Extreme EnvironmentsSustainability, Global Warming, Mapwork

Sustainable Tourism “World Tourism Organization (1993) defines this sustainable form as

one which • improves the quality of life of host communities, • provides a high quality experience for the guest, • and maintains the quality of environment on which they both

depend. Sustainable tourism development seeks this goal at destination areas

through the promotion of economic developments which conserve local natural, cultural, and built resources.”

(S. K. Nepal, 2000, Tourism in protected Areas. The Nepalese Himalaya)

Nepal

• The mountainous north of Nepal has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, calledSagarmatha (सगरमा�था�) in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level.[11] The southern Terai region is fertile and humid. (Wikipedia)

• Annapurna Region• Upper Mustang• Sagarmatha National Park

(S. K. Nepal, 2000)

• “The importance of tourism in Nepal is underlined by the fact that it generated over $117 million in 1996, which is roughly 3.8% of the country's gross domestic product […] (HMG 1996).”• “Tourism is highly seasonal: 40% arriving during October and

November. The average length of stay has remained between 10 and 13 days for the past ten years.”

Problems• inequity in the distribution of wealth• local inflation of essential goods & services• shortage of labor in agriculture• retention of economic benefits at the local level• waste disposal• deforestation• changes in land use• Changes in social & cultural practices• Trail damage• Problems of tourists‘

• ACAP• Upper Mustang• Mitigation• Conclusions

Participatory Approach

• Local communities involvement

• Willingness to protect cultural heritage

Conclusion

• SEEEP problems need management• Remoteness on top• Needing to understand complexity• Sees

Recap: Glacial Landforms

•Glaciers have played an important role in the shaping of landscapes in the middle and high latitudes and in alpine environments. Their ability to erode soil and rock, transport sediment, and deposit sediment is extraordinary. During the last glacial period more than 50 million square kilometers of land surface were geomorphically influenced by the presence of glaciers. (http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10af.html )

Erosion vs. Deposition

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AG3luuhc-5Yhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AG3luuhc-5Y (Erosion)

Ben Nevis

• Mail glacial trough

• Two tributary valleys• One main glacial valley (U-shaped)• Cirque

• Horn• Arête

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ITJ2PS-YYU

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