extron’s new vsc 150 advances the technology of scan conversion · 2001-03-01 · drawers on,...

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Tweeker Use #53......................................................3Naming Extron Interfaces........................................4New Digital Graphic Interfaces for Projectors ........5New Products ..........................................................6Tech Corner ............................................................8Unique Techniques: Courthouse of the Future ......10New News..............................................................14Big Changes in Cyberspace, Part II ......................16

In This Issue:

In our continuing series on the“Battle of the Bands” atINFOCOMM ’99 in Orlando,Florida, we’ve moved the spotlightto the Electrohome Blues Band. Indapper suits and fedoras made by thesame company that manufactured theBlues Brothers’ fedoras, theElectrohome Blues Band kicked offthe live music at Point Orlando.

In the heat of Florida’s summer, theElectrohome Blues Band playedR&B as well as the blues at Extron’sShip Wreck Bash. The band kept thecrowd cool with lively renditions ofMojo, Meet Me With Your BlackDrawers On, Sweet Home Chicago,and Stoop Down. Band membersincluded Wayne Bickley on drums,Paul Comella on lead/rhythm guitar,Jerry Dixon on lead/rhythm guitar,

Grooving with the Electrohome Blues Band

continued on page 3

Extron’s New VSC 150 Advances the Technology of Scan ConversionExtron’s new VSC 150 high-resolutioncomputer-to-video scan converter is thenewest member of our VSC product line.The VSC 150 provides the following newfeatures: variable horizontal & verticalsizing, three user-selectable encoder filtersto adjust image sharpness, IR remotecontrol, RS-232 control with Extron’sSimple Instruction Set™, and a rack-mountable enclosure. The VSC 150 isideal for scan converting computer imagesfrom up to 1152 x 900, horizontal scanrates from 24 to 70 kHz and vertical scanrates from 50 to 120 Hz, down to NTSCor PAL video. Applications include video-conferencing, recording, or viewingcomputer-video images on a TV monitoror other display.

APPLICATIONSThe VSC 150 is ideal for many applica-tions, such as videoconferencing; video

production & editing; videotaping of computer-video; anddisplaying computer presentations on NTSC or PAL displays.

Most videoconference presenters use computer programs whenthey make presentations, so videoconferencing systemsfrequently incorporate computers as video and/or audio sourcesduring a call. The computer outputs high-resolution computer-video signals that are incompatible with the lower-resolutionvideo input on the videoconferencing unit. Computer-videoimages must be scan converted to NTSC/PAL video images,which are accepted by the videoconferencing unit. Oncecomputer-video images have been scan converted, they may alsobe recorded on videotape.

continued on page 2

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Two useful features of the VSC 150 are its IRremote control and genlock capability. Duringa videoconference, IR control allows thepresenter to remotely make changes to theVSC 150, making the presentation moreeffective and efficient. The genlocking capa-bility allows the VSC 150 to be genlockedwith other devices for seamless verticalinterval switching. Genlocking is a usefulfeature for videoconferencing applicationsbecause switching glitches are processed asmotion by CODECs, leading to on-screenresidual video. Genlocking provides glitch-free switching, eliminating loss of sync to theCODEC; this helps avoid dropped calls thatmay result from loss of sync with somevideoconferencing systems.

For any environment utilizing professionalvideo production and editing effects, the VSC 150 is ideal for applications requiringcomputer-video, such as backgrounds or text,to be seamlessly combined with video forrecording. For video production, the VSC 150may be genlocked with other devices in aproduction system, allowing for seamlessswitching of multiple sources. For videoediting, the VSC 150 scan converts computer-video down to NTSC/PAL component videofor output to a video editing bay.

PICTURE ADJUSTMENTSThe VSC 150 offers you extensive controlover image quality. Two user-selectable levelsof horizontal filtering minimize detail loss,and three user-selectable levels of verticalfiltering reduce flicker. Three user-selectableencoder filters provide you with differentlevels of overall image sharpness to choosefrom for the best possible picture.

The VSC 150 provides horizontal & verticalsizing, zoom, and horizontal & verticalcentering/pan controls. The VSC 150’sextensive picture control options allow you tosize computer images upward to fill the entirescreen and to zoom in to produce clear,detailed close-ups. In the zoom mode, thehorizontal and vertical shift controls becomevariable pan controls, allowing detailedimaging and panning of the image. Freezemode allows you to freeze any frame on thedisplay.

REMOTE CONTROLAn IR remote is provided for convenientcontrol of all functions excluding

genlocking. The IR remote includes threememory preset locations. Each memorylocation stores size, zoom, panning,centering, and filter settings for a specificzoom setting. The memory locations allowyou to set up an image ahead of time andrecall that specific set-up instantaneouslyduring a presentation. These convenientmemory locations may be crucial when avariety of detailed images are shown duringa videoconference.

For system integration, the VSC 150 offersRS-232 control. All functions exceptgenlock are RS-232 controllable withExtron’s Simple Instruction Set (SIS™).RS-232 control is available via third-partycontrol or Extron’s Windows®-based controlprogram.

MEMORYThe VSC 150’s memory feature automati-cally saves and recalls size, zoom,panning, centering, and filter settings forup to 60 user/factory memory presetlocations. There are 30 user memory

presets to customize, and the remaining30 locations are factory-loaded,permanent presets.

The VSC 150 includes 24-bit colorsampling, which provides 8 bits per colorfor accurate 16.8 million color reproduc-tion. The rack-mountable VSC 150 ishoused in a 1U high, 1/2 rack widthenclosure and features a 100-240VAC,50/60 Hz, internal power supply.

CONNECTIONSThe VSC 150 features 15-pin HD and 15-pin D input/loop-out connectors for easyconnection to any Macintosh or IBM-compatible computer and a local monitor.The passive local monitor output allows youto display images on a preview monitor. TheVSC 150 offers composite video, S-video,component video, and RGBHV outputformats.

The VSC 150 (part number: 60-312-01)lists for $2195.00 (US Dollars).

VideoconferencingSystem

Only one S-video or componentvideo or RGB device may beconnected in addition to thecomposite video device andlocal monitor.

VCRNOTE:

or

External GenlockTiming

Terminator

Outputs

Video Outputs

Projector (RGBHV)

Video Editor(Component)

RS-232 ControlInfrared SystemRemote

CompositeVideo

S-video

orVGA Input Mac Input

VSC 150

Hi Carol

Hi Carol

50/60 Hz

100-240 V 0.3A

S-VIDEO

R-Y/B-Y/YRGB

R/R-Y

H

V

S

G/Y

B/B-Y

RS-232

OUT

INGENLOCK

S-VIDEO

PAL

OU

T75

OH

M

VIDEO

MAC

VGA

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

VSC 150continued from page 1

http://www.extron.com/product/product.asp?id=vsc150


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ExtroNews™

PresidentAndrew Edwards

V.P., FinanceEd Ellingwood

V.P., OperationsBob Nichols

V.P., Product DevelopmentDave Pincek

V.P., R&DBrian Taraci

V.P., EngineeringSteve Somers

V.P., Human ResourcesJoanne Grush

V.P., Information TechnologiesIvan Perez

Director of SalesJeff Gibson

Director of MarketingLee Dodson

PR/Media ManagerRosia Senh

Technical EditorsPat Charlton, Chris Elmore, Mike Fitzgerald,Roger McCarten, Jim Scrivner, Joe da Silva

Graphic DesignersJill Streit, Cyme Azar

Technical IllustratorRandy Drumm

Technical WriterJune Lee

We welcome your comments and contributions!Please submit ideas to Marketing Dept.714.491.1500 • 800.633.9876

ExtroNews is published by Extron Electronics/RGB Systems Inc. 1230 South Lewis Street,Anaheim, CA 92805. All rights reserved. Noportion of this newsletter may be reproduced inany form without written permission from ExtronElectronics. Every effort has been made toensure accuracy in content; however, Extronassumes no responsibility for errors andomissions in the information provided herein.ExtroNews is sent free of charge to communicationindustry professionals and end-users. Sendaddress changes, requests for copies, andeditorial correspondence to: Marketing Dept.,Extron Electronics, at the address above, or call714.491.1500 or 800.633.9876; FAX714.491.1978; Email: [email protected] in the United States of America.

Send us your photograph of how you use the Tweeker.If we publish it in a future issue of ExtroNews,

we’ll give you a free VTG 150.Send entries along with an explanation to:

Extron Tweeker Contest1230 S. Lewis StreetAnaheim, CA 92805

For Halloween,Stephen Hosik ofIntellisys in Irvine, CAmade his mark on ExtronTweeker history. Stepheningeniously carvedExtron's S3 logo into his pumpkin – quite a visual treat for Tweeker fans!

