is about getting from A to B and

on to C as easily and efficiently as possible with

the aid of clear, accurate, high quality information.

This guide enables anyone involved in the provision

of signs to follow a carefully thought-through

approach to their design, production and installation.

Introduction

CONTENTS

1 Philosophy

2 Hierarchy

2.1 Orientated map panel

2.2 Directional fingerpost

2.3 Main building sign

2.4 Department and number

2.5 Number

2.6 Foyer directory

2.7 Wayfinding signs

3 Precinct areas

3.1 Precinct symbols

4 Branding

4.1 Colour

4.2 Typeface

4.3 UoB logo

5 Materials, finishes

and fixings

6 Sign location

7 DDA compliance

8 Preferred suppliers

1 Philosophy

The City of Bristol has an award-winning signage system (part of

the Bristol Legible City initiative) which has become a model for

other city-centre schemes in the UK. The University’s signage

scheme has been designed to complement, and have strong

visual associations with, the Bristol Legible City signs. The linkage

between the schemes reflects the close relationship between

town and gown and should be helpful to visitors to the University.

The University signs have been designed as a family, with each

element supporting the others and creating a stronger University

brand across the Precinct.

2 Hierarchy

The Signage Scheme works as a hierarchy, taking people from a

broad understanding of the geography of the Precinct to the location

of particular buildings and areas within them. It is intended to be

readily understood by first-time visitors and by students, staff and

alumni. The hierarchy comprises these elements:

i. Precinct area

ii. Road / Street

iii. Building name / Department

iv. Floor

v. Room / Individual’s title

It is not necessary to apply all the above information to every sign.

However, the information used always follows the suggested order.

Senate House

Physics

The Hawthorns

Arts

Social Sciences

Mathematics

Medical Sciences

2.1 Orientated Precinct

map panel on a directional

fingerpost: positioned on

main arterial routes.

2.1

2.2 Directional fingerpost:

positioned at points

where secondary

wayfinding is required.

2.3 Main building:

positioned either in

front of, or directly

on, key buildings.

2.4 Department + number:

positioned either in front

of, or directly on,

departmental buildings.

2.5 Number: positioned on

the building exterior by

the main entrance.

Senate House

Physics

The Hawthorns

Arts

Social Sciences

Mathematics

Medical Sciences

Senate House

Physics

The Hawthorns

Arts

Social Sciences

Mathematics

Medical Sciences

TYNDALL AVENUE

Central administration and general enquiries

Senate House

12 PRIORY ROAD

Mary Paley Building

Main Entrance and C Block

Social Sciences and LawEconomics

17ST MICHAEL’S PARK

There are seven primary signage types:

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6 Foyer directory: a slatted

sign positioned inside each

building entrance.

NOTE: to aid the user and

maintain a uniform look, it

is recommended that one

signage system is used

throughout a building

rather than different

approaches floor by floor.

2.7 Floor/area directory:

slatted signs positioned

at wayfinding points

within each building.

Avionics Laboratory

Vice-Chancellor’s Room

Workstation laboratory 1.19

Dynamics Link Area

Electrical Teaching Laboratory

Staff Common Room

Aerospace Department Office

Central Design Office

Classroom 0.73

Design Studios 1 & 2

Earthquake Link Area

Graphic Design Unit

L Hydraulics Laboratory

Workshop and Laboratories

M Junior Common Room

Library

Mechanical Dept office

Rooms 2.1-2.62

BLADE Seminar Room

Civil Department Office

Classrooms 1.7-1.8, 1.59-1.60

Engineering Maths Department Office

Engineering Maths PC Laboratory

Faculty Office – General Enquiries

Lecture Theatres 1.15, 1.18

MEng Design Laboratories

PC Laboratory 1.16

Postgraduate Office

Pugsley Lecture Theatre

Andrew Robertson Room

2

Ground floor

1

Queen’s BuildingCANTOCK

ENGINEERINGSecondFirst

MezzanineLower Ground

Ground

i

iG

Earthquake Link

Ground floor

Design PC Lab

Exit

Ground floor

Design PC Lab

Design Studios

Aerospace HOD Office

Aerospace Dept Office

Graphic Design Unit

Classroom 0.73

Earthquake Link

2.6

2.7

3 Precinct areas

In order to add cohesion to the disparate parts of the University,

the Precinct has been divided into five areas. Bounded by the

main arterial roads, each area is named, colour-coded and has an

identifying symbol to simplify wayfinding. This coding is carried

across all primary signage types.

