fabrication and experimental analysis of solar based ... · fabrication and experimental analysis...

International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering

& Science (IJTIMES) Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017), e-ISSN: 2455-2585

Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2018

IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 155

FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SOLAR BASED

THERMO ELECTRIC COOLING SYSTEM

D. Rajani1, Dr. B. Chandra Mohan Reddy

2

1Dept of Mechanical Engineering

2Professor , Dept of Mechanical Engineering

1JNTUA College of Engineering, JNTU, Ananthapuramu , Andhra Pradesh,INDIA

2Head of The Department, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,Ananthapur, Ananthapuramu,Andhra Pradesh.

Abstract-: In the recent years, electricity crisis is main problem for us. It’s time to use the renewable sources of the

nature. In this project a thermoelectric cooling system using solar energy is fabricated. It is eco-friendly project. It is

made by using thermoelectric module worked based on peltier effect.The sun oriented based thermoelectric

refrigeration framework is having potential use of capacity and transportation of life sparing medications and organic

materials at remote zones of our nation wheregrid power is unavailable. In this project a prototype of thermoelectric

refrigeration system working on solar photo voltaic cells generated DC voltage is fabricated and experiment has been

conducted. By the experimental results performance parameters are analysed for the fabricated system.

Keywords: Solar Panel, Peltier Plate, Heat sink, Cooling fan, Thermoelectric Cooling, Battery.

1.INTRODUCTION

In 1821, Thomas Seebeck found that a persistently streaming current is made when two wires of various materials are

consolidated and warmed toward one side.In 1821, Thomas Seebeck discoveredthat a ceaselessly streaming current is

made when two wires of various materials are combined and warmed toward one side. This thought is known as the

Seebeck Effect .The Peltier affect was found in 1834 by a French physicist Jean Charles Peltier. Peltier found that the

use of a current at an interface between two disparate materials brings about the retention/arrival of warmth. They utilize

no ozone exhausting chlorofluorocarbons, conceivably offering an all the more earth dependable contrasting option to

traditional refrigeration. They can be greatly smaller than blower based frameworks. Seebeck effect and Peltier effect

forms the basis for the thermoelectric refrigerator. Scottish researcher William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) found in

1854 that if a temperature distinction exists between any two purposes of an ebb and flow conveying conductor, warm is

either advanced or retained relying on the material. The Peltier impact is one of three kinds of thermoelectric impact.

Currently, even in 21st century there are many places in India where there is no less electricity available

therefore storage and refrigeration of food stuff is a big issue in rural areas. Solar is freely available in plenty .this system

should prove to be 100% eco-friendly and cheapest refrigeration system for such people. As our project run on solar

system, people can take benefits of cooling and heating effect from this system.

2. LITERATURE

1. Mr. Swapnil Bet.all, "Test Analysis of Solar based Thermo-Electric Heating and Cooling System", International

Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 20 Number 3 – Feb 2015.

1) The principle target of our venture is to outline and make examination of a Heating and Cooling framework which

uses non-regular vitality source (i.e. Sun powered Energy) with the assistance of Thermoelectric Module which takes

a shot at the standard of the Peltier impact.

2) The real contrast between the current framework and our framework is that, our task works without utilization of

mechanical gadget and without refrigerant as well.

3) As the module is compact in size one can design (i.e. shape, capacity) the system according to his requirement.

International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2018, e-ISSN: 2455-2585, Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017)


2. Akshata Patil-Yelavkar. et.all,“Design, Manufacturing and Experimental Analysis of Thermoelectric Lunch Box”,

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 10, Number 1(2017) ©

International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com.

1) This paper talk about creation and Experimental Analysis of thermoelectric cooling framework taking a shot at

Peltier impact target of the outline is to keep up nourishment at 40◦c and to diminish the water temperature by

5◦c.working model is made and Performance is seen under different conditions conclusion is gotten.

3. Sarath Raj et.all, "Trial Analysis, Design and Fabrication of Portable Thermoelectric Vaccine Preservation",

International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: (117-128),

Month: Gregorian calendar month 2015-March 2016, out there at: web.researchpublish.com.

1) The target of this undertaking work is to create compact thermoelectric refrigeration framework equipped for keeping

up immunization temperatures between 8 °C and 13 °C.

2) The principle framework comprised of thermoelectric module as cooling generator alongside protected lodge, battery

and charging unit.

3) Thermoelectric components play out an indistinguishable cooling capacity from Freon-based vapor pressure or

assimilation fridges.

4) To ensure the success of this project several criteria’s are to be satisfied such as portability, size and cost of the

system.

3. WORKING PRINCIPLE

The thermoelectric impact is a procedure of the generation of electromotive power out of temperature contrast

on two conductor or semiconductor-based electronic parts, and in reverse temperature distinction acquired by applying a

DC current.

