external responsibility on global biodiversity loss: the catalonia case

COP12 Side event on external responsibility on global

biodiversity loss. 15/10/2014, Pyeongchang (Rep.of Korea)

Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya2

PURPOSE : Analyze the impact of a set of activities promoted by Catalonia on the biodiversity of other countries, particularly in developing countries.

TITLE: The external responsibility of the Catalan economy and society in terms of global biodiversity loss.

Due to the increasing internationalization of the Catalan economy and the establishment of internal policies that determine and affect, increasingly, territories and natural areas beyond the borders of Catalonia, there is the possibility of including criteria liability outdoor future actions of the Government of Catalonia.

The 2020 Biodiversity Strategy of the European Union raises just increase the responsibility of the Member States in nature conservation and biodiversity on a global scale, to address ecosystem degradation and halt the loss of biodiversity.

Coordination: D.Llistar. ([email protected])Collaborators: A.Jurado, M.Vargas, A.Pérez, M.Ortega, D.Ortega, A.Schimpf, R.Sànchez, E.Peritz, E.Galán, P.Ariza, M.Conde, R.Binimelis, B.Mínguez. .


Focus area 1- The social metabolism

1.- By economic sectors:

Given the weight of each sector / sub-sector activity in the Catalan economy, considering the identification of activities and impacts on biodiversity, there has been an initial focus on prioritizing activities in the analysis

Oil imports (in market value) Cereal net imports (in market value)

Source: UNCTAD, 2002

Catalan footprint

Production / supply of food and the consumption of non-renewable resources (oil, gas, mining) activities cause the greatest impact on biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystem services beyond the borders of the Catalan territory. Catalan metabolism, similarly to other developed countries, employs more environmental space provisions. The current energy and agrofood systems are the two main environmental-grabbers outside Catalan borders.

The last estimate of the Catalan ecological footprint (Mayor, Belmonte and Quintana, 2006) obtained the value of 8.4 times the area of Catalonia.


Focus area 2: Biodiversity hotspots

2.- Spacial impact factor: Hotspots (hight biodiversity concentration, endemic species and habitat loss)


Source: ODG, 2009

Focus area 3:

The “Impactology”


Imports of oil and gas impacts in areas of high biodiversity

Delta Niger, 2004 George Osodi www.artnotoil.org.uk

- 92.4% of the primary energy consumed in Catalonia is produced from non-renewable natural resources (consumption in 2009, according ICAEN 2012).

- Catalan energy imports at exploration, construction and operation stages in critical areas affect biodiversity hotspot in North Africa, Central Africa and the Middle East.

Refinería, Nigeria 2004 www.artnotoil.org.uk

IMPACT: Deforestation, loss and fragmentation of habitat, degradation and erosion and contamination of soil and water.


Impacts of biofuel Catalan imports . Palm oil case.

Foto: Plantació d’oli de palma (Malàisia). Gonzalo Rodríguez

Catalonia does not have the necessary land to meet the objectives it has set for biofuels

Social and environmental impacts of the production of energy crops imported from Catalonia

IMPACT: deforestation to convert the surface to forest plantations, loss and soil erosion, eutrophication and over-exploitation of water resources, increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, and the impoverishment of diversity by agricultural expansion of monocultures and GMOs.


Impacts of Catalan imports of minerals.Case of copper

- Imports of mineral Catalonia increased by 71% between 1990 and 2004.- IMPACT: direct destruction of Glera rivers and floodplains, groundwater and surface water pollution, bioaccumulation of contaminants, loss of endemic species and genetic variation; problems in indigenous communities.

Photo: Mine at Barrick Pascua Lama occupies the totality of the Biosphere Reserve of St. Guillermos

Photo: Pollution of rivers Cajamarca, Peru


Impacts of Catalan imports of agricultural products- Coffee

The rapid spread of coffee cultivation practices, intensive agrochemical use and eliminating other species of plants, especially epiphytes (plants rooted in soil but other species are used as support), which has reduced biodiversity

Picture: Coffee Processing, Ecuador. Source: Peter Mettler, for the documentary "Landscapes Transformados


Impacts of Catalan imports of flowers

Colombia stands out in both cases as the main supplier, followed by KenyaIt is estimated that the amount of water used by the roses sector in Colombia is equivalent to a city of 600,000 inhabitants. One hectar of rose and one of carnation produce between 40 and 150kg of waste per month, mainly impregnated with pesticides.

Photo: Irrigation of roses, Colombia


Overexploitation of forest resourcesUntransformed forest landscapes

Intact forest landscapes Intact forest landscapes • 35 % a Amèrica Llatina. • 28 % a Amèrica del Nord.

• 19 % en el nord d'Àsia. • 7 % en el sud d'Àsia i el Pacífic

• 8 % a l'Àfrica. • Menys de 3 % a Europa.