Precinct map: as seen

on the orientated precinct

map looking north.

3.1 Precinct symbols: used

in conjunction with the

precinct area colour.

Important aid for those with

defective colour vision.

Cantock Royal Fort Tyndall Woodland Wills Pantone: 260 Pantone: 349 Pantone: 2747 Pantone: 166 Pantone: 187

Vinyl: Avery 868 Vinyl: Avery 734 Vinyl: Avery 852 Vinyl: Avery 848 Vinyl: Avery 770

BS: 24 C 39 RAL: 6029 RAL: 5002 RAL: 2004 RAL: 3001

4.1 Colour

The starting point for all

the primary signage is the

area colour, identifying

approximately where in

the Precinct the person is

located. The area symbol

appears white on the area

colour. In most instances,

all other information will

appear as black type on

a white background. For

colour specification, refer

to 3.1 Precinct symbols.

4.2 Typeface

Helvetica Neue is the

University’s signage

typeface, selected for

its legibility and flexibility.

Different weights can

be used to illustrate the

signage hierarchy. The

use of italicised faces is

not recommended.

4 Branding

It is very important to create consistent branding to maintain and

strengthen the University’s image. The Precinct area colours 3.1 plus

black and white form the complete signage colour palette. The only

typeface used is Helvetica Neue. The University of Bristol logo is

applied in its principal colours. The Precinct symbols appear on every

sign. There is no deviation from these basic principles.

Queen’s BuildingCANTOCK

ENGINEERING

TYNDALL AVENUE

Computer Centre

35 Helvetica Neue Thin abcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890

45 Helvetica Neue Light abcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890

55 Helvetica Neue Roman abcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890

65 Helvetica Neue Medium abcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890

75 Helvetica Neue Bold abcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890

85 Helvetica Neue Heavy abcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890

4.3 University of Bristol logo

The University logo appears

on all external building

signs in its principal

colours of red and black

on a white background.

(It is advised that additional

logos do not appear on

external building signs.)

The University logo is

placed in the left-hand

bottom edge of signs.

The minimum isolation

area around it is always

respected. (Refer to Visual

Identity guidelines at

www.bris.ac.uk/cms/

pro/visualidentity)

An example of the

typographic fonts and

weights used together

with the position formula

on a main building sign.

ROYAL FORT

Institute for Advanced StudiesRoyal Fort Annexe

Minimum isolation area

Vinyl specificationfor University logo

Gloss Black

Avery 770

HELVETICA NEUE 55 CAPS

Helvetica Neue 55 RomanHelvetica Neue 55

m 1200mm

650mm

Front faceCap = 1/4 of x

s

s

s

y

y

zz

x

x

5 Materials, finishes and fixings

The choice of materials has been carefully considered so that the

appearance of the signage reflects positively on the identity of the

University. Use of good quality finishes and materials will ensure

longevity and a lasting smart appearance. The system requires

durable materials and fixings that will minimise vandalism, facilitate

easy changes to graphics and be low on maintenance.

Annotated sign:

shows suggested

materials, finishes

and fixing methods.

