Timeline of Formula One Regulation and Rule Changes Although Formula One races began in 1948, safety was not much of an issue in the first 10 years and technological progress was extremely slow compared to modern standards. In the 1950s, death was an accepted risk for winning a race so very few regulations were changed.

1950s

1950-1953 Engine specs set at 1500 cc maximum size for engines with a compressor or 4500 cc for normally aspirated engines. For the 1952 and 1953 World Drivers' Championships, engine specs were set at 750 cc maximum for engines with a compressor or 2000 cc for normally aspirated engines, but the Formula One regulations remained unchanged. 1952 - Crash-helmets were made compulsory; but were made with dubious materials and resembled a dinner bowl. 1954 - Engine specs amended to allow 750 cc maximum engine size with a compressor or 2500 cc for a normally aspirated engine. 1958 - The use of commercial petrol became compulsory and alcohol-based racing fuels were no longer permitted.

1960s

1961–1965 - Engine specs amended to a normally aspirated engine of between 1300 cc and 1500 cc, no compressors allowed, minimum weight set at 450 kg, pump fuel only, automatic starter, roll bar required, double braking system mandatory, standardised seatbelt anchorage, fire protection for fuel tanks, fillers and breathers, FIA begin to organise safety inspections, protective helmet and overalls obligatory, flag signalling code established. 1966–1969 - Engine specs amended to a 1500 cc engine with a compressor or a 3000 cc normally aspirated engine allowed, minimum weight set at 500 kg, electrical circuit breaker, reverse gear,

oil catch tank, a roll bar 5 cm above driver's head, two-part extinguisher system and cockpit designed for quick evacuation all made mandatory, all aerodynamic features must be immobile (thereby banning air brakes) and fixed to a sprung part of the car, maximum bodywork height and width restrictions ban the use of dangerous high wings, recommendations made on seat harnesses, fire resistant clothing and shatter-proof visors.

1970s

1970 - Engine specs amended to 1500 cc compressed engine or 3000 cc normally aspirated engine, minimum weight set at 530 kg, safety bladder fuel cell tanks introduced, report published on track standards, double guard rails in place, recommended straw bales be banned, 3 metre grass verges, spectators to be kept a minimum of 3 metres behind guard railings, barrier between pit lane and track as well as track width, surface and gradient recommendations and mandatory FIA inspections of track facilities. 1971 - Role responsibilities and mandatory equipment list set out for race supervisors, marshals and signalers, drivers must be evacuated from cockpit in less than five seconds. All race distances must be under 200 miles (320 km). 1972 - Maximum permitted size of a compressed engine increased to 1500 cc, minimum weight increased to 550 kg, safety foam in fuel tanks, no magnesium sheeting to be less than 3 mm thick, 15w red rear light mandatory, head rest required, minimum cockpit dimensions, combined electrical cut off and extinguisher external handle required, fuel tanks to meet FIA specifications, six point harness required, circuit safety criteria set down, driver's code of conduct released. 1973 - Numbers assigned to drivers. The #1 number is assigned to the reigning World Champion. Minimum weight increased to 575 kg, crushable structure around fuel tanks mandatory, no chrome plating of suspension parts allowed, drivers required to carry medical card and submit to medical examination before race, catch fencing and rescue equipment mandatory at races, fire service regulations established, starting grid dimensions standardised.

1974 - Self-sealing fuel lines mandatory, sand traps added to catch fencing as safety features at circuits, 2x2 staggered starting grid with 12 metres allowed per car. 1975 - Marshal's posts to be provided with service roads for ease of access, FIA standard set for fire resistant clothing. 1976 - Airboxes on top of cars banned, cooling of engines through similar means is heavily limited. "Safety structures" around dashboard and pedals implemented. 1977 - Pedal box safety structures more adequately defined, gravel traps defined more adequately, FIA approved standards for helmets. 1978 - Brabham's BT46B 'fan car' deemed illegal and banned, bulkhead behind driver and front roll bar defined, licence qualification criteria set for all drivers, all grid slots allocated 14 metres per car. 1979 - Medical air required to be piped into drivers helmet in the event of an accident, bigger cockpit opening, two mirrors and better fire extinguisher on board cars required, FIA appointed, professional, permanent race starter mandatory.