Dan Rubicini on bass guitar, BillSpeer on keyboard, and Frank “B.B.”Weathers, Jr. as lead vocalist. Rubicinihas ably taken over the bass guitarposition, inheriting it from PeterPolfuss, who recently retired.

With Bickley based in California,Comella in New York, Dixon in NewMexico, Rubicini and Speer inCanada, and Weathers in Washington,D.C., practice time was scarce. “Weperformed for the Microsoft Users’Group in Palm Springs the weekendbefore INFOCOMM ’99,” saysBickley, “It was a successful evening,and we used it as a practice session to

put together a few songs.”

The Electrohome Blues Band hasbeen performing at Extron’s annualparty since INFOCOMM ’96 inPhiladelphia. Over the past few years,the Electrohome Blues Band hasbecome increasingly popular. Theband even has their own CD, whichthey sell at the charity fundraisersthey perform at—with all profitsgoing to charitable causes.

Extron looks forward to theElectrohome Blues Band’s returnperformance at INFOCOMM 2000 inAnaheim, CA!

Battle of the Bandscontinued from page 1

JEFF GIBSON

How Extron Names Interfacesby Jeff Gibson, Director of Sales

the RGB 109xi? Conversely, the namesof our universal interfaces end in evennumbers, such as the RGB 190 andRGB 130xi. The “xi” designationindicates that these interfaces provideExtron’s exclusive Advanced DigitalSync Processing (ADSP™).

GENERAL NUMBERING SCHEMENow let’s talk about the specificinterface numbers, digit by digit. Asmentioned earlier, the first digit ofExtron’s interface names indicates theinterface series to which it belongs—1

for the 100 series, 2 for the202 series, and so forth.


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Interface

1 = RGB 100 series

Odd number = dedicated

xi = ADSP TM

Even number = universal

5 = HD15 connector

Interface

5 = RGB 500 series

To provide interfacing solutions for allof your A/V applications, Extron hascreated a complete line of interfacesover the years. With such a wideproduct range, the letters and numbersthat make up an interface’s name mightseem confusing until you under-stand how Extron’s numberingsystem works.

The first part of an interface’sname, “RGB”, designates it asan interface, and the second partof the name uses a numberingsystem that has developed throughoutour history. We use a three-digitnumbering system for interfaces, withthe first digit always indicating theseries to which the interface belongs.

Have you ever noticed that the namesof our dedicated interfaces end in oddnumbers, such as the RGB 103xi and

Previously all Extron interfaces used 9-pin D input connectors. The versatile 9-pin D connector is compatible withany computer using one of Extron’shigh-quality laptop breakout cables,monitor breakout cables or MBCbuffers. As laptops have become morecommonplace in boardrooms andtraining centers,Extron added theoption of a 15-pinHD connector onour interfaces.Although 9-pin input connectors stillhave more overall advantages within anA/V system, we are now offering a 15-pin HD input connector on some inter-faces to provide solutions for plug-and-play applications. How can you tell ifan interface has a 15-pin HD inputconnector? For both our RGB 100 and500 series, the number “5” appearing asthe second digit indicates that the

interface uses a 15-pin HD inputconnector instead of the standard 9-pin Dinput connector. For example, the RGB 150xi and RGB 550 feature 15-pinHD input connectors.

Extron also offers over 100 ArchitecturalAdapter Plates (AAPs), which featurevarious audio or video signal pass-throughconnectors, such as BNCs, mini-DIN, 15-pin HD, 3.5 mm captive screw terminal,and RJ-45. For our RGB 100, 400 and500 series, the number “8” as the last digitindicates the option of ArchitecturalAdapter Plates (Note: The RGB 118 doesnot follow this guideline). For example,the RGB 158xi and RGB 508 provideopenings for optional AAPs.

As Extron continues providing inter-facing solutions to meet your needs, wewill continue to follow our numberingsystem. By understanding how Extron’sinterface numbering system works, youwill be able to quickly identify aninterface’s features and select the rightsolution for your application.

Interface

1 = RGB 100 series

xi = ADSP TM

Even number = universal

8 = Architectural Adapter Plates 5 = HD15 connector

STEVE SOMERS


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New Digital Graphics Interfaces for Projectors – Plugging into a Computer Very Near Youby Steve Somers, V.P. Engineering

DOOMED TO REPEAT HISTORYReady for a surprise? Digital interfacingis not new. We’ve come full circle fromthe days of the CGA and EGA graphicsinterfaces. Both are comprised of digital,TTL (5 volt Transistor Transistor Logic)style formats capable of conveying alimited number of colors at low cost.The accompanying CRT monitormatched the computer output with adecoder system capable of convertingthe digital signals to analog RGB.Signals were solid and setup simple.

Of course, at that time projector use wasin its infancy. Hardly anyone had inter-faced to projectors as they weredesigned primarily for television videodisplay. Computer displays weredesigned just for the PC. Nobodyconsidered connecting computers toprojectors. For computer manufacturers,this was hardly a concern as availableprojector technology was analog CRTbased, non-portable, and very expensive.Long distance connections fromcomputers to projectors were incompat-ible and technically challenging.

For commercial users of computergraphics, these early digital formatswere converted externally to analogsignals and modified as required toreach a compatible level with the

existing CRT projector technology. But,as with all technology, projector tech-nology marched forward into an era ofdirect compatibility, a la the analog VGAinterface.

But why must it now go digital? Today,portable projector technology is digital.Digital imaging devices make projectionsolutions available to a much wider usermarket. Portable projectors combinecompactness, high light output, andgraphics versatility along with relativelylow cost.

The VGA interface developed as digitalmemory and digital-to-analog conversiontechnology dovetailed with moderate costand speed. In a world dominated byanalog CRT display technology, graphicscard manufacturers embraced the ability toprovide an ever widening and increasingnumber of display resolutions. However,the graphic output needed to be analogand, simultaneously, display manufacturersredesigned their products with variablescan rate capabilities. The variable scanrate requirement included projectors aswell. This newfound compatibility set thestage for the wide variety of graphics reso-lution choices we enjoy today. Analogdisplays can image a continuous, infinitenumber of colors and shades of graywithin their spectral boundaries.

WHO CARES?Current portable projectors are quitecapable of handling everyday computergraphics applications. Why should youcare about having a digital interface? It’seasier to answer this question if we take alook at current projector technology.Early portable (luggable?) projectors andmany current projectors use LCD (liquidcrystal display) imaging components. ALCD imager is comprised of discrete,light-manipulating cells called pixels.Each pixel is a form of “light valve”. Thepassage of light through the pixel iscontrolled digitally by addressing indi-vidual cells with electrical control signals.This discrete pixel concept also applies toother fixed-resolution technologies likeDLP™ (digital light processing) and D-ILA™ (digital image light amplification).DLP utilizes an array of micromirrors thatreflect impending light onto the viewingscreen. D-ILA technology reflects lightoff a liquid crystal surface coupled to amatrix-addressed silicon substrate.

The pixels are arranged orthogonally in atwo-dimensional plane with each pixelindividually addressed by the displaycontrol system. Since each pixel repre-sents one element of the image, it isimportant that the incoming image infor-mation match the number of pixels in the

continued on page 12

Whether you are new to image projection technology or a “second-genera-tion road warrior”, using digital displays that connect to digital data portswill rapidly become the norm. In barely the course of a year, flat paneldesktop monitors are finding their way onto our desktops or at least into thepreponderance of our next display purchase. So it goes with the ever-expanding gaggle of portable data projectors. Is the digital connection tomonitors and projectors necessary or is it just technology chic?

For more information on these, or any other products,contact your local Extron Representative at 714.491.1500 or 800.633.9876 (Extron USA)

+31.33.453.4040 (Extron Europe) +65.226.0015 (Extron Asia).EE XX TT RR OO NN EE WW SS NN OO VV // DD EE CC 11 99 99 99

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Extron’s new four-gang, wall-mountable RGB 408 interface combinesan RGB 406 interface with four single-size openings for optionalArchitectural Adapter Plates as additional signal pass-through connec-tors. Now system integrators have a choice of more than 30 differentsignal pass-through connector combinations. The RGB 408 is auniversal 9-pin D input interface designed to be used with a gangbox. Ifthe installation requires cable runs in conduit with masonry boxes, theRGB 408 provides an interfacing solution with Architectural AdapterPlates.