650mm

200mm1200mm

2 x 50mm square profile postsAluminium posts, powder coated silver finished with anti-vandal gloss lacquer

Ground level

Vinyl type and coloured blocks are applied to panels and then finishedwith anti-vandal lacquer

Formed aluminium panel, stove enamelled white

Sign panels secured using rivetsthrough sign trays

50mm

Front face

Top

Double sided

Avery 800PF series (852 Sapphire Blue)

Avery 700 series (770 Red)

Gloss Black

850mm from paved surface

TYNDALL AVENUE

Arts and Social Sciences Library

{

Sign Design Guide

The following book is

recommended reading

for DDA compliance: Sign

Design Guide. Peter Barker

and June Fraser, JMU and

the Sign Design Society,

ISBN 185878 412 3

6 Sign location

The positioning of signs is important and care is taken to ensure

that they do not cause an obstruction and will not be obscured

(by plants, parked vehicles, deliveries, etc). The primary signage

types provide sufficient flexibility to suit the Precinct environment

- for instance, it may be more appropriate to position a free-

standing sign to one side of a building of historical and/or

architectural merit than to fix the sign to the building itself .

7 DDA Compliance

All elements of the University of Bristol signage have been

carefully considered to meet the criteria of the Disability

Discrimination Act.

8 Preferred suppliers

The following companies have direct experience in

producing signage systems for the University of Bristol.

Totem Design Consultants. Design and project management.

www.totem-design.co.uk Tel: 0117 9625000 Contact: Len Upton

DMA Signs. Sign production company. Especially internal slatted systems.

www.dmasigns.co.uk Tel: 01372 363808 Contact: Sue Willman

Stewart Signs. Sign production company.

www.stewartsigns.co.uk Tel: 023 8025 4781 Contact: Sharon Longman

Wards of Bristol. Sign production company.

www.ward-signs.co.uk Tel: 0117 9553385 Contact: Geoff Hickling

University of BristolSignage guidelines

www.bristol.ac.uk

Produced by Building Services

For further information, please contact: Alan Stealey, Gardens and Grounds Manager

© University of Bristol 2005, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TH

Design: www.totem-design.co.uk

D. Bristol City Council - Adopted Highways Sept 07


Appendix D


E. Bristol University Gardens and Grounds Team:Tree Management Approach/Policies


University of Bristol strategy for tree management

Kevin Stuckey 7th November 2014 SFTMKS101208 (version 3)

1.0 Legislation 1.1 In general all University properties are situated in areas, designated by Bristol City Council and North

Somerset Council, with conservation status. As a result, and with few exceptions, the University is required to apply to the local council (LPA) for permission to carry out any tree works.

1.2 Planning applications, which affects tree(s), require the inclusion of a impact assessment report, a tree survey and Method Statement. This report considers the impact of the proposed development on the trees on, and around, the site. The report must be carried out in accordance with BS5837:2012 “Trees in relation to construction – recommendations”.

1.3 It is illegal to damage or destroy the nest of any wild bird whilst the nest is in use (Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981) and legislation is in place to ensure that bats are not killed, injured or disturbed; that access to bat roost are not obstructed and that bat roosts are not damaged or disturbed, even when not occupied. The following legislation is applicable to tree works: Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000; Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulation 1994.

1.4 The Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) act 2006 is applicable to the University, as it is a public body.

2.0 Methods for survey and administration of tree works

2.1 As part of an ongoing process each tree, within the University’s estate, is labelled with a unique identification number. These numbers are used to keep records of the tree stock and this is maintained through the use of a database and mapping system.

2.2 Safety of persons and property are the paramount consideration. Gardens and Grounds have adopted a recognised target based risk assessment approach to tree management (to BS5837 standard); for which a qualified member of staff provides a visually tree assessment (VTA) of the tree stock, on a 3 yearly cycle, to ascertain the general health of the trees within the grounds and, where appropriate, dead, diseased, damaged and structurally weak trees and timber (branches etc) is noted, with the aim of prioritising work, once all surveys have been completed.

2.3 All Gardens and Grounds staff are requested to report damaged trees which they may see during the course of their normal working day. After storms all staff are required to actively survey their sites and immediately report any problems.

2.3a Out of normal working hours the University Security team have been requested to follow the ‘Checklist for Emergency tree work’ (appendix 1)

2.4 Trees deemed to have major safety issues, posing an immediate risk to life or property, will receive appropriate immediate attention within context of LPA stipulations. Trees deemed to pose less immediate risk but have a potential to cause damage in the future due size/location/disease/structural condition etc. will receive more regular inspections (at periods of 6 or 12 months) depending upon the objectives for monitoring the tree.