1980s

1980 - Permanent medical facility staffed by FIA approved medics required at all tracks, fast response car mandatory at all races, minimum weight for F1 car set at 575 kg. 1981 - The new Formula One World Championship is officially established by Formula One Management, an organization headed by Britons Bernie Ecclestone and Max Mosley. New standards included no sequences of races being run over a period of seven months and official start times. The series is now an official business operating by its own standards while adhering

to FIA regulations. Private entries of other makes of car disallowed. Teams must enter their own cars (could still purchase engines and gearboxes) and commit to the number of races scheduled each season. Flexible side skirts banned, mandatory ground clearance of 6 cm required, Lotus twin chassis type 88 outlawed, pit lane minimum width set at 10 metres, survival cell extending to the front of the drivers feet introduced to improve driver survivability in the event of an accident, minimum weight of car set at 585 kg. 1982 - Rotary engines, diesel engines, gas turbine engines and sarich orbital engines all banned as part of the Concorde Agreement, rigid skirts legalised and ride height restrictions removed, minimum weight of car set at 580 kg. 1983 - Ground effect outlawed completely for the beginning of the 1983 season.[28] all cars return to a flat undertray, four wheel drive banned along with cars with more than four wheels,[29] minimum weight set at 540 kg. 1984 - In race refuelling outlawed, fuel tank required to be in centre of car, between driver and engine, maximum fuel capacity set at 220 litres per race, drivers required to have FIA super license for F1, concrete retaining walls permitted alongside guard rails. 1985 - Rear-wing size limits set. All cars now subject to a frontal crash test to be deemed race worthy. 1986 - Catch-fencing banned, permanent FIA medical service inspector and medevac helicopter mandatory at race meetings. All F1 test sessions completed under full race meeting safety conditions, engine capacity 1500 cc with compressor, normally aspirated engines prohibited, maximum fuel consumption 195 litres per race. 1987 - Boost pressure capped at 4.0 bars, minimum weight of cars set at 500 kg., normally aspirated engines permitted again, with a maximum capacity of 3500 cc and no fuel limit. Grid slots allocated 16 metres per car. FIA bans turbos from 1989 onwards. 1988 - Boost pressure reduced to 2.5 bars, maximum fuel consumption of turbo cars reduced to 150 litres per race. In any design the drivers feet must not extend beyond the front wheel axle, static crash test of survival cell and fuel cell mandatory, minimum weight of cars increased to 540 kg. 1989 - Turbocharged engines banned, normally aspirated engines of 3500 cc in size and 8 to 12 cylinders the only engines permitted, fuel restrictions removed, all track side guard rails must be a minimum of 1 metre in height and the pit wall must be a minimum of 1 m 35 cm in height, all drivers subject to anti-doping testing as per IOC guidelines.

1990s 1990 - Large mirrors and quick release steering wheel mandatory, all marshals and medical staff must practice driver extrication exercises. 1991 - Front wing narrowed to 140 cm. Rear overhang reduced to 50 cm. Stringent FIA tests of survival cell includes seat belts, fuel tanks and roll bar. Points scoring system overhauled, win now secures 10 points and all results to count instead of best 11 scores. 1992 - Survival cell testing includes rear impact testing, height of kerbing lowered, minimum

