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FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Area Navigation (RNAV) Implementation
Mr. Hooper HarrisFAA/JAA Annual Meeting
Phoenix, AZ
June 3 - 7, 2002
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Overview
• Definitions and Advantages– RNAV, RNP, and RNP RNAV
• Differentiation
• Benefits
• Implementation - mitigating risk
• Conclusion
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
RNAV
• RNAV is a method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path: e.g., “user preferred routes.”
• The application of RNAV techniques has been shown to provide a number of advantages over conventional (source-referenced) forms of navigation.
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
RNAV Advantages
1. User preferred routes – tracks that consider pressure altitude and wind and are not associated with or constrained by an underlying navigation aid.
2. Establishment of: a. more direct routes, resulting in shorter flight distances;b. dual or parallel routes to accommodate a greater flow of en route traffic;c. bypass routes for aircraft over flying high-density terminal areas;d. alternatives or contingency routes, either planned or unplanned (e.g., severe weather avoidance); ande. the best locations for holding patterns.
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
RNP & Advantages
• A statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operation within a defined airspace.
• The term RNP is also applied as a descriptor for airspace, routes, and procedures. The descriptor is flexible and can apply to a unique approach procedure or to a large region of airspace. RNP applies to navigation performance accuracy within an airspace, and therefore includes the capability of both the available infrastructure (navigation aids) and the aircraft.
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
RNP RNAV - Per ICAO Doc 9613
• RTCA DO-236/EUROCAE ED-75.– Merges the accuracy standard in the ICAO Manual, with the
containment requirements and area navigation functional and performance standards.
– The containment region quantifies the navigation performance where the probability of an un-annunciated deviation greater than 2 x RNP is less than 1 x 10-5.
– The containment region (defined as 2 times the RNP) could help with safety assessments for separation and obstacle clearance.
• RNP RNAV will support the development of new obstacle clearance or aircraft-to-aircraft separation.
• RNP RNAV will enable reliable, predictable and repeatable ground tracks through standardized avionics functions.
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Differentiation
95% Accuracy
95% Accuracy
95% Accuracy
95% Accuracy
Containment Zone
Containment Zone
1xRNP
1xRNP
2xRNP
2xRNP
ICAO RNP
RTCA/EUROCAERNP RNAV
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Transition Strategy
• In the short term, emphasis should be on RNAV implementation using all available means (GNSS, ground-based, and self-contained navaids).
• The mid term should focus on the transition to RNP RNAV based on GNSS.
• RNP RNAV is based on the following systems, where these systems meet navigation requirements:– GNSS– GNSS/INS– DME/DME/INS
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Public vs. Specials
Public Use- RNP 10, 5,
2, 1, 0.3- RNAV IAPs- DPs and STARs
Specials- RNP < 0.3- Alaska Airlines- Certification & Aircrew Training- Equipment Requirements- RTCA SC-181
WG13 to address RNP <0.3
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Cooperative Goal
• Middle Ground is Similar to ILS Cat II/III Approvals– public use - however– special aircrew training/equipment
required• Build upon today’s RNP Values
– Implement RNP <0.3 where beneficial– Working to identify priority airports
• Future: RNAV Approach with vertical guidance can achieve precision like functionality
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Key Issues for Implementation
• Standardization of publication/charting.
• Means of notifying users of the available navigation infrastructure.
• Means of managing changes in the navigation infrastructure.
• DME issues.
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Key Issues (continued)
• Means of providing operational status information to ATC.
• Accommodation of previously approved RNAV systems (e.g., RNAV FMS).
• Relationship between RNP level and obstacle clearance.
• Relationship between RNP level and airspace.
• Navigation Data Issues.
FAAFAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Conclusion
• RNP RNAV can satisfy the navigation element of the CNS/ATM equation.
• Predictable and repeatable flight paths allow navigation to contribute to meeting the long term concept of “Free Flight” and in shaping air navigation as an integral part of the Global CNS/ATM Plan.