2.5 Following a VTA, and when deemed necessary by Gardens and Grounds Services, an aerial inspection, by qualified arborists, may be requested. Additionally, and as a matter of routine, there is an agreement with arborists to supply feedback on the aerial condition of the trees that they are working in (dead wooding, reduction and thinning work etc).

2.6 Trees with high landscape value, which are deemed to have safety issues or have concerns about their long term health, will be investigated by independent experts, employing Specific reports, and investigative

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techniques, including PICUS tomograph (internal) testing. In addition, a Quantified Tree Risk Assessment (QTRA) may be undertaken, by a qualified member of staff.

2.7 Routine, urgent or (in the case of emergency) exceptional remedial works will be carried out, as a result of these surveys

2.8 All tree maintenance work carried out on University of Bristol property will be undertaken to BS 3998:2010 by either qualified External Estates staff or recognised contractors with relevant insurance. .

2.9 Gardens and Grounds Services will keep full record of surveys, reports, applications and tree maintenance. As part of this centralised approach to tree management and in line with Generic Project Requirements (GPR), all contractors, project managers etc are expected to liaise with Gardens and Grounds in respect to any tree work carried out on University property. A member of the gardens and Grounds team will act as Tree champion to the GPR.

2.10 Gardens and Grounds will employ the certified arboricultural contractors according to their specialist fields, combining expertise with cost effectiveness.

3.0 General Tree Maintenance

3.1 Trees will be managed to maximize aesthetic, historic, wildlife and landscape value; therefore tree works will be undertaken in a sympathetic manner. Trees which are classified as ancient or with high amenity and landscape value will be given special consideration, and addition resources, with respect to active tree management; and will be reviewed in accordance with the Capital Asset Valuation for Amenity Trees (CAVAT) system.

3.2 Good horticultural practices will be used for young trees and plantations. Formative pruning will be carried out at the appropriate time to raise crown, check double leaders, thinned as necessary, and stem growths and suckers removed. Tree supports will be checked annually, loosen if necessary, and removed after three years.

3.3 Ivy will be removed from trees (at all stages) as necessary; cutting back unwanted ivy back to ground level on a frequent basis. Epicormic growth will be regularly removed as good practice and to assist with basal inspections.

3.4 Mature trees will normally be maintained by qualified in house staff and through the employment of qualified arboriculturists to carry out tree work to BS3998 standard. When applicable, Gardens & Grounds staff will notify relevant Halls and Departments of proposed tree works and where ever possible local university staff will be informed via Facility Managers, Wardens or departmental managers. Whilst communications with neighbours, about proposed work, will primarily be accomplished through the Council application process, if the work impacts on neighbouring property then communication will be made directly with the owner/occupiers

4.0 Tree selection

4.1 There will be a centralised approach to tree selection: all contractors, project managers etc to liaise with Gardens and Grounds Services in respect to the selection of trees planted on University property.

4.2 Tree selection will be linked to the Gardens & Grounds area management policy. In effect each treewill be selected on a case by case basis and species of trees will be selected to maximize:

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o Habitat and Ecological value: specifically in areas managed for conservation (e.g. usenative species in woodland settings and (with reference to building projects) BREEAM

o Historical value: maintain and enhance the nature of the Universities historic gardenso Landscape Value: to maintain and enhance the long term aesthetic value of the

Universities landscapes; tree should be selected for landscape impact o Species diversity:Extend and enlarge the diversity of the Universities tree stock o Practicality: Tree selection should suit available space; generally, every effort should be

made to select larger trees rather than small amenity trees o Plant to provide tree collections of botanical interest

4.3 Gardens and Grounds Services aim to: • Provide timely replacement for maturing stock, to ensure that the landscape value is

maintained for future generations • Plant suitable trees that will add a long term landscape value to the university’s grounds;