width of pit lane increased to 12 m, pit lane entry chicane mandatory, safety car introduced. 1993 - Rear tyre width reduced to 15 inches, overall car width reduced to 200 cm. Rear wing height reduced to 90 cm, distance of front end plates from flat bottom increased to 40 mm, head rest area increased 400 cm2. Continuously variable transmission (CVT) banned, end of race crowd control measures implemented, 50 km/h speed lane restriction during free practice, fuel used restricted to that available to the general public. 1994 - Ban on electronic driver aids such as active suspension, traction control, launch control, ABS, and 4 wheel steering, mid race refueling allowed, starting from the Monaco race onwards, a pit lane speed limit is put in place. Reduction in the rear wing height of 10 cm, an increase in the front wing height, no front wing trailing assemblies to extend behind front wheel, a 10 mm wooden plank fitted to the under tray (permitted to be worn by no more than 1 mm by the race end), ban on high rear wing assemblies extending ahead of the rear axle line, depressurising engine airbox to reduce power, minimum headrest thickness 75 mm introduced, more stringent fire extinguisher regulations and driver helmet criteria implemented, pit lane speed restriction of 80 km/h in practice and 120 km/h in race conditions introduced, parade lap to be completed behind safety car, spectator area of pit to be fire shielded, changes to circuit layouts implemented to remove or modify 27 corners identified as very high risk. 1995 - Reduction in engine capacity from 3,500 to 3,000 cc to further slow cars, longer cockpit openings to reduce risk of head injury in accidents, survival cell side impact tests introduced, obligatory automatic neutral selection when engine stops, increase in length chassis must extend beyond drivers feet to 30 cm, frontal impact test speed increased to 12 m/s, kerbs made smoother, pit wall debris shield installed, mandatory 3 inch safety straps, more stringent super license criteria and fuel restrictions. 1996 - Increased cockpit protection around driver's head. Front wing end plates to be no more than 10 mm thick to reduce damage to tyres of another car in the event of collision, all harness release levers must point downwards, to qualify for a race all cars must now be within 107% of pole time, car numbers now allocated based on previous seasons performance, Friday qualifying abandoned, number of free practice sessions increased to three and number of laps increased to 30, standardisation of all FIA safety cars and medical cars, more fire drills for marshals, starting procedure improved, data storage unit to be mounted within survival cell. 1997 - Test tracks now require FIA approval and supervision, kerbing standardised, bolted tyre wall construction obligatory, cars to carry FIA ADR (accident data recorder) to analyse success of implemented safety measures, FIA approval required for all chief medical officers and medical centres, safety car made more powerful and may now be used for wet weather starts, accident intervention plan revised. 1998 - Narrow track era begins and width of car reduced to 1.8 metres with teams now running rubber with grooves in (4 on the rear and 3 on the front) to reduce the speed of the cars, asymmetric braking banned, X-wings banned, single fuel bladder mandatory, refueling connector must be covered, cockpit dimensions increased, side impact test now to use 100% more energy, tyre barrier effectiveness increased, pit lane must now have 100 m of straight running before first pit garage, increased use of pit lane lights alongside flags. 1999 - Number of grooves on front tyres increased to four, flexible wings banned, pit lane shielding standardised, some run off areas to have asphalt instead of sand traps, at least four medical intervention cars and an FIA doctor car required, ADR required to be in operation during testing, wheels must be tethered to car to reduce the risk of launched components during an accident, rear and lateral headrest assembly made one piece and quick release, engine oil breathers must vent into engine air intake, extractable driver's seat madatory, frontal impact test speed increased to 13 m/s.

2000s

2000 - Engines other than V10, normally aspirated, larger than 3000cc, are banned. 2001 - Traction control allowed again, use of beryllium alloys in chassis or engine construction banned. Larger cockpit entry template and survival cell. Rear wings must have no more than 3 elements. 2002 - Team orders banned after Rubens Barrichello hands victory to Michael Schumacher at final corner of the Austrian Grand Prix. 2003 - Bi directional telemetry banned, HANS (head and neck safety) system mandatory, change to point scoring system, points now awarded down to 8th place, actual points scored now to run 10,8,6,5,4,3,2,1, testing allowed on Friday of a race meeting in exchange for reduction of testing mileage allowed outside of the Grand Prix calendar to make it more affordable for smaller teams, changes to qualifying session with only one flying lap now allowed for grid position with the 107% rule no longer applied, cars may not be refueled between final qualifying and the race start. 2004 - Engines required to last a whole race meeting, minimum weight set at 605 kg during qualifying no less than 600 kg at all other times, pit lane speed limited to 100 km/h at all times, each driver must select his wet and dry weather tyre compounds before race start, minimum size of engine cover and rear wing end plates set to maximise advertising space, multi element rear wings banned and two element wings mandated, launch control banned for the second time, fully automatic transmission banned. 2005 - Rear diffuser size reduced to limit downforce, all engines required to last two race weekends, qualifying format changed to two aggregate times from Saturday afternoon and Sunday morning to count towards grid positions (this format lasted until the European GP when qualifying reverted to a driver's fastest single lap to count from Saturday afternoon qualifying), further changes to dimensions of front and rear wings and nose of car to make overtaking easier, restriction on tyre changes during qualifying and the race itself, if a driver stalls on the grid after the parade lap the other cars will now complete a second lap whilst the stalled vehicle is removed, in the event of a red flag the two-hour race clock will no longer freeze between race sessions. 2006 - Only 14 sets of tyres allowed all weekend (seven dry, four wets and three extreme wets), in race tyre changing permitted again, qualifying format changed to three 15 minute shoot outs where slowest cars are eliminated in first two sessions leaving the 10 quickest to start with a clean slate and go for pole position, the final session was reduced to 15 minutes from the French Grand Prix onwards, Saturday free practice increased to an hour in length. Engine capacity limited to 2400 cc and number of cylinders reduced to eight in an attempt to reduce horsepower (teams were allowed to run a rev restricted V10 for an interim period if no engine under new regulations was available to them), restriction in use of non-ferrous materials in engine construction along with limiting the number of valves per cylinder to four, all engines must be of a 'V' configuration and at an angle of 90 degrees, 2007 - Tuned mass damper system banned, rev limit of 19,000 rpm introduced, rear wing structure strengthened to prevent flexing, increased strength required from rear crash structure, single tyre supplier (Bridgestone), revised tyre regulations, engine development frozen until the end of 2008 to cut costs, no teams may run a 3rd car on Friday, both Friday sessions extended to 90 minutes, engine changes on first day of practice no longer subject to grid place penalty, pit lane restrictions during any period the safety car is on the track, annual testing limited to 30,000 km to reduce costs. 2008 - Traction control banned for final time, teams must now use standard electronic control unit (ECU) to eliminate concealing the technology, strict limits placed on amount of CFD and wind tunnel testing per year. 2009 - Banning of almost all aerodynamic devices other than front and rear wing, slick tyres allowed once more, limit of eight race/qualifying engines for the whole season, reduction of rear wing width to 750 mm and increase in height to 950 mm, reduction in ground clearance of front wing to 50 mm and an increase in width to 1800 mm, rear diffuser to be longer and higher, variable front aerodynamic devices permitted and introduction of KERS (kinetic energy recovery system) to store some of the energy generated under braking and convert it into a temporary horsepower increase of around 80 bhp that can be used 6.6 seconds per lap by drivers for overtaking.