The direct current (DC) is passed from a negative to positive type semiconductor material The temperature TL

of the interconnecting transmitter abatements and warmth is assimilated from the earth (cooling impact) by the 'chilly

end' of the thermoelectric module, and exchanged or 'pumped' through to the 'hot end' of the module 'TH' because of the

Peltier impact. cooling effect occurs, as shown in the Figure, when electrons pass from a low energy level in the positive

type material through the interconnecting conductor to a higher energy level in the n-type material .Normally, the ‘hot

end’ of the module will be attacehd to a heat sink in order to reject this heat into the atmosphere.

Useful thermoelectric gadgets rose in the 1960's and have grown fundamentally from that point forward with

various producers presently promoting thermoelectric modules for cooling, warming and power age applications. The

potential employments of this framework extend from cooling of the electronic segments, to household iceboxes and

aeration and cooling systems for cooling/warming a room space.

Fig 1: schematic thermoelectric module operation cooling mode



Thermoelectric refrigeration replaces the three primary working parts with: a chilly intersection, a warmth sink

and a DC control source. The refrigerant in both fluid and vapor shape is supplanted by two divergent conductors. The

blower is supplanted by a DC control source which draws the electrons starting with one semiconductor then onto the

next. The assimilation or arrival of warmth at an intersection in which there is an electric current is called as the

Peltierimpact . DC current connected to two conductors.

4.CONSTRUCTION

Figure 2 .Block diagram solar based thermoelectric cooling system

Here this system heat or cool the product using thermo-electric module .the construction set up for this system have

following parts.

1.Solar panel

2.Charging circuit

3.Battery

4.Insulation box

5.Thermoelectric cooling

A. Solar panel :

Sun powered boards fundamentally comprise of P.V cells are also called as photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cell

is produced from semiconductor like silicon base. At the point when this material is presented to light its created

an electric current. P.V cells can be produced using crystalline silicon (polycrystalline silicon). Which thickness

of around 100-300 um thick there are additionally polycrystalline thin film cell with thickness of 1-10 um. That

layer converged on each other to shape cells. That arrangements of cells put on a board or metallic plate to

frame sun oriented board.

B. Insulation Box:

Insulation box that term characterize as giving protection from temperature distinction to put inside temperature

consistent or at required temperature. The protection box contain both cooling and Heating compartment which

is similarly isolating in to two segment The aggregate protection confine is partitioning to three areas first best

segment is for warming reason and another is for cooling. The base piece of the protection box is used as a

storage room for the thermo electrical circuit and cooling fans.

C. Charge Controller :

Charge controller comprise of the gadgets circuit which is having distinctive diodes and resisters that represent

the controlling reason for variety in present and another marvel are given beneath: a. Charge controller takes

current from P.V boards. b. Sun oriented battery charging controller manages the voltage yields from the sun

powered boards and keeping from being cheating. c. It additionally blocking venerates current. d. It can separate

the lower voltage supply. e. It gives over-burden insurance.



D. Battery:

At the point when for the sun oriented battery is developed it will work with about any 12 V battery innovations

it will generally worked best with lead corrosive battery. Its comprise of blend of lead plates and electrolyte to

change over electrical vitality into potential synthetic vitality and the other way around Lead corrosive battery is

an electrical stockpiling gadget that utilization as a substance response to store and depends vitality. The

fundamental development of lead corrosive battery is given beneath:

a. A flexible plastic holder

b. Positive and negative interior plates made of lead

c. Plate isolates made of permeable manufactured material

d. Electrolyte – A weakened arrangement of sulphuric corrosive and water (sulfuric acid).

e. Battery terminals.

E.Thermoelectric cooling :

Thermoelectric circuit comprise of the P and N write semiconductors sets (alludes to as a couple)

Thermoelectric circuit utilized a wonder of thermoelectric refrigeration with the rte of invert warm retention. At

the point when current goes through the intersection of the two unique sorts of conductors it result in

temperature change on both side of a module. After that one side end up hot and another side wind up cool.

4. WORKING

At the point when sunlight based beams or little sun based radiation occurrence on the sun oriented P.V boards, at that

point photovoltaic cells comes in to picture to play out their activity and by little measure of warmth creation its produce

power The standard of intensity age behind the solar panel comprises of the usage of the photovoltaic impact of

semiconductors. At the point when such a cell is presented to light, electron-gap sets are produced in extent to the power

of the light.

A charge controller is a fundamental piece of almost all power frameworks that charge batteries, regardless of whether

the power source is PV. Its motivation is to guard your batteries appropriately bolstered and as long as possible. A few

controllers likewise counteract battery over release, shield from electrical over-burden, or potentially show battery status

and the stream of intensity. That controlling voltage is send to the battery for putting away reason battery store that

electric current as synthetic as we probably am aware battery putting away by electric vitality that will changed over in to

the compound vitality. That putting away electric vitality will conveyed through transformer to thermoelectric circuit and

another for Fan.

The TEC comprises of a p-n material intersection. The activity can likewise be clarified utilizing the p-n intersection

hypothesis utilized as a part of diodes - the most basic semiconductor gadget. On the off chance that a LED (light

discharging diode) is broke down, it can be seen that the light that is delivered by LED, takes after an indistinguishable

rule from thermoelectric cooling. In p-material, the charge bearers are openings and in n-material the charge transporters

are electrons. The free electrons in then material move in the conduction band, and development will just occur affected

by a connected voltage. This is known as electron movement.