(i.e. aesthetic, wildlife, historic & landscape values) within the provided space • Plant new trees with consideration of safety aspects and long term viability including

proximity to walls, buildings, pavements and roads • Ensure compliance with planning stipulations• Provide intermediate sized trees as long term replacements for over mature large trees in

high density urban areas (such as Arts Faculty in Woodland Road)• Maximise ‘Security by design’; planting positions should assist views by CCTV• Discourage the planting of memorial trees in preference for the provision of a dedicated

memorial garden with plaques

5.0 Planting & aftercare

5.1 When contractors are involved in planting, provision for aftercare for the first 2 years must be incorporated into the contract/tender. Contractors are expected to carry out a service check (underground & over ground) before locating planting pits. Employ ‘root deflectors’ in planting pits to protect vulnerable building infrastructure and incorporate specified support, guards, appropriate root cell systems (urban hard surface areas), soil ameliorants, irrigation/aeration tube and mulches

5.2 Tree planting should take into account other potential landscape uses (including herbaceous borders & water features) which may be mutually exclusive

5.3 Heavy to standard nursery stock, when planted in paved and high profile areas, will be protected by tree guards and/or tall tree stakes. In other areas, generally, trees will be planted as half standard to whips.

5.4 Ideally trees will not be set within hard surfaces; however if it is necessary the tree will be provided with suitable root protection and non trip surface (such as a grating system) around newly planted street trees. Resin bounded surfaces are not deemed beneficial to the short and long term health of the trees

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6.0 Emergency work

6.1 During normal working hours, when it is safe to do so, tree clearance works will be carried out by either qualified Gardens and Grounds staff or one of the recognised contractors dependant on the technical difficulty of the work

6.2 Out of normal working hours the contractor will operate a call out system. This system is normally only initiated where a fallen branch/tree is causing a danger to property, and needs to be removed immediately. University Security are provided with the contractors contact details and requested to call them directly if the need arises. G & G contact details will be provided. Refer to appendix 1

6.3 Where life is endangered, emergency services will be called.

7.0 Waste Management

7.1 When ever possible, to encourage wildlife, timber will be stacked neatly within the grounds. However safety issues and aesthetic values should be considered; and timber removed from site if it can not be accommodated.

7.2 Dead trees to be retained as ‘monoliths’ (site if aesthetic and/or safety issues allow) to provide wildlife habitats

7.3 Brash will be removed or chipped on site

7.4 Diseased material should not be removed from site to contaminate other areas unless it is properly disposed i.e. incineration

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F. University of Bristol Gardens and Grounds Team:Memorial Bench Policy


University of Bristol Gardens & Grounds: Memorial Bench Policy

1. The selection and placement of all memorial benches,within the grounds of The University of Bristol, will comeunder the management of Gardens and Grounds.

2. The wording and size of memorial inscriptions (eitherengraved or as plaques) must be agreed upon byGardens and Grounds

3. All benches must be constructed from hardwood and beFSC certificated

4. Cost for the bench must include cost of installation,including plinth and security anchorage

5. Gardens and Grounds will undertake the futuremaintenance of memorial benches, including cleaningand wood treatment

6. Gardens and Grounds will not replace memorialbenches when they are no longer serviceable

7. All memorial benches will be entered on a databaseand mapping system

Kevin Stuckey 10th December 2008


G. Contractors specifications for landscaping

Tree protection and removal Contractors (i.e. those external to the University) will be expected to fulfil the requirements of the Arboricultural Impact Assessments which include the protection of trees which are being retained and the removal of the unwanted ones.

Trees that are to be removed must be section felled by a University approved Arboricultural company and all arising’s to be removed from site. Tree stumps will be ground out by the arboriculturists (unless the tree stumps would otherwise be dug out in order to achieve the new ground levels). Prior to stump grinding the area will need to be CAT scanned and a ‘permit to work’ obtained.

Trial holes and Excavations

All topsoil’s should be reused by the University. Top soils must be stored in a convenient location (to be

agreed by University of Bristol, Gardens and Grounds Services (G&G)), on geotextile, and separated

from sub-soils.

