fact sheet 1 waste generation v2 · 2015. 5. 5. · waste generation from the rate of economic...

PREPARATORY STUDY FOR THE REVIEW OF THE THEMATIC STRATEGY ON THE PREVENTION AND RECYCLING OF WASTE

IEEP, BIO, ECOLOGIC, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, ARCADIS, VITO

1

FACT SHEET 1: WASTE GENERATION

Megan Lewis

Draft Final, 20 April 2010

1. Conceptualisation of the issue

This fact sheet endeavours to provide an overview of waste generation in the EU. Overall

trends in waste generation are examined, as well as trends in the following waste streams:

municipal solid waste, construction and demolition waste and industrial waste. The focus is

on the EU level, but Member State information has been provided where of interest or

significance. The correlation of waste generation to GDP is also considered.

For reference:

Some statistics refer to the ‘EU’ or the ‘EU-27’, some to the ‘EU-15’, some to the ‘EU-12’ and

some to ‘Europe’:

• The ‘EU-15’ refers to the 15 Member States which made up the EU prior to the most

recent enlargement (in 2004): Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,

Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the

United Kingdom.

• The ‘EU-12’ refers to the 12 newest Member States, who joined the EU in 2004 (2007 for

Bulgaria and Romania): Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,

Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.

• The ‘EU-27’ refers to all 27 Member States of the EU as it exists today. When just the ‘EU’

is used, this also refers to the EU as it is today, i.e. the EU-27.

• When the term ‘Europe’ is used, this includes non-EU European countries. This is

common for data given by the European Environment Agency (EEA), as their remit is

larger than just the EU-27.

In the available sources, older data (pre-2004) is often not given in terms of the EU-27 as a

whole, but for the EU-15. This means that direct comparisons between the EU as it was ten

years ago and as it is today are not possible. For this reason, sometimes this fact sheet will

compare historical and recent data for the EU-15 in order to identify trends or patterns.

Sometimes it can also be useful to look at the EU-15 and the EU-12 separately, as they often

exhibit different trends. In all cases, it is clearly stated which group of countries the statistics

apply to.

2. Assessment of the issue

OVERALL TRENDS IN WASTE GENERATION

Overall waste generation is increasing, despite the objective of the 6th

Environmental Action

Plan to reduce it1.

In 1995, the baseline year for the targets of the EU Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC), waste



2

generation in the EU-15 was approximately 3.5 tonnes per person; a total sum of 1.29 billion

tonnes2.

In 2004, total waste generation in the EU-15 was an estimated 1.93 billion tonnes, and by

2006 had reached an estimated 2.01 billion tonnes3 –an increase of 0.72 billion tonnes (over

50 per cent) in just over a decade (see Figure 1 in the Annex).

For the EU-27, total waste generation was estimated to be 2.91 billion tonnes in 2004. By

2006 this had risen to an estimated 2.95 billion tonnes, an increase of 40 million tonnes in

two years3 (see Figure 1 in the Annex). There is a high variance between Member States; for

example, the highest waste generator was France, who produced 429.2 million tonnes in

2004 and 445.9 million tonnes in 2006. The lowest was Latvia, who produced 1.30 million

tonnes in 2004 and 1.86 million tonnes in 2006.

OVERALL TRENDS IN WASTE GENERATION BY SECTOR

In 1995, waste generation in the EU-15 was approximately 1.29 billion tonnes2, of which 14.7

per cent was municipal waste and 22.5 per cent was construction and demolition (C&D)

waste1.

Municipal solid waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation per capita in the EU had been increasing until

recently, but now seems to have stabilised4. The overall amount of MSW generated has

increased due to a slight increase in the EU-27 population size. A full table of data for

generated MSW per capita for the 27 EU Member States is available in Figure 2 in the Annex.

Below follows a short synopsis.

Generation of MSW per capita in the EU-27 has increased since 1997 (the earliest year for

which this data is given on Eurostat), though not hugely: 499kg per capita in 1997, compared

to 524kg per capita in 2008. There was a peak in 2002 followed by a short period of decline

2003-2005. In the past few years there has not been a decided trend: 2006 saw a small

increase but between 2007 and 2008 there was again a small decline. The data for 2009 is

not yet available. A breakdown per year is given by Figure 3 the Annex.