As the latest addition to Extron’s RGB 400 Architectural Series inter-

faces, the RGB 408 includes active audio interfacing, level, peaking,Digital Display Sync Processing (DDSP™), horizontal centering, and75 ohm video termination. The RGB 408 offers a 15-150 kHz horizontal scanning range with 300 MHz (-3dB) video bandwidth. It is compatible with VGA, SVGA, XGA, XGA-2, Mac, Sun, SGI, and other signals.

The RGB 408-grey part number is 60-307-01.The RGB 408-black part number is 60-307-02.The RGB 408-white part number is 60-307-03.

http://www.extron.com/product/product.asp?id=rgb408

RGB 408Wall-mountable, Universal Computer-Video Interface with Audio Interfacing and Architectural Adapter Plate Openings

Extron expands the RGB 500 Series Architectural interfaces with thenew RGB 500 AKM and RGB 550 AKM with ADSP™ for ourEuropean partners. The RGB 500 AKM and RGB 550 AKM are twouniversal, computer-video interfaces that fit flush within an AckermannGES9B box for convenient and easy installation in the Ackermann floortank system, with RGB output connections on 6" cable extensions.

Available exclusively in Europe, the RGB 500 AKM and RGB 550 AKMfeature a 15-130 kHz horizontal scanning range with 300 MHz (-3dB)video bandwidth. These interfaces are compatible with VGA, SVGA,XGA, XGA-2, Mac, Sun, SGI, and other signals. The RGB 500 AKM’suniversal 9-pin D connector is compatible with any computer using oneof Extron’s monitor breakout cables. The RGB 550 AKM offers a 15-pinHD input connector and buffered local monitor output. AdvancedDigital Sync Processing (ADSP™) provides all-digital sync processingfor stable images on LCD, DLP, plasma & CRT displays. Active audiointerfacing converts unbalanced audio to line-level balanced audio.

The RGB 500 AKM part number is 60-313-01.The RGB 550 AKM part number is 60-314-01. For more information, please contact an Extron Europe CustomerSupport Representative at: +31.33.453.4040.

RGB 500 AKM and RGB 550 AKMUniversal Computer-Video Interfaces with Audio Interfacing and ADSP™ Designed for Ackermann Floor Boxes

http://www.extron.com/product/product.asp?id=rgb500550akm

RGB 550 AKM with ADSPTM

RGB 500 AKM with ADSP TM

BUFFEREDLOCAL OUTMIN/MAX

H. SHIFT

AUDIO

ID P

IN 4

ID P

IN 1

1

INPUT

INPUT

MIN/MAX

H. SHIFT

HIGH Z

RGB 500 AKM

RGB 550 AKM


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Extron’s new DVS 150 is a scaler that converts NTSC/PAL/SECAMvideo signals into high-resolution video with enhanced depth for viewingon digital displays such as LCD, DLP, and plasma monitors and projec-tors. To optimize image quality on digital displays as well as maintainmaximum image brightness and detail, lower-resolutionNTSC/PAL/SECAM video resolutions need to be scaled up to RGB reso-lutions that match the “sweet spot” or native resolution of digital displays.The DVS 150 combines video scaling capabilities with the ability toswitch a 15-pin HD input signal.

The DVS 150 accepts composite video, S-video, or component video andoffers a wide variety of RGB resolution output rates to match differentcomputer-video, progressive HDTV, and plasma resolutions. The pass-through signal and scaled RGB outputs are available simultaneously on a15-pin HD connector and six BNCs. The DVS 150 features computer-video

output rates: 640 x 480, 800 x 600, 832 x 624, 1024 x 768, and 1280 x 1024.For plasma displays, the DVS 150 provides plasma output rates: 848 x 480,852 x 480, 1280 x 768, and 1360 x 765. Also available are HDTV outputrates: 480p, 720p, and 1080p.

For improving picture quality, the DVS 150 features Extron’s exclusivevariable top and bottom vertical blanking. During scaling, captioning andtapehead switching in the video’s blanking area show up as picture noise.Using variable blanking, a user may add black lines at the top and bottomof the screen to eliminate edge noise.

The DVS 150 part number is 60-317-01.

http://www.extron.com/product/product.asp?id=dvs150

DVS 150NTSC/PAL/SECAM Video Scaler

Extron’s new D/2 DA4 is a one input, four output, direct digital distribu-tion amplifier that distributes Digital Flat Panel (DFP) or Digital VisualInterface (DVI) signals to up to four DFP or DVI monitors. The D/2 DA4is ideal for applications requiring identical displays on multiple directdigital monitors or projectors with identical resolutions and refresh rates.The D/2 DA4 accepts DFP/DVI—TMDS/Panel Link—signals and distrib-utes up to four identical, independently buffered outputs for cable runs ofup to 15 feet. The D/2 DA4 uses DFP connectors. For DVI signals, theD/2 DA4 may be used as a single-link DVI system using a DVI-to-DFP

http://www.extron.com/product/product.asp?id=d2da4

D/2 DA4Direct Digital Distribution Amplifier

Extron’s new DDTX/DDRX Direct Digital Transmitter/Receiver is a directdigital transmitter-receiver set designed for long-distance transmission ofDigital Flat Panel (DFP) or Digital Visual Interface (DVI) signals betweenthe source and digital display. The DDTX/DDRX set is comprised of adirect digital transmitter (DDTX) and direct digital receiver (DDRX).DFP/DVI—TMDS/Panel Link—signals are designed to travel a maximumdistance of 15 feet; however, with use of the DDTX/DDRX, DFP/DVIsignals are able to travel up to 330 feet (100 meters), depending on the typeand quality of cable used. The DDTX/DDRX uses proprietary digital tech-nology to compensate for signal loss and ringing.

With the DDTX/DDRX, the maximum length of the cable run fromsource to direct digital display is 150 feet (45.7 m) using Extron’s BNC 4Mini High Resolution cable. The maximum cable distance is 330 feet (100m) using Extron’s SHR 5 Super High Resolution cable. The bi-directional

DDC communications (which provides a communications link between thesource and digital display) uses Extron’s Comm-Link cable.

The DDTX has an attached DFP input cable, and the DDRX has a DFPconnector at its output. Optional DVI-to-DFP adapters may be used forDVI sources and displays. The DDTX/DDRX uses female BNCs on bothunits for transmission between the two units. The DDTX/DDRX offers 3.5 mm captive screw terminals for bi-directional DDC communications.The DDTX and DDRX are rack-mountable and include internal powersupplies.

The DDTX/DDRX part number: 60-316-01.

http://www.extron.com/product/product.asp?id=ddtx

DDTX/DDRXDirect Digital Long Distance Line Driver

adapter. The D/2 DA4 is rack-mountable and includes a 100-240VAC,50/60 Hz, auto-switchable internal power supply.

The D/2 DA4 part number is 60-315-01.

DDRXDDTX

Setting Up a Scan Converterby Roger McCarten,Product Manager


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Properly setting up a scan converter canmake all the difference in the world inrespect to image quality. A little fine-tuningcan make the difference between a poorimage and a good image. To obtain the bestimage, certain adjustments should be madeeach time a scan converter is used in a newapplication. The sequence in which theadjustments are made is also important.Making a setting out of sequence may undothe effects of an earlier setting, and make itimpossible to achieve the best image.

For simplicity's sake, this article will useExtron's VSC 300's features as a generalexample in order to explain how to properlyset up a scan converter. The general princi-ples will be the same with other scanconverters, though they may not have allthe adjustments, or the range of settings theVSC 300 does.

INITIAL CONSIDERATIONSWhen setting up a scan converter, it isbest to use the actual software application(e.g. PowerPoint, Excel/Lotus, or Word)that will be displayed, as well as thecomputer that will actually be used. It isnot a good idea to use a video testgenerator to set up a scan converter, andthen use the scan converter with acomputer to display a spreadsheet or otherdocument. In such a case the settings willnot be optimal for the computer applica-tion. If the scan converter is to be used aspart of a video system, the screen thatwill actually be viewed (i.e. the “end ofthe line”) should be referenced whensetting up the scan converter. Image char-acteristics can change as the signal isrouted over a video system. The image

seen on a monitor that is connecteddirectly to the output of the scanconverter may not correspond to what isseen on a monitor after the signal hasgone through the video system.

SETTING UP THE SCAN CONVERTER: STEP BY STEPFollow these steps in sequence. Again,doing the set up out of sequence will notlead to the best possible image.

Step 1— Set the output format.Select the desired output rate by setting it toNTSC or PAL as needed.

