facilitating learning
TRANSCRIPT
PEOPLE-FIRST LANGUAGE
PEOPLE-FIRST LANGUAGE emphasizes the person, not
the disability. By placing the person first, the
disability is no longer the primary, defining
characteristic of an individual, but one of several aspects of the
whole person.
A person with a disabilityX A disabled person
She has Down Syndrome
X She’s Downs
Avoiding generic labelsHe has an intellectual
disabilityX He’s mentally retardedEmphasizing abilities, not
limitationShe uses a wheelchairX She’s confined to a wheelchair
Avoiding euphemisms“euphemism” - a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.
Many people find annoying or offensive: restricted to a wheelchair, victim of, suffers from, retarded, deformed, crippled, and euphemisms such as physically challenged.
Remember:If you are unsure, ask the person with a disability what terminology he prefers.
Avoiding implying illness or suffering
Bob has a mental health condition
X Bob’s mentally illHas multiple sclerosisX Suffers from multiple sclerosis
Beginning with the right attitude, one of compassion will make you a more effective teacher, one with the :
and thewho can facilitate their
learning and adjustment.
BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVEThe theory of behaviorism
focuses on the study of observable and measurable behavior. It emphasizes that behavior is mostly learned through conditioning and reinforcement.
BEHAVIORIST THEORY
Ivan Pavlo
v
John B.
Watson
Edward L.
Thorndike
Burrhus F.
Skinner
Behaviorism
Connectionism (Thorndike)
Classical Conditioning
(Pavlov/Watson)
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
Primary Laws
Law of Effect
Law of Exercise
Law of Readiness
Reinforcement
Shaping of Behavior
BEHAVIORISM is a worldview that assumes a
learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate (i.e. tabula rasa) and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement.
Ivan Pavlov
Born: September 26, 1849, Ryazan, Russia
Died: February 27, 1936, Saint Petersburg, Russia
A Russian physiologist is well known for his work in classical conditioning or stimulus substitution.
Pavlov’s most renowned experiment involved meat, a dog and a bell.