f ood borne infections. f ood borne illness any illness resulting from the consumption of...
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FOOD BORNE INFECTIONS
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FOOD BORNE ILLNESS
Any illness resulting from the consumption
of contaminated food:
Pathogenic bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
Toxic chemical
Natural toxins such as poisonous mushrooms
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BACTERIAL CAUSES
Shigella species (bacillary dysentery)
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi (typhoid
and paratyphois fever)
Campylobacter jejuni (gastroenteritis)
Vibrio cholerae (cholera)
Escherichia coli (diarrheal diseases)
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SHIGELLA INFECTION
Shigella cause bloody diarrhea
(dysentery)
Often begins with watery diarrhea
accompanied by fever and abdominal
cramps
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TRANSMISSION
Infect only humans
Mostly person-to-person spread
Faecal-oral route through contaminated food and water
House flies
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SHIGELLOSIS
164.7 million case annually
163.2 in developing countries
1.1 million death
61% of mortalities in children < 5 years
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SALMONELLA PATHOGENIC SEROTYPES
Typhi, Paratyphi A, B and C
Primarily human pathogens
Only found in human
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PATHOGENICITY OF SALMONELLA
Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid)
Gastroenteritis and food poisoning
Bacteraemia
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CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
Cause gastroenteritis
Poultry products
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CHOLERA
Caused by Vibrio cholerae
Massive watery diarrhoea
Epidemics
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ESCHERICHIA COLI (DIARRHEAL DISEASES)
Diarrhea in infants
Traveler diarrhea
Hemorrhagic diarrhea
Dysentery similar to shigellosis
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BACTERIA FOOD POISONING
Staphylococcus aureus (diary products)
Salmonella typhimurium (poultry products)
Bacillus cereus (rice)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (sea food)
Clostridium botulinum (caned food)
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VIRAL FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Common cause of diarrhoea
Self-limiting
Dehydration
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VIRAL FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Enterovirus (poliomyelitis)
Hepatitis A (hepatitis)
Hepatitis E (hepatitis)
Rotavirus (diarrhoea)
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PARASITIC FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
Cryptosporidium parvum (cryptosporidiosis)
Entamoeba histolytica (parasitic dysentery)
Giardia lamblia (giardiasis )
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MANAGEMENT
Re-hydration
Anti-toxin
Antibiotics
Antiviral
Anti-parasitic
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BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
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BLOOD-BORNE DISEASES
A blood-borne disease is one that can be
spread through contamination by blood
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MOST COMMON EXAMPLES
HIV
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
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OTHER MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
High-risk sexual behavior
Intravenous drug use
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VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE
Diseases transmitted by insect or other
vector
Causative agent can be found in blood
Vector-borne diseases include:
West Nile virus
Dengue fever
Malaria
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STANDARD MEDICAL PRACTICE
Treat all blood (and body fluids) as potentially
infectious
Blood and Body Fluid precautions are a standard
infection control measure to minimize Blood-
borne infections
Needle-stick injuries is the greatest threat to
health care workers
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