Step 2— Size and center the image.Ensure that the zoom adjustment and/orhorizontal and vertical sizing are at thedesired settings. They should be set to thepoint where they will stay during most ofthe presentation.

Step 3— Set the horizontal filtering.The horizontal filter adjusts how the scanconverter processes pixel information onthe horizontal plane. This in turn will affectvertical features. Figure 1 is a reference

figure used to demonstrate how the filterswill affect an image. As the horizontal filteris adjusted, the viewer will see verticalfeatures drop out at one extreme, as inFigure 2, and will see the image becomesoft at the other extreme, as in Figure 3.The horizontal filter should be adjusted sothat there is no pixel dropout, and so thatthe image is not too soft. See the followingsection “Horizontal Filter Operation” for anexplanation of how the horizontal filteroperates.

Step 4— Set the vertical filtering.The vertical filter adjusts how the scanconverter averages horizontal lines. As thevertical filter is adjusted, the viewer will seehorizontal features drop out at one extreme asseen in Figure 4. As the filter is adjusted tothe other extreme, the viewer will see textbecome stretched out vertically (or appearingas double horizontal lines). When the filter isproperly adjusted, there will be no drop out,and features will not be blurred or stretchedout vertically. Again, Figure 1 above showsthe ideal image. See the following section“Vertical Filter Operation” for an explanationof how the vertical filter operates.

Horizontal Filter

Text Sharper

Narrower

Text Soft

Wider

Vertical Filter

Increased FlickerText Sharper

Narrower

Decreased FlickerText Stretched

Vertically

Wider

Note: to better understand this article, the reader may wish to reference the earlier article titled "Scan Converter Filtering" in ExtroNews 9.5, Sept/Oct 1998.


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THE HORIZONTAL FILTERThe horizontal filter adjusts how the scanconverter processes pixel information acrossthe horizontal plane. This feature is alsoreferred to as “anti-aliasing”. As the horizontalfilter is adjusted from narrow to wide, thescan converter changes how it samples. Whenthe horizontal filter is set wider, the samplingwindow becomes narrower. When the hori-zontal filter is set narrower, the samplingwindow becomes wider. Therefore, when thefilter is set too wide (position 1 on the VSC 300), the sampling window will be toonarrow. Thin vertical image features will dropout. If the filter is set too narrow (position 8),the sampling widow will widen, resulting inpixel blending. This will give text a soft orfuzzy appearance. The horizontal filter shouldbe adjusted in accordance with the resolutionbeing scan converted. In general, it should beset wide (position 1) when lower resolutionsare scan converted and narrow (position 8)when higher resolutions are scan converted.

To help properly adjust the horizontal filtersee Figures 2 and 3. When the VSC 300’shorizontal filter has been set too narrow forthe resolution, the image will look like thatshown in Figure 2. Here the samplingwindow is too narrow, causing dropout andvertical features begin to disappear. At theother extreme, if the horizontal filter is settoo wide, the sampling window becomestoo wide and pixels blend together. Theresult is that the image appears softer. Anexample of this effect is shown in Figure 3.When the horizontal filter is properlyadjusted, text should not look blurry andthere should be no dropout. Keep in mind inthat text is used for these examples. In thecase of graphics, if may actually be prefer-able to set the filter so that the imageappears soft. In other cases, the narrowfilter setting may make an image look best.

THE VERTICAL FILTERThe vertical filter adjusts how the scan linesare averaged in the down conversion process.On the lower settings, more emphasis will begiven to an individual line. On higher filtersettings, the emphasis will be divided acrossseveral lines (line information is averagedmore equally).

In adjusting the vertical filter, the user will seea trade off between flicker and image

sharpness. With the vertical filter at the lowestsetting, text will look sharpest, but there willbe considerable flicker. Since more emphasisis given to each individual line, versusaveraging several together, line informationwill appear then disappear as the interlacedfields switch back and forth. This causes theflicker. When the vertical filter is set at itswidest point (position 9 on the VSC 300),information from more lines will be used inthe scan conversation process. With morelines averaged together in the scan conversionprocess (from both fields), similar informationwill be in each of the alternating fields, soflicker won’t be so evident. The other effectthat will be seen as the vertical filter isadjusted is that text will appear sharp with thefilter set low/narrow, and text will blur withthe filter set high/wide. Again, this is theresult of how much line information iscombined at a time.

The vertical filter should be set low/narrowwhen lower resolutions are being scanconverted, so that more emphasis is placedon each line. Where the vertical filtershould be set will depend on the resolutionthe scan converter is down converting(fewer lines makes each one moreimportant). When a high resolution sourceis being scan converted several lines willhave to be combined to create each newline. Therefore, the vertical filter should beset high, so more equal emphases will begiven to several lines at a time to assureinformation is not missed.

Figure 5 shows an example where the verticalfilter has been set too narrow. In such a casenot only is there considerable flicker, but finelines horizontal lines may be missing as aresult of the sampling process missing infor-mation on the vertical plane. Notice themissing line on the on the spreadsheet. Figure4 shows an example where the vertical filter isset too wide. Text begins to blur together onthe horizontal plane. A medium can be foundwhere the text looks sharp, but there is notdrop out. As with the horizontal filter, ifanything other than text is to be displayed,such as graphics, a soft or extremely sharpvertical filter setting may actually be desired.To achieve the best possible image it may benecessary to go back and forth setting thehorizontal and vertical filter settings a fewtimes.

1A B

23

Figure 1. Normal Setting

Figure 2. Horizontal Low Setting

Figure 3. Horizontal High Setting

Figure 4. Vertical High Setting

Figure 5. Vertical Low Setting


10

Unique Techniques:

Extron Switchers Help Create Courtrooms of the FutureTravel time and expenses reduced. Evidenceshared by all parties conveniently andquickly. All benefits of the state-of-the-artaudio and video systems installed at theFargo, ND United States FederalCourthouse and others across the nation.This article will discuss in depth ChiefJudge Rodney Webb’s courtroom, whichhas full audio, video, and videoconfer-encing capabilities, with Extron switchingand distribution equipment anchoring theA/V system. For this installation,Polysonics Corp. of Washington, D.C. wasthe consultant, and Quantum Technologies,Inc. of Huntsville, AL was the A/Vcontractor/partner.

Over the past few years, the judicial systemhas entered the world of high-tech A/Vequipment, looking for ways to expeditetheir caseloads. Gradually courthouses areintegrating A/V systems into their court-rooms. Advantages include the following:evidence can be viewed by everyonequickly and in detail through monitors;videoconferencing allows for remotearraignments and discussions; real-timetranscription can be displayed for hard-of-hearing court participants.

CONTROLJudge Webb is one of the federal judges atthe Fargo Federal Courthouse and is on theElectronic Courtroom Committee of theJudicial Conference Committee onAutomation and Technology. In hiscourtroom, two AMX AXT-CA10 touch-screen control panels are used, one at theJudge’s bench and one at the Clerk’s bench.These panels with easy-to-use, customizedscreens give them control of all audio andvideo functions in the room.

SWITCHING WITH SYSTEM 4LDxiJudge Webb required computer-grade videoquality for display. Extron equipment playsa major part in the video capabilities of thecourtroom system. Several Extron switchersfeed various input sources to the Extron

System 4LDxi. An SW 6 SV MX is usedto switch S-video signals produced byunits such as the document camera and the S-VHS VCR. An SW 6 CV MX switchesthe composite video signals produced byolder VCRs and the videoconferencingsystem. Extron’s SW 6 AR MX HVswitches RGBHV computer-video inputs.

David McCullough, a Video DesignEngineer at Quantum Technologies,explains, “The System 4LDxi was chosenbecause it can switch different sourceformats and provide outputs at a consis-tent VGA resolution, 640 x 480.” Using abuilt-in line doubler, the Extron System4LDxi switcher takes the place of multipledevices. The System 4LDxi convertsmultiple input sources that are native tothe court evidence display environment(RGB, component video, S-video, andcomposite video) to high resolution videofor display on the NEC multisynccourtroom monitors.

One significant advantage of the System4LDxi is Extron’s exclusive SimpleInstruction Set (SIS™), available on allExtron products with RS-232 controlcapabilities. McCullough comments, “As aprogrammer, I found SIS logical andsimple—anybody can do it. It’s easy to doRS-232 control with SIS; many other RS-232 protocols are cryptic and take awhile to figure out. SIS speeds up thewhole [programming] process.”