Impact of Catalan fishery imports

For example, fisheries agreements between the EU and third countries produce environmental and social impacts in areas with few regulations for (introduction of exotic species, overfishing and local extinction of species, alteration of coastal ecosystems, species affected and culturally important ecosystems and loss of food sovereignty). They include imports of shrimp (shrimp), tuna, salmon and Nile perch as specific examples of Catalan consumption and significant impacts on biodiversity.

35% of the area of mangroves has been lost or become afraid shrimp industry

Photo: shrimp Chone River estuary, Ecuadorr

The introduction of the Nile perch in Lake Victoria fishery has changed dramatically and the extinction of hundreds of species collected cíclids.Dades late 90s indicate that two-thirds of the more than 300 species of cichlid from Lake may have could become extinct or on the verge of doing so.

Photo: Nile Perch: Lake Victoria, Uganda


International trade of endangered species, Catalonia 2006-07

24.218.242 tn

8.969.182 tn

Biodiversity hotspots mapp:

Source: Conservation International

584 body parts hippos (14 hunting trophies)

• 17,528 copies of various species of corals from Indonesia.

• 379 kg of caviar of sturgeon species endangered Caspian Sea.

• 594 trophies, skin and nails of lions, leopards, panthers, pumas, etc..

• 3003 living specimens of iguanas and lizards.

• 2175 living specimens of chameleons.

• 521 copies of live pythons.

• 4 brown bears.

• 3 African elephants.CITES, 24% of mammals, 12% of bird species and 32% of amphibian species are currently threatened with extinction.


IMPACT of Catalan imports of Endangered Species

Hippopotamus amphibius

Any:2006-07


Iguanas, lizards Chameleons Phyton

Any:2006-07

2175 exemplars2175 exemplarsGhana, Madagascar, Tanzania, Ghana, Madagascar, Tanzania, CamerunCamerun

EXTRETS DE LA EXTRETS DE LA NATURANATURA

3003 exemplars3003 exemplarsMadagascar, Tanzania, Madagascar, Tanzania, Argentina, Ghana, Camerum, Argentina, Ghana, Camerum, Guyana, Indonesia, Chad,Guyana, Indonesia, Chad,


521 exemplars521 exemplarsTanzania, Indonesia, Malasia, Tanzania, Indonesia, Malasia, GhanaGhana


IMPACT of Catalan imports of Endangered Species


Acropora abrolhosensis, Pectinia lactuca, Galaxea astreata, Acropora echinata Acropora horrida Acropora jacquelineae

Acropora kimbeensis Euphyllia ancora Physogyra lichtensteiniTurbinaria mesenterina Turbinaria peltata

Extract from NATURE : 17.528 living specimens

20% of world coral20% of world coralhas diedhas died

Indonesia

IMPACT of CAT imports of Endangered Species

Any:2006-07


Comerç d'espècies EN PERILL D'EXTINCIÓ

Font: elaboració pròpia ODG, 2009


Impacts of bioprospecting

Prunus africana

Anys: 2006-07


Imports of wild species 2004-2009

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

900.000

Animals salvatges importats a l'Estat espanyol

Font: CITES-Espanya (2012)

Pells i flancs sencers Pells en trossos

Animals vius Plantes vives

Corals (distints dels vius) Manufactures diverses

Fusta serrada, en trossos, xapes o escorça

Altres productes

Total, finalitats comercials Trofeus de caça

Altres finalitatsUni

tats


III. Impacts of the Catalan FOREIGN INVESTMENT

0.00

1000.00

2000.00

3000.00

4000.00

5000.00

6000.00

7000.00

8000.00

Inversió bruta catalana a l'estrangerFont: Elaboració pròpia a partir d'IDESCAT, 2012.

Amèrica Llatina i Carib

Àsia i Oceania

Àfrica

Paradisos fiscals

Total

Mili

on

s d

'€

Inversió catalana a l'estranger 2011Font: Elaboració pròpia a partir IDESCAT, 2012.

Indústries manufac-tureres

Construcció

Comerç a l'engròs i al detall

Transport i em-magatzematge

Activitats financeres i d'assegurances

Activitats immobiliàries

Altres branques <2%

Impacts on biodiversity identified by external companies with significant presence capital and Catalan) - Financial and banking ii). - Energy and Water iii). - Raw iv). - Construction and hospitality, v). - chemical and pharmaceutical companies.


Impacts of Catalan factor in biodiversity loss in areas of high linguistic and cultural density (eg. Papua New Guinea, the Amazon Region, Colombian Guajira, etc.).Clear relationship between loss of biodiversity and destruction of cultural and linguistic diversity.


Biodiv. Global responsibility 2.0. Mapping


www.odg.cat Contacte: [email protected]

Gràcies, thank you.

external responsibility on global biodiversity loss: the catalonia case

Environment

peruresponsabilitat

loss of biodiversity

catalan energy imports

catalan economy

catalan borders

catalan metabolism

catalan territory

biodiversity strategy