The EU-15 generates above average levels of MSW per capita, but the data follows the same

pattern as that for the EU-27: overall there has been an increase between 1997 and 2008,

but with a small dip in between. A breakdown of data per year is given in Figure 4 the Annex.

There was a peak in 2002 and a lull 2003-2005. There was also a small decline between 2007

and 2008.

Data was not available for the EU-12 as a group. On observing the data for individual EU-12

Member States however, it is possible to see that on the whole they generate less MSW per

capita than the EU-15 Member States, and less than the EU-27 average4. MSW generation is

decreasing slightly, but there are questions over whether this is due to changes in

consumption patterns or the development of waste management methods in the newer

Member States5.

Construction & Demolition waste

It is evident that C&D waste generation has increased significantly over the past decade, but



3

recent data on construction and demolition (C&D) waste is not available in the same level of

detail as that for MSW, due to a lack of European level reporting for the sector6. Without

more consistent data it is not possible to know whether this increasing trend continues. Two

reports were found, to enable a comparison:

A report7 written for the European Commission in early 1999 by consultants quotes a figure

of 180 million tonnes of core C&D waste arisings for the EU-15 in 1998. The largest producer

was Germany, with 59 million tonnes, followed by the UK (30 million tonnes), France (24

million tonnes) and Italy (20 million tonnes); at the opposite end of the spectrum, 7

countries produced less than 5 million tonnes (see Figure 5 in the Annex).

The OECD Environmental Data Compendium 2006-20088 provides data on waste generation

per waste stream for ‘the latest year available’, and includes 15 of the EU-27 Member

States. This is enables a partial comparison. The data for these countries is variously from

2002-2005, and can be found in Figure 6 in the Annex. Germany was again the largest

producer (179 million tonnes in 2004), followed by the UK (109 million tonnes in 2004) and

Italy (46 million tonnes in 2005). All countries for which data was available show a significant

increase in generation of this waste stream since 1999.

Industrial waste

Overall the generation of industrial waste in the EU is increasing, though a number of

Member States are bucking this trend.

Though the reporting of industrial waste is required by the Regulation (EC) 2150/2002 on

waste statistics, good quality time series data is lacking. Statistics available on Eurostat are

for ‘commercial and industrial’ waste combined, for the years 2004 and 2006, as per Figure 7

in the Annex9. Below is a short description.

The EU-27 generated an estimated 2.91 billion tonnes of C&I waste in 2004. By 2006 this had

risen to an estimated 2.95 billion tonnes. Of this, the EU-15 was responsible for an estimated

1.93 billion tonnes of C&I waste in 2004; by 2006 this had risen to an estimated 2.01 billion

tonnes. Again, group data for the EU-12 Member States was not given. Mostly, EU-12

Member States generated less C&I waste than their EU-15 counterparts, though there are

some exceptions, notably Romania: the largest generator for both years was France,

followed by Romania, then Germany. The smallest generator was Latvia, followed by Cyprus

and Malta. Eight Member States generated less C&I waste in 2006 than in 2004 (Cyprus,

Estonia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, the UK, Germany and Romania). Greece had

the most considerable increase, followed by Italy, Poland and France.

CORRELATION TO GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP): DECOUPLING WASTE GENERATION

FROM ECONOMIC GROWTH

The EU 6th

environmental action programme (6EAP) aims to decouple resource use and

waste generation from the rate of economic growth10

.

However, an EEA Indicator fact sheet written in April 2006 found no sign of decoupling of

total waste generation from economic growth in Europe11

. Now in 2010, some parties

believe this to have been achieved to some extent, though progress varies considerably

between countries – in some Member States, resource use and waste generation have



4

stabilised, while in others, it can only be said that their economies have grown at a faster

pace than their rates of resource use and waste generation1.

In 2007, the GDP of the EU ‘at market prices’ was €12,362,663.9 million12

, with a real growth

rate 2.9 per cent from the previous year’s GDP13

. GDP in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS)

per inhabitant was €2490014

. See Figures 8, 9 and 10 in the Annex.

The demographic trend is that population is the EU-27 is increasing. Total population of the

EU at 1 January 2007 was 495,305,424 inhabitants15

. For 2008, total population is given as a

provisional 497649125 inhabitants, for 2009, provisionally as 499723520, and the forecast

for 2010 as 501259840 inhabitants15

. See Figure 11 in the Annex.