2010s

Drastic cost-cutting measures introduced. In-race refueling ban, fuel can be added to any F1 car after qualifying, but Q3 drivers must start the race with the tyres they set their fastest Q3 time with. The same 8 engine limit is maintained despite the increase to 19 races over the course of the season (with a rev limiter set at 18,000 rpm to assist in this), front tyre width reduced, ban on testing during the season as well as an agreement with teams about reducing the number of staff employed. 3 new teams mean 7 drivers are now dropped from Q1 and Q2. Scoring system changed to allow the first ten cars to receive points: 25, 18, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1. Backmarkers no longer able to unlap behind Safety

Car. Teams unanimously agree not to use KERS for 2010 season to allow time for all teams to develop and perfect their systems. 2011 - Double-diffuser concept banned, with teams requiring the use of simple, single-piece diffusers. The "F-duct" system is banned (in conjunction with banning shark fins connected to rear wing). Adjustable front wings banned. Gearboxes must last for 5 race weekends, each driver has one penalty free gearbox change. DRS (drag reduction system) introduced. During race can only be used when within 1 second of the next car by the detection zone, and only activated in the activation zone. DRS wing must immediately close under braking, and DRS is banned in the first 2 laps of each race, plus when a track is declared wet. 107% qualifying rule re-introduced. Teams agree to re-introduce KERS, with minimum car weight increasing by twenty kilograms to offset the weight of the KERS device. Sporting regulations amended to clear up last-lap safety car and qualifying in-lap procedures. Drivers warned to be examples of road safety when driving in public following Lewis Hamilton being pulled over following the 2010 Australian Grand Prix; FIA President Jean Todt suggests a policy similar to the NFL Personal Conduct code for suspension or revocation of racing licenses. Ban on team orders lifted. 2012 - Exhaust tailpipes raised, car noses reprofiled. Reactive ride systems, "exotic" engine maps, and use of heliums on air guns banned. Cars must be cleared from all crash tests before pre-season testing. Races capped to four hours. In-season testing allowed again at circuit the FIA or teams (upon agreement) choose. 2013 - Further cost-cutting measures introduced, DRS restricted at designated zones during free practice and qualifying, mid-season testing discontinued, "modesty panels" introduced, double-DRS banned, minimum weight increased to 642 kg. 2014 - New car formula of turbocharged V6 engines with 1600cc capacity and 8-speed gearbox introduced, which must now last at least 4,000 km before being replaced and have the KERS (now ERS-K) integrated into it. New penalty points system introduced, teams must nominate eight gear ratios ahead of the first race, false camera mountings banned, in-season testing returns, car nose further reprofiled. New car number system allowing driver to choose their own numbers for the duration of their career is adopted. Double points awarded for the final race of the season.

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