At the Judge and Clerk locations, SW 2 VGAxi switchers are used to enableswitching between personal computers andthe system video sources on the localmonitors. The Judge and Clerk’scomputers contain video capture cards, sothe Judge and Clerk are able to previewvideo in a picture within a picture on theirmonitors. McCullough states, “[Anotherbenefit is that] the video capture card canalso save single frames of video forstoring on the PC.”

P/2 DA6 PLUS VGA DISTRIBUTION AMPLIFIERSEach table in the courtroom has severaloptions for A/V connection, and multipleformat inputs and outputs are located atmultiple locations in the courtroom. Anevidence presentation cart is stationed at thefront lectern. This cart contains an Elmodocument camera, a Sony color videoprinter, an Acecat annotation tablet, aPanasonic S-VHS VCR, and an auxiliaryport for adding an attorney laptop computerto the system. An additional annotationtablet is located at the witness stand.Evidence displayed on monitors can bedigitally annotated by the attorney orwitness via the annotation pads. The anno-tation pads send their outputs to theBoeckler video annotation unit, whichoverlays annotations on the image output bythe System 4LDxi. The annotated image isthen distributed by the Extron P/2 DA6 Plusdistribution amplifier to various displaymonitors and an Extron scan converter. Thescan converter converts all high resolutionsources to NTSC video for the videoconfer-encing system and the evidence presenta-tion cart’s color video printer, which cancapture and print a single frame of video.

FARGO, NORTH DAKOTA UNITED STATES FEDERAL COURTHOUSE


11

Would you like to see your installation covered here? Do you have a unique methodof using Extron products? Tell us about it! Call Rosia Senh at 714.491.1500 andyour unique technique may be in the next issue of ExtroNews.

Additional P/2 DA6 Plus units are used bythe attorneys for adding their personallaptop computers to the system as videosources. The distribution amplifiers allowthe attorneys to have local monitor outputsas well as an output used for connectioninto the courtroom’s A/V system fordisplay. The P/2 DA6 Plus distributionamplifiers also distribute buffered outputswhich maintain signal integrity over longcable runs. Todd Dudgeon, Deputy inCharge of the U.S. District Court at theFargo Federal Courthouse, states, “The A/V system is remarkable... It is

definitely the wave of the future in thefederal court. Chief Judge Webb isconstantly assessing ways that we canimprove our system.”

To make their work more cost-effectiveand efficient, courtrooms across thecountry are joining the information superhighway, and Extron’s switching and distribution equipment is helpingthem merge successfully and painlessly.

For more information, please contactQuantum Technologies at 256.922.1200.

DISPLAY MONITORS LOCATED AT THE FRONT OF CHIEF JUDGE WEBB'S COURTROOM EXTRON'S SYSTEM SWITCHER, SWITCHERS,AND SCAN CONVERTER IN THE A/V RACK


12

imager. When a match does not occur,some image information may be lost, orconversely, the image may not fill theprojected screen area or undesirableartifacts may appear.

In order for image resolution matching tooccur, the analog signal must beconverted to a digital representation ofthe image to drive the respective pixels ofthe imager(s). Here’s where it gets tricky.Assuming the incoming image timing isvery close to or identical to one of the

VGA standard formats, the projector’sinput circuitry must lock onto the signaland sample the analog image utilizing alocally generated clock signal that closelyresembles the timing of the originalcomputer graphics card. Unfortunately,many variables have an influence andthere is no way this can be guaranteed.The only absolute timing referenceaccompanying the VGA signal is hori-zontal sync, which has slower speededges and only occurs at the end of eachactive video line. The analog informationis redivided into samples, or pixels, thatshould match up with the pixel dimen-sions of the imager. Most of the time this

process occurs with good results. But,many times when extreme image detailoccurs during presentation viewers willwitness unwanted noise and disturbancesoscillating within the regions of highdetail. Stability of fine text images canbe particularly difficult to achieve. Thisoccurs because the spatial occurrence ofthe image detail is competing with thetiming accuracy of the reclocking systemin the projector’s analog-to-digitalconverter.

Have you tried to set the “timing” and/orthe “phase” control on the projector to get agood, “clean” presentation? Ever realize

Interfaces for Projectorscontinued from page 5

While the good news isthat digital interfacesfor projectors or desk-top displays provides anew level of simplicity

and quality, the bad news is that interconnec-tion standards for these digital panaceas are ina state of flux. Moreover, there are two basictypes of digital transmission methods used inthe market.

Currently, the most common digital interfaceis the VESA 20-pin MDR connection. You’llfind this on the output of the compatiblegraphics cards from folks like Matrox and ATI.However, there are at least three versions ofpinouts used by different flat panel displaymanufacturers. In addition, some displayinputs have a 26-pin version of the MDR con-nector. There is no current standard specifica-tion for the display-end of theconnection…the manufacturer can do whatev-er as long as they provide the correct interfac-ing cable to the computer.

Intel has formed a new connection standardsgroup called the DDWG (Digital DisplayWorking Group). This group created theDigital Visual Interface, or DVI. It’s intendedto provide two connection schemes; one fordigital-only and one with combined analog

and digital signals. The connector physicalattributes are different from the MDR con-nector. The digital-only version could beexpected to exist alongside the legacy VGAconnector and, perhaps, ease the transitioninto full digital interfaces. Whether displaymanufacturers will adopt this connector atboth ends of the cable is very unclear.But wait, there’s more. The Plug & Displaygroup within VESA is working on anotherstandard aimed at solidifying the actual phys-ical interface on the display-end. It’s calledthe M1 specification and is now under con-sideration. It is physically different than anyof the above. It has the advantage of han-dling a wide variety of physical connections.

All of the aforementioned connectionschemes utilize an electrical transmissionmethod called TMDS which stands forTransition Minimized Differential Signalingdeveloped by Silicon Image in Silicon Valley.[see The Digital Interface Topology] A similar,but different competing electrical scheme isLDI, or LVDS Display Interface. Alive withinthis acronym, LVDS refers to Low VoltageDifferential Signaling. This methodology is afurther development of the internal interfaceused to drive the LCD displays in notebookcomputers. This style interface is used cur-rently by a limited number of graphics card

and monitor manufacturers. NationalSemiconductor, the architect of this inter-face, recommends a 36-pin connector inthe current version of its OpenLDI stan-dard draft.

For projector manufacturers, the interfacingdisarray is narrowed considerably sincemost all have adopted the TMDS(PanelLink) interface for now. But, the enduser now has the responsibility of verifyingpin-for-pin compatibility between the dis-play manufacturer and the computergraphics source. So, don’t assume you canrun down to the local computer store andgrab an extension cable or adapter off theshelf unless you know specifically whatyou’re getting. In addition, unless you areconnecting your computer close-in to theprojector with a standard six-foot cable,running past 10 meters cable lengths placesyou into new, long distance interfacing ter-ritory. I suggest consulting closely with theprojector manufacturer and graphics cardmanufacturer to be sure that componentsyou want to connect are compatible. Reputable interfacing companies can guideyou toward proper design of long haul con-nections. Once you plug equipmenttogether and that “magic smoke” escapes,there’s no turning back.

Plug-and-Players Beware!


13

Red Data

8 - 16

Transmitter Chip

MDR 20 Connector

Computer Graphics Processing

Up to 10 Meter Cable

3 Data Pairs& 1 Clock Pairfor MinimumConfiguration

R

G

B

Clk.

Green Data

8 - 16

Blue Data

Clock

Controls

8 - 16

Image Data

24 - 48

Receiver ChipDDC Data

DDC Clock

MDR 20 Connector

Projector Graphics Processing

ComputerGraphicsController

R

G

B

Clk.

Clock

Control

Serial toParallelDecoder

PLL

Parallel toSerial

Encoder

PLL

ComputerGraphicsController

DisplayData

Channel(DDC)


THE DIGITAL INTERFACE TOPOLOGY

TMDS INTERFACE (PANELLINK)The minimum connection configuration is shown for single-link TMDS (Transition Minimized DifferentialSignaling) implementation. The interface is characterized by conversion of graphics data from parallel toserial format. Data is transmitted differentially over twisted pair wire. Graphics systems with up to 165MHz clock rates are supported with one link. Three additional data lines can be added to create a dual-link system for configurations that deliver up to 5 Gigabits per second (833 megabits/second/data line),thus extending graphics bandwidth beyond UXGA (1600 x 1200).

During operation, eight bit image data is converted to 10 bit data for transmission. Duringactive display time, the encoder generates transition minimized and DC-balanced codes. Duringdisplay blanking time, the encoder generates DC-balanced data with embedded control signals.No separate sync lines are required as sync data is embedded with video data. Data and clocksignal levels are nominally 0.5 volt peak-to-peak.