CORRELATION TO GDP BY WASTE SECTOR

Data could not be found.

3. Collation of information (if available) re anticipated future trends

Municipal waste generation in the EU-27 is expected to continue to grow to 2020, reaching

284-313 million tonnes per year in absolute terms (9-20% above 2007 levels) according to

models, and not taking into account specific policies on waste prevention1. No quantifiable

targets for the reduction of waste generation exist in the 6EAP, likely due to the failure of

such a target in its predecessor, the EU 5th

Environmental Action Plan, which set a target for

household waste of 300kg per capita per year, which was not even close to being met1,10

.

In regard to GDP forecasts, for 2010 the EU-27 GDP at market prices is forecast to be

€12045432.6 million12

, with a real growth rate of 0.7 per cent13

. The growth rate is lower

than 2007 due to recovery from the economic crisis: in 2008 the growth rate was 0.8 per

cent; in 2009 it was -4.2 per cent13

. For 2011, it is currently forecast to be 1.6 per cent13

,

though this is subject to much uncertainty. Figures for 2015, 2020 and 2030 were not

available.

Forecasts for population size in 2015, 2020 and 2030 were not available. Looking at the

annual population increase in the period 1999-2003, it was in the order of 1,000,000 each

year15

. From 2002-2009 each increase is in the order of 2,000,000 each year15

. Until a decline

can be seen in the rate of increase, it is likely that population growth will continue to

increase for some time.

4. Conclusions

• Overall waste generation in the EU is increasing.

• The 6th

Environmental Action Plan contains no quantifiable targets for the reduction

of overall waste generation, providing no motivation or driver for efforts in this area.

• Municipal waste generation in the EU appears to have stabilised temporarily, though

it is expected to grow until at least 2020.

• Construction and demolition waste generation in the EU has increased significantly

over the past decade.

• Industrial waste generation in the EU is increasing overall, though a number of



5

Member States do not follow this trend. This could mark the beginning of a

slowdown in the generation of this waste stream.

• Economic growth in the EU, as measured by real growth rate of GDP, has wavered

over the past few years due to the economic crisis. After a decline in 2008 and 2009,

the growth rate is expected to rise again in 2010 and further in 2011.

• Both economic growth and waste generation are affected to a large extent by

demographics. The population of the EU has continued to increase over the last

decade and is projected to increase again in 2010. The rate of increase has risen

since the first half of the last decade.

• Some sources are optimistic that, in the EU, economic growth and waste generation

have been decoupled, though there is currently little evidence to prove this. It is

necessary to observe developments over the next few years to know more certainly

if this is true.

• Gaps in data hinder analysis, as detailed in Section 5, below.

5. Ongoing data needs

Data availability, consistency and comparability were found to be a problem:

On units – different sources report data in different units – for example, figures are variously

given in kg per capita, total tonnes, or percentages. This impedes comparison between

countries, years and waste streams, and also makes it difficult to observe trends.

On waste streams – there is a lot more data available on municipal solid waste than other

waste streams; in particular there is a lack of good quality time series data for construction

and demolition waste and industrial waste, due to a lack of European level statistical

reporting, differing definitions and differing collection schemes employed10

. It is also

thought there continue to be problems with differing definitions of ‘municipal’ and

‘household’ waste between Member States which creates uncertainty over the reliability

and comparability of data 10

.

On regions – often statistics were given for the EU-27 as a whole, the EU-15 as a group, but

not the EU-12 as a group. As the statistics given were often not simple averages or sums (for

example, when in kg per capita), it was not possible to calculate the equivalent statistics for

the EU-12 from the individual country data. Statistics from EEA reports were sometimes

given as figures for EEA countries as a group (i.e. including Norway, Iceland etc), and were

therefore not comparable to statistics for the EU bloc.

On timeframe – Eurostat figures were generally useful (apart from the lacking EU-12

numbers), but data was not always available for a long timeframe as previously many waste

statistics were managed by EIONET.