In any p-n intersection where a voltage is connected, the openings and the electrons persistently recombine (when current

streams from the n-material to the p-material). On account of the LED, electron stream is from the p-material to the n-

material. The electrons move from the conduction vitality level (n-material) to the valence band (P-material).The

adjustment in vitality level from a higher vitality level to a lower vitality level makes the electron radiate vitality and this

vitality is emitted as noticeable light a similar rule can be connected to thermo-electric cooling.



5. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Figure 3: solar based thermoelectric cooling system

Experimental procedure:

1. The solar panel are exposed to sun.

2. By absorbing the solar radiation to the PV panel generated the electric power.

3. The solar panel are used to generate DC current.

4. The DC current stored in the battery by using charging circuit.

5. Then the battery is connected to Peltierplate .

6. The Peltier plate arrangement has cold temperature on top side of the plate and hot temperature on the

bottom side of the plate.

7. Then the experimental values like time, cold temperature,hot temperature is found out using Peltier

plate arrangement.

8. By varying time,hot temperature, cold temperature values are taken.

9. By using below experimental values and then calculate COP.

6. EXPERIMENTAL VALUES

Drawn values at room temperature at 34.6⁰c

S.NO Time (sec) Cold side (⁰C) Hot side (⁰C)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0

15

30

60

120

180

240

300

360

420

34.6

32.2

31.2

29.6

28.2

27.8

25.4

24.1

20.4

18.6

34.6

34.9

35.6

36.3

37.1

38.6

39.8

41

46.4

50.3

Table 1: representation of experimental values



SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

By using table. 1 values below caluculations are done.Formulas are consider from the paper [2]

Seebeck coefficient (s) =0.01229 V/K

Module thermal conductance (K) =0.1815 W/K

Module resistance (R) =4 Ὼ

Current (I) =7.5 amp

Cold temperature (TC) = 289.2 K

Hot temperature (TH) = 323.3 K

Heat absorption (QL) = - [SI TC -1/2I2R - K(TH - TC)]

= - [26.63 -112.5 -0.1815(52.7)]

= 95.43 W

Energy Input (W) = SI ((TH - TC)) +I2R

= 4.85 + 225

= 229.85 W

COP = QL/W

=95.43/229.85

=0.415

7.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 4: time vs hot temperature

Figure 5: time vs cold temperature

05

101520253035

15 30 60 120 180 240 300 360

Co

ld t

em

pe

ratu

re ⁰

C

Time(sec)

Time vs cold temperature

COLD TEMPERATURE

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

15 30 60 120 180 240 300 360

Ho

t te

mp

era

ture

⁰C

Time (sec)

Time vs Hot temperature

HOT TEMPERATURE



Figure 6: time vs COP

The fig .4 & 5 represents the cooling temperature decreases and hot temperature increases with corresponding time

interval. the fig.6 represents the time increases from starting point to ending point but the COP is slightly increases from

starting point of time interval to ending point of time interval.

8. CONCLUSION

1) In this project a prototype of thermoelectric cooling system working on solar photo voltaic cells generated DC

voltage is fabricated and experiment is conducted.

2) By the experimental results performance parameters (i.e heat absorption Qc , energysupply W, coefficient of

performance COP) is analysed for the fabricated system.

3) In this project the cold temperature decreases, hot temperature increases and COP slightly increases with the time

interval respectively.

4) The solar based thermoelectric cooling system is having some of the potential applications likemilitary (or) medical

equipments.

5) In this aspect thermoelectric cooling system has some advantages like high coefficient of performance and low cost.

6) The main feature aspect to be noted is that it is a one-time investment on maintenance free.

REFERENCES

[1] Vivek Gandhewar, Priti Bhadake, MukeshMAngatani, Fabrication of solar operated heating and cooling using

thermo-electric module, IJETT journal –volume 4 issue 4 –April 13.

[2]Jatin patel, matik pael, improvement in the COP of thermoelectric cooler, IJSTR journal – volume 5 –MAY 2016

[3] Prof. N. B. Totala, Prof. V. P. Desai, Rahul K. N. Singh, Debarshi Gangopadhyay, Mohd. Salman Mohd. Yaqub,

Nikhil Sharad Jane, Study and Fabrication of Thermoelectric Air Cooling and Heating System, International Journal of

Engineering Inventions, Volume 4, Issue 2, August 2014.

[4] Specification of Thermoelectric Module, Available online: http://www.thermonamic.com/TEC1-12706-English.PDF.

[5] Umesh V. Sangale, Prof. Priyanka Jhavar, Dr.G.R.Seloskar.S., Thermoelectric Refrigeration by Using Solar Energy

for Domestic Appliance, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.3, No.1, January 2015.

0.34

0.35

0.36

0.37

0.38

0.39

0.4

0.41

0.42

15 30 60 120 180 240 300 360

CO

P

Time(sec)

Time vs cop

COP

http://www.thermonamic.com/TEC1-12706-English.PDF

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