Open LDIThe standard configuration for LDI uses 8 video data pairs (only 3 shown) and two clock pairs (only1 shown). However, there are several pixel formats supported that vary the number of actual datalines needed. An 18-bit per pixel format arrangement may be operated with the configurationshown above. A 24-bit per pixel system requires four data lines. The high-end 24-bit dual pixelsystem requires all eight lines and both clock lines. Dual pixel format is supported so as to allowdelivery of twice as many pixels in less bandwidth than that required traditionally for CRT displays.Fixed resolution digital imaging devices, like LCD panels, don’t require downtime for retrace likeCRTs do. Therefore, pixel information for the top half and bottom half of the image may be sentsuccessively. In the dual pixel in/dual pixel out format, the system can deliver 5.38 Gigabits persecond. In any case, the single data rate of each differential pair is reduced to about 672megabits/second. The system may run in DC-balanced or unbalanced modes.

DDC SupportEither transmission method supports existence of the VESA Display Data Channel. The DDCoperates outside the serial encoding system to provide a bi-directional communications linkbetween the display and computer graphics source. This link provides the graphics controller withvital information about the projector/display capabilities. The graphics system is then set upaccordingly. This channel operates at a much slower data rate. Data transmission is serial, TTLlevel. Some graphic cards on the market now will not output graphic images if the DDC is notproperly connected and operating. This can be an obstacle for some direct-connect projector appli-cations if they do not have DDC communications.

THE PHYSICAL DIGITAL COMPUTER-TO-PROJECTOR INTERFACEyou couldn’t get there and gave up? Theinherent uncertainty in digitizing high-speed analog images along with itscommensurate cost is the reason for goingback to a digital interface. Think about it.Doesn’t it make sense to pass the digitalinformation direct from the graphics card tothe projector? Well, welcome to the newmillennium. Not only is this desirable, butnow it is technically possible at reasonablecost without giving up anything.

DON’T WORRY, IT’S NOT TTLThe digital interface sends graphic bits viaa low voltage level combined with a differ-ential drive configuration to effect a robustcommunications scheme over twisted pairwires. Presently, the typical digitalinterface can transfer graphics rates up to165 MHz over each of four or more differ-ential lines (3 data and 1 clock is theminimum configuration). This translates toan image resolution of up to SXGA (1280x 1024). [At the time of writing, a fasterinterface chip set was announced that cansupport UXGA, 1600 x 1200 resolution.]The transmitted data is considerablylower in level than older logic systemswith only about 500 mV peak-to-peaksingle-ended (1 volt differential) on eachwire pair. More than the minimumnumber of data lines may be implementedin order to transfer higher than 165 MHzgraphics rates. The general concept forthis interface technology was first appliedin laptop computers to connect the LCDflat panel display to the graphics system.Besides simplicity, key advantages arerelatively low power operation and lowEMI characteristics. The digital approachsimplified the interface to the laptopdisplay considerably.

The digital interface not only carries theRGB graphics information, but includesthe pixel clock signal too. This is espe-cially important as it provides repetitive,nanosecond timing for the display andnegates the need for a sophisticated phase-locked loop system to maintain imagestability. It is expected that use of thedigital interface lowers the display costsince complex A-to-D circuitry is notneeded. Whether or not you and I will see


14

MMIITTSSUUBBIISSHHII

Mitsubishi has recently announced a newconcept in LCD projector products.Customers are able to select the set offeatures that best represents their projectorneeds and have them incorporated into anew, ultra portable seven-pound chassis.To fit the greatest number of application-needs, the Better Choice Series is availablein three categories: the Value ChoiceOption (S50) for the champion in priceperformance value overall, the SuperChoice Option (X50) for the best priceperformance value in XGA projection andthe Performance Choice Option (X70) foruncompromised performance. The S50offers 1100 ANSI lumens and a nativeresolution of 800 x 600, the X50 offers850 peak ANSI lumens with a native reso-lution of 1024 x 768, and the X70 offers1200 peak ANSI lumens with a nativeresolution of 1024 x 768. The projectorsinputs are: RGB/component video (15 pinHD), composite video (RCA) and S-video(4 pin DIN). The S50, X50 and X70 willbe available in February for $5,995,$6,995 and $7,995.

Recommended Extron accessories: ForVGA, use the P/2 DA2 MT, P/2 DA2 Plus,SW 2 VGA DA2 A/AF or other VGAswitchers and VGA extension cables. ForMac, use the Mac DA2 Plus and ourMac/VGA adapters. Use the new DVS 150 to enhance video signals.

ExtroNews publishes information about newproducts that are relative to the Extron productline in the New News section. If you would like

a new product to be reviewed for New News,please send a press release, literature, contact

name and a four color slide or photo to:

X70

Pat Charlton, New NewsExtron Electronics1230 South Lewis StreetAnaheim, CA 92805Phone: (714) 491-1500 ext. 6244

EEIIKKII

Eiki has recently introduced the LC-SX2U(Powerhouse Two) LCD SXGAdata/video projector. The LC-SX2U offersa horizontal scan frequency range of 15 to 120 kHz, a vertical scan frequency of50 to 120 Hz and a native resolution of1280 x 1024. It is compatible with allcomputer signals ranging from VGA up toUXGA, as well as, NTSC, PAL, SECAM,HDTV and digital signals. The projectorinputs are: RGBHV/BNC, 15-pin HD,MDR20 (DFP port), composite video(BNC), component video (BNC) and S-video (4-pin DIN). The suggested listprice is $23,995.

Recommended Extron accessories: Forcomputer connection, use the RGB 202xi,RGB 302/304 or Architectural Series inter-faces. For RGB distribution, use ADA Seriesdistribution amplifiers and BNC extensioncables. Use the new DVS 150 to enhancevideo signals. For direct digital signal distri-bution and extension, use the new D/2 DA4or the new DDTX/DDRXtransmitter/receiver.

LC-SX2U (POWERHOUSE TWO)

LLIIGGHHTTWWAARREE

Lightware has recently introduced a newultralight LCD projector, the Scout 2000.The Scout 2000 weighs just 4.9 poundsand is slim enough to fit neatly into abriefcase alongside a laptop. It has a trueSVGA resolution of 800 x 600 and iscompatible with virtually any laptop(VGA, SVGA, XGA and Macintosh).Lightware’s exclusive Optimum ProjectionTechnology™ uses revolutionary opticstechnology that displays high-qualityimages while reducing the size and weightof the projector. The Scout 2000 offers 500lumens of brightness output and has a 15-pinHD input connector. The suggested listprice is $2,495.

Recommended Extron accessories:For VGA, use the P/2 DA2 Plus, SW2 VGA DA2 A/AF or other VGAswitchers and VGA extension cables. ForMac, use the Mac DA2 Plus and ourMac/VGA adapters.

SCOUT 2000


15

RRUUNNCCOO

Runco has recently introduced a newHDTV-capable CRT video projector, theDTV-943. The DTV-943 offers a horizontalscan frequency range of 15 to 50 kHz, avertical frequency range of 37 to 210 Hzand an optical resolution of 10 linepairs/mm. It features an internal scaler,which automatically accelerates the scanrate of NTSC component, S-video orcomposite video to 38.8 kHz and caneasily be bypassed when a computer orHigh-Definition signal is input. It willdisplay all 18 ATSC DTV formats,including 720p and 1080i. The projectorinputs are: Component/RGB(RGBS/BNC), composite video (RCA) and S-video (4-pin DIN). The suggestedlist price is $17,995.

Recommended Extron accessories: Forcomputer connection, use the RGB 202xi,RGB 302/304 or Architectural Series interfaces. For RGB distribution, use ADA Series distribution amplifiers andBNC extension cables. Use the new DVS 150 to enhance video signals.

DTV-943

SSAANNYYOO

Sanyo has recently introduced the EF-10NAdigital technology LCD projector. The EF-10NA offers a horizontal scan range of15 to 100 kHz, a vertical scan range of 50 to 100 Hz and a true SXGA native resolution of 1280 x 1024. It offers 3300ANSI lumens making it the brightest LCDprojector available in its class. With itstwin-stacking capability, it can project acombined total of nearly 6600 ANSIlumens. The projector inputs are:RGBHV/BNC, 15-pin HD, componentvideo (BNC), S-video (4-pin DIN),composite video (BNC) and a MDR20 pinport for digital signals. The suggested listprice is $23,995.