6. References

Reference Source Link Details Comments



6

number on the

information

1 European

Environment Agency

(EEA), 2010, The

European

Environment: State

and Outlook 2010,

Part B

http://soer2010.ew.ee

a.europa.eu/part-b

(Saved in library)

2 EEA, Indicator Fact

Sheet Signals 2001 –

Chapter Waste

http://themes.eea.eur

opa.eu/Environmental_

issues/waste/indicators

/generation/w1_total_

waste.pdf

Fact

sheet on

waste

generatio

n in

Europe in

2001

3 Eurostat, 2010,

Environmental Data

Centre on Waste,

Overall Waste

Generation

http://epp.eurostat.ec.

europa.eu/tgm/table.d

o?tab=table&init=1&pl

ugin=1&language=en&

pcode=ten00108

Statistics

on

overall

waste

generatio

n in the

EU

4 Eurostat, 2010,

Environmental Data

Centre on Waste,

Municipal Waste


europa.eu/portal/page

/portal/waste/data/sec

tors/municipal_waste

Statistics

on

municipa

l waste

generatio

n in the

EU

5 EEA, 2009, Diverting

waste from landfill –

Effectiveness of

waste-management

policies in the

European Union

http://www.eea.europ

a.eu/publications/diver

ting-waste-from-

landfill-effectiveness-

of-waste-management-

policies-in-the-

european-union

Analysis

of

effective

ness of

impleme

nted

waste

policies

in the EU

6 Eurostat, 2009,

Environmental Data

Centre on Waste,




Statistics

on

construct



7

Construction and

demolition waste

tors/constructionandd

emolition

ion and

demolitio

n waste

in the EU

7 Symonds, ARGUS,

COWI and PRC

Bouwcentrum for

DGXI, European

Commission,

February 1999,

Construction and

demolition waste

management

practices, and their

economic impacts

http://ec.europa.eu/en

vironment/waste/studi

es/cdw/cdw_chapter1-

6.pdf

8 OECD, 2008, OECD

Environmental Data

Compendium 2006-

2008 –Waste

http://www.oecd.org/d

ataoecd/22/58/418781

86.pdf

9 Eurostat, 2009,

Environmental Data

Centre on Waste,

Commercial and

industrial waste




tors/commercialandind

ustrial

Statistics

on

commerc

ial and

industrial

waste in

the EU

10 EEA, 2005, The

European

Environment: State

and Outlook 2005,

Part B

http://www.eea.europ

a.eu/publications/state

_of_environment_repo

rt_2005_1/SOER2005_

Part_B.pdf

11 ETC RWM, 2006, EEA

Indicator fact sheet:

Total waste

generation

http://eea.eionet.euro

pa.eu/Public/irc/eionet

-

circle/etc_waste/librar

y?l=/core_indicators_w

mf/fact_sheets/indicat

or_generationpdf_1/_E

N_1.0_&a=d

12 Eurostat, 2009, GDP at

market prices


europa.eu/tgm/refresh

TableAction.do?tab=ta

Statistics

on gross

domestic



8

(Select option from

drop down menu)

ble&plugin=1&pcode=t

ec00001&language=en

product

(GDP) in

the EU

(at

market

prices)

13 Eurostat, 2010, GDP

growth rate



o?tab=table&init=1&la

nguage=en&pcode=tsie

b020&plugin=1

Statistics

on

growth

rate of

gross

domestic

product

(GDP) in

the EU

14 Eurostat, 2009, GDP in

PPS

(Select option from

drop down menu)


europa.eu/tgm/refresh

TableAction.do?tab=ta

ble&plugin=1&pcode=t

ec00001&language=en

Statistics

on gross

domestic

product

(GDP) in

the EU

(purchasi

ng power

standard

s – PPS)

15 Eurostat, 2010,

Population growth



o?tab=table&language

=en&pcode=tps00001

&tableSelection=1&foo

tnotes=yes&labeling=la

bels&plugin=1

Statistics

on

populatio

n growth

in the EU

7. Next Steps (if any)

• Although there is some optimism, there is currently little evidence to prove that

economic growth and waste generation have been decoupled. Developments over

the next few years (in waste generation, economic growth and demographic change)

should be observed carefully to assess if this is the case.

• Data availability, consistency and comparability need to be addressed, as detailed

under section 5. Particular issues of concern include: units of measurement used;

better quality time series data on C&D and industrial waste; and clearer definitions,

e.g. of ‘municipal’ and ‘household’ waste.



