faceted classification system in libraries

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FACETED CLASSIFICAT ION Lu Bai Andrew Jeffcoat Laura Loveday Cyndy Moore

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Page 1: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

FACETED CLASSIFICATION

Lu Bai Andrew Jeffcoat Laura Loveday

Cyndy Moore

Page 2: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

What is a Facet?

Chan (1994) defines the term facet as, “A component (based on a particular characteristic) of a

complex subject” (p. 484).

Page 3: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Complex Subject:

wine Grape Region

Year Price

4 characteristics / 4 facets

Page 4: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

These characteristics/facets/categories

are:

“MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE”have their own meaning

and“JOINTLY EXHAUSTIVE”

as many facets created as necessary to fully describe the subject

(Denton, 2009)

Page 5: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Faceted classification works well when an entity possesses three or more characteristics or dimensions that require or would benefit from classification.

Complex Subject: Dishwashing DetergentBrand

CascadeSunlight

DawnGain Form

PowderLiquid

GelPacs

Agent Dishwasher

By Hand ScentLemon

Ocean BreezeGreen Apple

Page 6: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

When classifying an entity using a faceted approach, Kwasnick puts forth the following guidelines:

•Choose facets. Decide, in advance, on important criteria for description. These form the facets or fundamental categories.

•Develop facets. Each facet can be developed/expanded using its own logic and warrant and its own classificatory structure.

•Analyze entities using the facets.

•Develop citation order. In organizing the classified objects, choose a primary facet that will determine the main attribute and a citation order for the other facets (p.40).

Page 7: Faceted Classification System in Libraries
Page 8: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Next-Generation Library Catalogs /

Discovery Tools

Page 10: Faceted Classification System in Libraries
Page 11: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

“Research has not yet been determined if technology changes are driving us to drink wine, or we drink wine to help us create and implement new technologies.”

Page 12: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Faceted Classification Systems

Advantages and Disadvantages

Page 13: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Advantages

Flexibility of Classification Post-Coordination Support for Rapidly Changing Fields Minimal Theory Requirement Clarification of Terms

Page 14: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Disadvantages

Difficulty in Expanding Facets Lack of Relationship Amongst Facets Resistance to Visual Analysis

Page 15: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Clarification of Terms

Faceted classification systems can help to eliminate confusion regarding the most appropriate search terms.

Page 16: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Flexibility of Classification

Faceted classification systems offer excellent flexibility. Developers need not possess as complete a picture as with more traditional hierarchical systems. Facets can be added over time as need dictates.

Page 17: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Post-Coordination

• Faceted schemes describes objects of all sorts using independent attributes. Making use of these attributes allows for items to be mixed and matched at the time of retrieval.

Page 18: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Minimal Theory Requirement

Faceted schemes require little theory and can be constructed ad hoc.

Page 19: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Support for Rapidly Changing Fields

Fields that experience rapid change can be easily accommodated by changing facets.

Page 20: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Difficulty in Expanding Facets

Choosing appropriate facets later may be complicated.

Page 21: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Lack of Relationship Among Facets

Facets may be come isolated, their own “hermit kingdom.”

Page 22: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Resistance to Visual Analysis

Faceted classification systems might not easily allow for visual representations.

Page 23: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Ranganathan's Colon Classification

Page 24: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Origin of Colon Classification

• Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan (1892- 1972).• A Hindu mathematician ;• Worked as a librarian;• Started from the limits of traditional enumerative classification systems;• 1930s.

– Five Laws of Library Science (1931) ;– Colon Classification (1933) ;– Classified Catalogue Code (1934) ;– Prolegomena to Library Classification (1937); – Theory of the Library Catalogue (1938).

Page 25: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Introduction of Colon Classification

• 6 edition;– 1933, 1939, 1950, 1952, 1957, 1960.

• Using the colon as the character;• 108 main classes and 10 generalized classes.– 1933;– Arabic numerals, Roman and Greek letters;– 5 fundamental facets.

Page 26: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

5 Facets of Colon Classification

• , (comma) = Personality: Who• ; (semi-colon) = Matter: What• : (colon) = Energy: How• . (period) = Space: Where• ‘(apostrophe) = Time: When

Notes:– “ . ” = Space and Time before 1960;– Omitting “ , ” is allowed;– Further expansion of the short tables is allowed.

Page 27: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Example

• A book is about “ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”– “Libraries”;– “University Libraries”;– “periodicals”;– “Circulation”;– “India”;– “Up to the 1970s”.

Page 28: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”

• http://www.iskoi.org/doc/colon.htm• Basic Class: – LIBRARY SCIENCE

• Basic Class Number:– “2”

Page 29: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”

• , (comma) = Personality: Who– “University Libraries”• “34”

– “234” (Omitting “ , ” is allowed)

Page 30: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”

• ; (semi-colon) = Matter: What– “Periodicals”• “46”

– “234; 46”

Page 31: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”

• : (colon) = Energy: How– “Circulation”• “6”

– “234; 46: 6”

Page 32: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”

• . (period) = Space: Where– “India”• “44”

– “234; 46: 6. 44”

Page 33: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”

• ‘(apostrophe) = Time: When– “up to the 1970s”• “N7”

– “234; 46: 6. 44’ N7”

Page 34: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

• Is not widely used in libraries;– Academic libraries > public libraries;– Too complex for the patrons.

• Kashyap, M. M. (2001). – “Classified catalogue code of ranganathan: a

proposal to make it compatible for developing computer-based library information systems.”

Page 35: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Faceted Application of Subject Terminology

• Maintains compatibility with LCSH • Suitable for metadata • Ease of input and retrieval• Affordable maintenance

Page 36: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Facet Categories

• Personal names• Corporate names• Geographic names• Events• Titles• Time periods• Topics• Form/Genre

Page 37: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

Features

• Subdivisions must belong to the same facet as the subject heading

• First level geographic names are restricted to the Geographic Area Code table, then subdivided

• Personal names are derived from the LC Name Authority file and the name must be a subject in at least one WorldCat record, in the Name Authority File, and for subject use

• Chronological facet is either a single numeric date or a date range

Page 38: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

LC Subject Heading:

650 0 Architects $x Certification $z Maryland.

FAST:

650 7 Architects $x Certification. $2 fast

650 7 Maryland $2 fast

LC Subject Heading:

651 0 $a Rome $x History.

FAST:

651 7 $a Rome (Empire) $2 fast

655 7 $a History $2 fast

Page 39: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

FAST Database

Page 40: Faceted Classification System in Libraries

CONCLUSION