Recommended Extron accessories: Forcomputer connection, use the RGB 202xi,RGB 302/304 or Architectural Series inter-faces. For RGB distribution, use ADA Seriesdistribution amplifiers and BNC extensioncables. Use the new DVS 150 to enhancevideo signals. For direct digital signal distri-bution and extension, use the new D/2 DA4or the new DDTX/DDRXtransmitter/receiver.

EF-10NA

VVIIDDIIKKRROONN

Vidikron has recently introduced theKronos One HDTV-compatible CRTprojector. The Kronos One offers a hori-zontal scan rate ranging from 30 to 50 kHz,a vertical scan rate ranging from 38 to 180 Hz and a native resolution of 1024 x 768. It is fully capable ofdisplaying all currently available HDTVformats, as well as line-doubled NTSC andother enhanced-definition images. It alsoprovides computer inputs for VGA,SVGA, XGA, SXGA and Macintoshsignals. The RGB input uses standard BNCconnectors and can accommodate hori-zontal, vertical, or composite sync for usewith a video processor, computer orHDTV decoder. The Kronos One iscurrently available in light gray and has asuggested list price of $10,995.

Recommended Extron accessories: Forcomputer connection, use the RGB 202xi,RGB 302/304 or Architectural Series interfaces. For RGB distribution, use ADA Series distribution amplifiers andBNC extension cables. Use the new DVS 150 to enhance video signals.

KRONOS ONE

As we discussed in the last issue,Extron’s Web site has undergonesome interesting changes over the pastfew months. In the last installment,we covered the new features ofExtron’s site search engine, as well asall of the product-related andtechnical information available on thesite. This time we’ll take a look atways you can tailor the site to yourown personal preference.

It’s a pretty sure bet that the range ofpersonal tastes for the users of anygiven Web site are as varied as the


16

Big Changes In Cyberspace, Part IItypes of things you’ll find whilecruising the InformationSuperhighway. Your preferences arenot necessarily the same as the nextperson’s. With this in mind, Extronwill be offering you more ways tofine-tune the site to work in the waythat’s best for you.

Interactive menus are the first in a seriesof new features we’ll be adding to oursite in the near future, so stay tuned.We’ll continue to add applications thatmake Extron’s Web site more intuitiveand easier to use.

3

One thing to keep in mind: Many ofthe Personalize options require thelatest and greatest Web browser(Internet Explorer 4.x or newer,Netscape Navigator 4.x or newer) towork. If you don’t have one of thesebrowsers, we highly recommendupgrading.

Stay tuned to the next edition ofExtroNews, as we continue to explorethe new and revamped features ofExtron’s Web site. Until then, stop byhttp://www.extron.com/ and to see thesite for yourself.

1We’ve started byoffering a quickand easy way toget directly to theinformation you’relooking for—without having tonavigate through

multiple pages. These interactivemenus drop down for easy accessto all of the information onExtron’s Web site.

2

Once on the personalization page, make surethe box for interactive menus is checked andclick the Submit button and you’re all set! Ifyou should later decide not to use the menus,simply uncheck the interactive menus box andthe menus will be deactivated.

To activate thedrop-downmenus, click onthe Personalizelink in the menubar at the top-right corner ofExtron’s homepage.


17

graphics cards, no image information willbe output unless this communicationschannel is working properly. The DVIstandard calls for a minimum resolutionof 640 x 480 if no DDC communicationis detected.

THE SAME BUT DIFFERENTEssentially TMDS and LDI are the twofundamental methods of transmissionvying for the market attention. Both uselow voltage differential technology. Bothhave multiple lines of twisted pairconductors. Both operate at severalhundred megabits per second. Bothtransmit the pixel clock to the display.Both do a great job! But, each of theseimplementations utilizes unique elec-tronics, unique connections, and uniquedata encoding. One type will not plug intothe other.

The evolving digital interface topologiesare the brainchild of multiple consortia of display manufacturers working withthe PC industry to realize an approachthat does not compromise image qualityand, hopefully, makes displays cheaperand easier to manufacture. Eithertopology has built into it enoughexpansion capability to last us another tenyears at least. This notion is furthersupported by the physical attributes ofwhat users consider enough display reso-lution for their needs. Certainly, no onewill ignore the possibility of obtainingmore resolution through some technicalbreakthrough in graphics controller tech-nology, but how many of us will need it?OK, we’ll want it just because it’s there,but be comfortable with the fact that theevolution toward digital interfacing ishere to stay.

CLOSE AND VERY PERSONALFor you “road warriors”, connecting yourpersonal computer to your “personalprojector” becomes very simple andstraightforward. Drop it on the confer-ence table, plug in your six-foot cable,and hit the switch. That’s it. Oh, don’tforget to have your projector ONdepending on whether you are booting tothe projector or into your local display, as


method is not the only digital interface nowin use within the flat panel display market.Another interface developed by NationalSemiconductor is similar in concept andimplementation. That approach is calledLVDS, or Low Voltage DifferentialSignaling. Its first and most prolific imple-mentations are hiding inside our laptopcomputers—connecting the LCD display tothe graphics controller. Although thisinterface is not adopted in most availablemonitor or projector products, NationalSemiconductor has published an open spec-ification called LDI (LVDS DisplayInterface). The standard is supportedthrough an array of driver/receiver ICproducts interfacing not only displays, buta wide range of high performance trans-mission situations, like computer bustechnology. Today, LDI is the interfaceused in Silicon Graphics’ 1600SWdesktop flat panel monitor available witha variety of their workstations. Digitalinterfacing is exciting, particularly fordisplay and projector manufacturers, butyou must be aware that the industry hasnot fully standardized on one implemen-tation. See page 12, “Plug and PlayersBeware”.

ESSENTIAL COMMUNICATIONSHow does the computer “know” whatresolution to deliver to the display?Based on all the previous techno-babble,the answer to this question is essential.An important aspect of all new digitalinterfaces is the inclusion of the DataDisplay Channel, or DDC. This standardfor communications between the displayand the graphics source, developed byVESA, is the vital link in implementing“Plug and Play”.

The DDC ensures proper display setupvia a separate, unique communicationschannel between the display and thecomputer graphics controller. Thischannel bypasses the image dataprocessing that occurs in either type ofdigital interface. The display “tells” thecomputer what it is and what it is capableof displaying. This ensures that thegraphics controller boots up to drive thedisplay to its highest resolution. In some

a lower cost, we can at least expect to getimproved simplicity and quality when theinterface is applied correctly.

The most widely implemented version ofthis digital approach is referred to as theDigital Flat Panel interface, or DFP forshort. Several projector manufacturerssuch as Proxima, Sharp, Compaq, Sanyo,NEC, Sony, and Infocus already offer theDFP interface on specific products. Howwill you recognize it? Their product speci-fications may refer to it as the DFPinterface or the PanelLink‚ digitalinterface.

Most implementations of the DFP interfaceutilize the proprietary PanelLink electricaldriver/receiver design developed bySilicon Image, Inc. This technology,whose functional topology is referred to asTMDS (Transition Minimized DifferentialSignaling), is connected to the projectorvia a 20-pin MDR connector. The MDR isa compact dual-row scheme no larger thanthe existing 15-pin VGA connector. Itsprofile is actually shorter and easier toimplement in restricted spaces. The MDRconnection is the byproduct of recent VESA(Video Electronics Standards Association)standards aimed at guiding this new digitalinterface era.

Competing with the VESA DFP method-ology is the new standard developed by agroup of manufacturers under the guidanceof Intel Corporation called the DigitalDisplay Working Group, or DDWG. TheTMDS approach is the heart of their newstandard called Digital Visual Interface(DVI). DVI promotes use of SiliconImage’s TMDS system and two newversions of interface connector that, theycontend, should ease the transition fromthe legacy analog VGA connector. At thetime of this writing, the DVI seems to bemore favored as the coming market trendfor display manufacturers.

However, as there is always “more thanone way to skin the cat”, the PanelLink



18

in a laptop. Remember, the DDC channelwill need to tell the computer what youare driving.

“That’s fine,” you say, “but I’ve got amore permanent installation for myprojector and I want to take advantage ofthe digital performance along with plugand play.” The projector is to be ceilingmounted and the cabling to it must beover 50 feet. Oops. Unfortunately, the

digital interface specification handles cablelengths up to about 10 meters only. This isthe point at which “long haul” interfacingmethods come into play. This will cost alittle more depending on the installation,but there are some extension productscurrently available that will solve thisproblem. Simply extending the cable doesnot work. With digital systems in general,there is the “cliff effect” where operationceases suddenly once signal degradationreaches a specific point.