9

8. Annex

See following pages for Figures 1-11.



10

FIGURE 1

Overall generation of waste (1000 tonnes)

YEAR

COUNTRY / REGION 2004 2006

EU-27 2913252 (e) 2953087 (e)

EU-15 1934220 (e) 2011335 (e)

Austria 53020.95 54286.6

Belgium 52809.35 59351.72 (e)

Bulgaria 252058 242488.6

Cyprus 2241.52 1771.21

Czech Republic 29275.74 24745.77

Denmark 12588.94 14703.14

Estonia 20860.68 18932.92

Finland 69708.48 72205.47

France 429153.3 445865.2

Germany 364021.9 363786.1

Greece 34952.67 51324.66

Hungary 24660.93 (e) 22287.5 (e)

Ireland 24512.86 30005.28 (e)

Italy 139806.1 155025.1

Latvia 1257.227 1858.561

Lithuania 7010.175 7665.104

Luxembourg 8322.312 9586.396

Malta 2481.934 2861.22

Netherlands 88098.92 93808.07

Poland 251243.5 266740.5

Portugal 29271.7 (e) 38713.81 (e)

Romania 371503.4 331863.3

Slovakia 10668.41 14501.5

Slovenia 5770.504 6035.837

Spain 160668.1 160946.6

Sweden 109741 115583.4

United Kingdom 357543.6 346143.8

Key

: =Not available e=Estimated value c=Confidential s=Eurostat estimate

Source of Data: Eurostat

Last update: 12.02.2010

Date of extraction: 04 Mar 2010 10:55:03 MET

Hyperlink to the table:

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&

pcode=ten00108

General Disclaimer of the EC: http://europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm

Short Description: Total amount of waste generated by waste category

SOURCE: 3



11

FIGURE 2

Municipal waste generated (kg per capita) Country / Group 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

EU-27 499 496 511 523 522 527 515 514 517 523 525 524

EU-15 average 537 540 555 569 572 577 564 564 558 564 567 565

Austria 532 532 563 581 578 609 609 620 620 654 598 601 (e)

Belgium 463 (e) 457 (e) 463 (e) 476 (e) 471 (e) 487 468 487 481 484 497 (e) 493 (e)

Bulgaria 577 495 503 516 491 500 499 471 475 (i) 446 (i) 468 (i) 467

Cyprus 650 664 670 680 703 709 724 739 739 745 754 770 (e)

Czech Republic 318 (e) 293 327 334 273 (i) 279 280 278 289 296 294 306

Denmark 588 593 627 665 658 665 672 696 737 741 801 (e) 802 (s)

Estonia 422 400 413 440 372 (b) 406 418 (e) 449 436 (e) 466 (e) 507 (e) 515 (s)

Finland 448 466 485 503 466 459 466 470 479 495 507 522

France 497 508 509 516 528 532 508 521 532 538 544 543 (e)

Germany 658 (s) 647 (s) 638 (s) 643 (s) 633 (s) 640 601 587 564 563 582 581 (e)

Greece 363 378 393 408 417 423 428 433 438 443 448 453

Hungary 487 484 482 445 (b) 451 457 463 (e) 454 460 468 456 453

Ireland 547 (e) 557 581 (e) 603 705 698 736 745 740 804 788 733

Italy 468 472 498 509 516 524 524 538 542 553 550 561 (s)

Latvia 254 (e) 247 (e) 244 (e) 270 (e) 302 338 298 311 310 411 377 331

Lithuania 421 443 350 (b) 363 377 401 383 366 376 390 400 407

Luxembourg 607 629 650 658 650 656 684 683 678 688 694 (e) 701 (e)

Malta 437 (e) 470 (e) 477 547 542 543 581 625 624 624 652 696

Netherlands 590 593 599 616 615 622 610 (i) 625 624 622 630 622 (e)

Poland 315 (i) 306 (i) 319 (i) 316 (i) 290 (i) 275 (i) 260 (i) 256 (i) 319 (e) 321 (e) 322 (e) 320 (e)

Portugal 405 423 442 472 472 439 (b) 447 436 446 454 (i) 472 (e) 477 (e)