Sufficient sub-soils, required to achieve the planned final levels and landscaping requirements, will be

kept on site. Any surplus sub-soils must be removed by the contractor.

New soilsIf required imported topsoil should follow BS 3882:2007 and should be:• Medium loam with a pH value to match that on the site• Stone size to pass a 40mm sieve, and stone content to be <10%• Free of sub-soil, perennial weed seed, stolons, rhizomes or poisonous substances• If stored in temporary heaps, stacked less than 1m highSPREAD TOP SOIL to provide the following minimum depths:• Grassed areas 100mm• Shrub areas 400mm• Tree stations 600mm• Graded grassed slopes to be of even gradient without puddles and kept 50mm above bordering hardsurfaces to allow for settlement.

CONSOLIDATION OF FILLSpread and consolidate approved fill in layers not exceeding 200mm deep. General levels to be within +50mm of design levels. Finished levels adjacent to hard landscape features and buildings to be +20mm of design levels after settlement.



Planting

TREE PLANTING Planting:• Planting season: Plant during the dormant period generally between November and Marchinclusive unless otherwise agreed• Planting hole depth: Excavate holes at least 75mm below the root system and loosen soil in base ofhole. Depth sufficient so that the trees original soil level matches the new surrounding ground.• Planting hole size: in holes large enough to allow adequate root spread during planting• Suitable root protection systems for tree planting in load bearing hard surface areas• Back-fill: with existing topsoil evenly worked round the roots and well heeled in leaving the topslightly proud of the existing level to allow for settlement• Staking: Double staked with ties. Stakes 75mm minimum diameter, free of bark and pointed at oneend• Protection: Metal tree guards in busy urban areas. Strimmer guards for lawn planted tree. Suitablestock fencing/guards & animal protection (i.e. rabbit guards) in rural settings• Watering and aeration pipes: perforated plastic watering pipes in a circle round the base of tree pitsat the level of the bottom of the root ball• Watering: Saturate the root ball of container grown plants before planting. Thoroughly water plantsimmediately after planting and again before mulching• Fertiliser: Top-dress in late winter with proprietary general fertilizer granules at a rate of50-100grms/sq m• Mulch: after feeding; 100mm depth of bark mulch applied around the base of trees Aftercare (for at least two years after planting):• Watering: watered thoroughly at the beginning of the growing season and regularly through thesummer• Weeding: 1.2m diameter around the trees to be kept weed free and clear of vegetation• Fertiliser: Top-dress in late winter with proprietary general fertilizer granules at a rate of50-100grms/sq m• Mulching: remulch, as need, to maintain 100mm depth of bark mulch• Support: re-adjust stroops and check firmness of stakes to ensure adequate support



SHRUB PLANTING

Planting:• Planting hole depth: Excavate holes at least 50mm below the root ball and loosen soilin base of hole. Depth sufficient so that the plants original soil level matches the new surrounding ground.• Planting hole size: in holes large enough to allow adequate initial root spread• Tease roots before planting• Back-fill: with existing topsoil evenly worked round the roots and heeled in leavingthe top slightly proud of the existing level to allow for settlement• Watering: Saturate the root ball of container grown plants before planting.Thoroughly water plants immediately after planting and again before mulching • Fertiliser: Top-dress in late winter with proprietary general fertilizer granules at a rateof 50-100grms/sq m• Mulch: after feeding; 100mm depth of bark mulch applied around the base of trees

Aftercare (for two years after planting):

• Watering: watered thoroughly at the beginning of the growing season and regularly through the summer

• Weeding: Planting bed to be kept weed free and clear of vegetation

• Fertiliser: Top-dress in late winter with proprietary general fertilizer granules at a rate of 50-100grms/sq m

• Mulching: remulch, as need, to maintain 100mm depth of bark mulch

NICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNERS • LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS • ECOLOGISTS

30 Brock Street Bath BA1 2LN tel: 01225 445548 fax: 01225 312387 [email protected] www.npaconsult.co.uk

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