Now, you are perhaps a little wiser of thenew revolution in projector and displayconnectivity. Like the personal computer,projectors are rapidly improving in priceto value ratio. The projector digitalinterface is one giant step toward theideal world of presentation plug and play.But don’t trade in your VGA card justyet. You can expect the good ol’ VGAinterface to hang around on thosepersonal projectors for some time whilethe transition to digital continues.


Extron exhibited our newest products at thefirst annual INFOCOMM Europe, held inKöln, Germany this past November. Asteady stream of visitors dropped by thebooth to speak with our Extron Europesupport representatives and learn about thelatest products.

To acknowledge the significant contribu-tions of our European associates, Extronhosted over 200 guests at a reception inKöln Messe’s Kristallsaal Ballroom. Wewelcomed the chance to chat with A/Vindustry professionals from a variety ofEuropean countries.Andrew Edwards, President of ExtronElectronics, introduced our new EuropeanSales Support Manager, Theo van Beek, andpersonally thanked all the dealers, consult-ants, and manufacturers for their vitalsupport. Then Andrew introduced the ICIABoard Members and recognized ICIA’sachievement in successfully staging the firstINFOCOMM Europe. Extron was acknowl-edged by ICIA for our support of theProjection Shoot-Out and ICIA’s endeavors.

The Projection Shoot-Out had 28 entries inthe display device comparison event. All28—except for one CRT—were LCDprojectors, plasma displays, and DLPprojectors. The HDTV Demo featured oneDLP projector showing HDTV material ona 27-foot wide screen. “The HDTV screenwas so huge that one could even see thecenter posts of the individual DMD mirrorsfrom a short distance away,” notes Hans

Rigelman, Extron’s Manager of ProductSupport Engineering and a member of theShoot-Out technical support team. He adds,“Many of those visiting the Shoot-Outstopped by to peer into our Control Roomto see our equipment and how we werecontrolling the show.”

Walt Blackwell, ICIA’s Executive Directorcomments, “The launch of INFOCOMMEurope was extremely successful. We had7000 attendees participate—50% fromoutside of Germany, with large contingentsfrom the Netherlands, the United Kingdom,and the Middle East. INFOCOMMEurope’s success was punctuated by thepresence of the 30 American companieswho took part and closed on large orders.We were delighted with our partnershipwith Köln Messe and look forward toworking with them on future events.”

In 2000, INFOCOMM Europe will be inte-grated with Photokina. Extron thanks all theparticipants of this year’s successfulINFOCOMM Europe!

Extron at INFOCOMM Europe

EXTRON ELECTRONICS/RGB SYSTEMS, INC.1230 South Lewis Street, Anaheim, CA 92805800.633.9876 714.491.1500 FAX 714.491.1517U.S.A.

EXTRON ELECTRONICS, EUROPEBeeldschermweg 6C, 3821 AH Amersfoort+31.33.453.4040 FAX +31.33.453.4050The Netherlands

EXTRON ELECTRONICS, ASIA41B Kreta Ayer Road, Singapore 089003+65.226.0015 FAX +65.226.0019Singapore

EXTRON ELECTRONICS INFORMATIONEXTRONWEB™: www.extron.comEXTRONFAX™: 714.491.019224-hour access—worldwide!

800.633.9876 • www.extron.com

Break the Distance Barrier for DirectDigital Signal Distribution

Digital Video Output

DFP Cables

Digital Projector Digital ProjectorDirect Digital Monitor

D/2 DA4

What is Direct Digital Technology?Direct Digital technology is a new form of video for computers which uses adirect digital video link between the computer's video output and the local moni-tor. With Direct Digital the video signal stays in digital form from the computerto the monitor, this maintains the original signal and image quality perfectly. TwoDirect Digital connectivity standards have been created that use the same digitalsignal but vary in terms of the pin configuration and connector type. The DigitalFlat Panel (DFP) connector/pin configuration was developed by VESA. TheDigital Visual Interface (DVI) connector/pin configuration was developed by agroup of companies called the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG). Bothof these connectors carry the same digital signal format referred to as transitionminimized differential signaling (TMDS). This signal format was developed bySilicon Image, and is a component of Silicon Image’s PanelLink® technology.

Direct Digital Distribution AmplifierExtron’s new D/2 DA4 is a one input, four output, direct digital distribution ampli-fier that distributes DFP or DVI signals to up to four comparable displays. TheD/2 DA4 is ideal for applications requiring identical Images on multiple direct digi-tal monitors or projectors with identical resolutions and refresh rates. The D/2 DA4accepts DFP/DVI—Panel Link/TMDS—signals and distributes them up to fouridentical, independently buffered outputs for cable runs up to 15 feet.

Direct Digital Long Distance Line DriverExtron’s new DDTX/DDRX is a direct digital video transmitter-receiver setdesigned for long-distance transmission of DFP or DVI signals between a sourceand direct digital display. The DDTX/DDRX set is comprised of a direct digitaltransmitter (DDTX) and direct digital receiver (DDRX).

Distance LimitationNormally, DFP/DVI—TMDS/PanelLink™—signals are designed to travel amaximum distance of 15 feet; however, with use of the DDTX/DDRX,DFP/DVI signals are able to travel up to 330 feet (100 meters), depending on thetype and quality of cable used. The DDTX/DDRX uses proprietary digital tech-nology to compensate for signal loss and ringing. And ensure high quality results.

Extron’s DDTX/DDRX and D/2 DA4 provide the following advantages:• Compatible with direct digital sources and direct digital displays

• DFP connectors for DFP signals; DDTX uses attached DFP input cable

• Accept single-link DVI signals via optional DVI-to-DFP adapter

• Housed in 1U high, 1/2 rack width enclosures

• 100-240VAC, 50/60 Hz, auto-switchable internal power supplies

The DDTX/DDRX part number is 60-316-01.The D/2 DA4 part number is 60-315-01.

For complete details, please visit Extron’s website athttp://www.extron.com/product/product.asp?id=ddtxhttp://www.extron.com/product/product.asp?id=d2da4


Extron School and Extron School On theRoad Schedules 2000Jan. 11-12 ............Extron School On the Road..............Anaheim, CAJan. 13-14 ............Extron School On the Road..............Anaheim, CAJan. 18-19 ............Extron School On the Road ..............Houston, TXJan. 20-21 ............Extron School On the Road ..............Houston, TXJan. 17-18 ......................Extron School ..................The NetherlandsJan. 27-28 ..............Extron School Sales Class ..............Anaheim, CAFeb. 15-16 ............Extron School On the Road................Boston, MAFeb. 17-18 ............Extron School On the Road................Boston, MAFeb. 24-25 ..............Extron School Tech Class................Anaheim, CAFeb. 28-29 ......................Extron School ..................The Netherlands

EXTRON ELECTRONICS/RGB SYSTEMS, INC.1230 South Lewis Street, Anaheim, CA 92805800.633.9876 714.491.1500 FAX 714.491.1517U.S.A.

EXTRON ELECTRONICS, EUROPEBeeldschermweg 6C, 3821 AH Amersfoort+31.33.453.4040 FAX +31.33.453.4050The Netherlands

EXTRON ELECTRONICS, ASIA41B Kreta Ayer Road, Singapore 089003+65.226.0015 FAX +65.226.0019Singapore

EXTRON ELECTRONICS INFORMATIONEXTRONWEB™: www.extron.comEXTRONFAX™: 714.491.019224-hour access—worldwide!

To request additional quantities of Extron’s 2000 calendar to be mailed to you, please contact

your Extron Customer Support Representative at:714.491.1500 (Extron USA)

+31.33.453.4040 (Extron Europe)+65.226.0015 (Extron Asia)

Accompanying yourNov/Dec 1999 ExtroNews isExtron’s 2000 calendar,which conveniently displaysall dates and locations forExtron School, ExtronSchool On the Road, ICIASchools, CEDIA RegionalEducation seminars, andindustry-related tradeshows. Also, Extron’snewest products arefeatured along the bordersof the calendar.

Extron’s 2000 Calendars

A Chance to Win a VTG 200!ExtroNews™ takes an annual survey to find out what youthink about our newsletter. We would like to know whicheditorial pieces are your favorite, or what additional thingsyou would like to see in our upcoming issues. A 1999Annual Survey Card has been included in the envelopewith this newsletter. Please take the time to fill it out andmail it back to Extron no later than February 29, 2000. Allcards received by February 29, 2000 will be included in adrawing to receive a free VTG 200 .

extron’s new vsc 150 advances the technology of scan conversion · 2001-03-01 · drawers on,...

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