Romania 333 277 314 355 336 383 350 (e) 345 (e) 377 (e) 388 (e) 378 (e) 382 (e)

Slovakia 275 259 261 254 239 283 (b) 297 274 289 301 309 332

Slovenia 589 (e) 584 551 (e) 513 (e) 479 407 (b) 418 417 423 432 441 459



12

Spain 561 566 615 662 658 645 655 608 (e) 597 599 590 575 (e)

Sweden 416 431 428 428 442 468 471 464 482 497 518 515 United Kingdom 533 543 570 578 592 600 593 (i) 605 585 587 572 565 (s)

Key: e=Estimated value i=See explanatory text s=Eurostat estimate b=Break in series

Footnote: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_SDDS/Annexes/enviro_en01.htm

Source of Data: Eurostat

Last update: 29.01.2010

Date of extraction: 03 Feb 2010 09:31:48 MET

Hyperlink to the table: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tsdpc210

General Disclaimer of the EC: http://europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm

Short Description: This indicator presents the amount of municipal waste generated. It consists of waste collected by or on behalf of municipal authorities and disposed

of through the waste management system. The bulk of this waste stream is from households, though similar wastes from sources such as

commerce, offices and public institutions are included. For areas not covered by a municipal waste scheme an estimation has been made of the

amount of waste generated. The quantity of waste generated is expressed in kg per person per year.

SOURCE: 4



13

FIGURE 3

Municipal Solid Waste generated in the EU-27

YEAR

MSW (kg per capita)

1997 499

1998 496

1999 511

2000 523

2001 522

2002 527

2003 515

2004 514

2005 517

2006 523

2007 525

2008 524

SOURCE: based on 4

FIGURE 4

Municipal Solid Waste generated in the EU-15

SOURCE: based on 4

YEAR

MSW (kg per capita)

1997 537

1998 540

1999 555

2000 569

2001 572

2002 577

2003 564

2004 564

2005 558

2006 564

2007 567

2008 565



14

FIGURE 5

Construction and demolition waste arisings and recycling in 1998

NB The figures in the % Incinerated or Landfilled column in the table above include only 1%

incineration for the Netherlands and Denmark, around 1.9% for Belgium, 3% for Finland and

5% for Sweden. The remainder of the figure (i.e. the vast majority) is composed of the

amount landfilled.

SOURCE: 7



15

FIGURE 6

Amount of waste generated, by waste stream (latest year available)

SOURCE: 8



16

FIGURE 7

Generation of commercial and industrial waste

Unit: Thousands of tons

All NACE branches plus households

(e) = estimate

YearCountry / Region

2004 2006

Austria 53020.951 54286.602

Belgium 52809.347 59351.720(e)

Bulgaria 252057.977 242488.633

Cyprus 2241.520 1771.210

Czech Republic 29275.740 24745.768

Germany 364021.932 363786.069

Denmark 12588.941 14703.137

Estonia 20860.680 18932.917

Spain 160668.133 160946.631

European Union (15 countries) 1934220.195(e) 2011335.339(e)

European Union (27 countries) 2913252.172(e) 2953087.435(e)

Finland 69708.475 72205.469

France 429153.280 445865.248

Greece 34952.672 51324.662

Hungary 24660.928(e) 22287.496(e)

Ireland 24512.861 30005.279(e)

Italy 139806.101 155025.059

Lithuania 7010.175 7665.104

Luxembourg 8322.312 9586.396

Latvia 1257.227 1858.561

Malta 2481.934 2861.220

Netherlands 88098.922 93808.073

Poland 251243.482 266740.538

Portugal 29271.699(e) 38713.808(e)

Romania 371503.400 331863.308

Sweden 109740.975 115583.415

Slovenia 5770.504 6035.837

Slovakia 10668.411 14501.504

United Kingdom 357543.596 346143.773

SOURCE: 9



17

FIGURE 8

GDP at market prices, in millions of EUR

SOURCE : 12



18

FIGURE 9

Real GDP growth rate (percentage)

SOURCE: 13



19

FIGURE 10

GDP at market prices in (Purchasing Power Standard) PPS per inhabitant

SOURCE: 14



20

FIGURE 11

Total population

SOURCE: 15

fact sheet 1 waste generation v2 · 2015. 5. 5. · waste generation from the rate of economic...

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