factors affecting farm operators’ interest in riparian buffers and forest farming corinne valdivia...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
216 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest FarmingCorinne Valdivia – University of Missouri
MU Center for AgroforestryChristine Poulos - Research Triangle Institute
![Page 2: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction Missouri top 1/3 in agricultural commodities
though only 11% farmers list ag. as main or sole source of income.
Multiple sources of income and household objectives: profits, quality of life, future, environment.
Agroforestry strategy to diversify the household portfolio.
The practice or field of farming is known to farm operators. Riparian buffers and forest farming belong to the field or practice of agroforestry.
![Page 3: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objective
Understand what factors increase the likelihood of farm operators’ interest in agroforestry.
Explore the concepts of Habitus (the values and perceptions) - and Field (the social processes and structures, the rules of the game) (Pierre Bourdieau); along with traditional variables used in studies of adoption.
Focus: northeast and southeast Missouri farm operators.
![Page 4: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Interest in agroforestry…
Instruction: show a picture of the practice “Please indicate how interested you might be
implementing the following practices on the land you own” (6 were mentioned, we focus on two) Riparian/Stream bank plantings Forest farming
4=very interested 3=moderately interested 2=slightly interested 1=uninterested 99=not applicable
Interest = 1 if 4 or 3; =0 otherwise
![Page 5: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Riparian Buffer or
Streamside Plantings
Planting rows of trees, shrubs and
grasses along waterways
![Page 6: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Forest farming
Growing crops under the Shade of trees in the forest
![Page 7: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NENEFox- Wyaconda Fox- Wyaconda
WatershedWatershed
SESEScott Co.Scott Co.Site Selection Requirements
in the Mississippi River floodplain ecological/cultural diversity accessible local resource professionals support
The Sites and Sample: 365 farm operators
![Page 8: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
From the literature on adoption A review of conservation, new technologies,
and agroforestry summarized in the paper. Models address issues of perception and
interest, as well as the importance of economics when the land is the main source of livelihood.
The literature also highlights the need to analyze adoption including factors such as biophysical characteristics and risk and uncertainty.
![Page 9: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A proposed model on factors affecting interest in new practices
AttitudesHabitus
StructureInstitutions
Field
EnvironmentPhysical
Economic
IndividualHH
Interest
![Page 10: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Model Logistic regression applied to a dichotomous variable,
being interested 1 or not 0 on agroforestry on the land you own. A Maximum Likelihood estimation:
Ln (Odds) = a +B1X1 +B2X22+B3X3 +B4X 4 +B5X5
Odds = Prob/(1-Prob) ; Prob (event)= eZ/(1- eZ)
Independent Variables: X1 INDIVIDUAL X2 ECONOMIC X3 PHYSICAL X4 FIELD X5 HABITUS
![Page 11: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Independent Variables
Individual: Age of Head of Household (Life Cycle); Education other than formal education- magazines, knowledge through groups
Economic: diversity index of the household economic portfolio
Structure: involvement in farming (full/part-time); CRP payment
Physical: trees on land, frontage without trees, bank erosion (high, very high)
Attitudes/Habitus: trees important to future generations, trees important for scenic beauty, knowledge of agroforestry (FF, RB)
![Page 12: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Interest in Riparian Buffers: Logic Estimation Results
Individual
Age
Magazines
Coef.
-0.0352
0.4068
Z Value
-2.37
1.06
P>|Z| Odds
0.018 0.966
0.289
Economic
HH Diversity I 0.3155 1.54 0.123
Structure/Field
CRP $ 0.0081 1.35 0.176
Constant term -2.6765 -2.87 0.004
N = 336
LRchi2 = 49.87
P> chi2 =0.0000
![Page 13: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Interest in Riparian Buffers: factor coefficients and significancePhysical
Bank Erosion
Frontage WOT
Location
Coef.
1.021
0.005
0.591
Z Value
2.89
0.35
1.47
P>|Z| Odds
0.004 2.778
0.725
0.143
Habitus/Attitudes
Trees Future G.
Trees Scenic B.
Knowledge RB.
0.933
0.730
1.481
2.43
1.85
2.96
0.015 2.543
0.064 2.075
0.003 4.401
Pseudo R2 = 0.1803
![Page 14: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Interest in Forest Farming: Logit Estimation Results
Individual
Age
Member Inf. G.
Coef.
-0.0258
1.0850
Z Value
-1.77
1.41
P>|Z| Odds R
0.077 .97
0.159
Economic
HH Diversity I -0.170 -0.82 0.411
Structure/Field
Part time farm 0.3468 0.86 0.387
Constant term -1.4104 -1.51 0.132
N = 296
LRchi2 = 51.42
P> chi2 =0.0000
![Page 15: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Interest in Forest Farming: Logit Estimation ResultsPhysical
Trees on the land
Coef.
0.6105
Z Value
1.67
P>|Z| Odds
0.095 1.84
Habitus/Attitudes
Trees Future G.
Trees Scenic B.
Knowledge FF.
1.0404
0.7481
2.5254
2.64
1.84
4.10
0.008 2.83
0.066 2.11
0.000 12.49
Pseudo R2 = 0.1936
![Page 16: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Model of Interest Findings Attitude variables are significant in both practices,
those that believe that trees are important to future generations and for scenic beauty are more likely to be interested in agroforestry
Knowledge of the practice has the strongest positive effect indicating that farm operators familiar with the field of agroforestry are more likely to be interested
The physical characteristics of farm operator’s land (bank erosion; trees) increase the likelihood of interest in the practices
Economic variables, diversification of the portfolio and part time farming, and CRP payments have no effect on the likelihood of being interested
![Page 17: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conclusions/Implications Economics: on the one hand for most operators
land is not the only source of livelihood which may explain why it is not significant in interest. It may be significant when estimating actual adoption. On the other, several variables were correlated, so further work on proxies for economic and field/structural variables.
The findings on the positive effect of knowledge point to the importance of information delivery networks.
Knowledge reduces uncertainty and risk about new technologies (Pattanayak et al).
![Page 18: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Implications/further research
In this particular case knowledge pertains to the field of agroforestry, not traditional farming. The habitus concept appears to be useful in understanding interest.
The significance of physical characteristics indicates these should be included in the information provided to farm operators with the practices.
Further research using ecological characteristics to identify the sample frame as well as formulate interest questions will be tested.
![Page 19: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Thank you!
Questions, suggestions.
![Page 20: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Literature review of adoption: Agriculture and Agroforestry
Interest in new technologies when “awareness, feasibility, in line with objectives” (Pannel)
Attitudes strongest effect on decision to adopt (Matthews)Familiarity with practice stronger than education (Matthews)Type of operation, age, gender, and size No Effect (M)Economic: monetary and non monetary significant when
livelihood depends on land (Koontz); length of returns relevant in case of trees (Raintree); competitive uses of land significant (Alig et al)
Institutions: Up front costs in RB significant, cost share important (Lyn and Brown)
Services of AFP: Aesthetics, shade, wildlife, soil conservation (perceived benefits) (Workman et al)
![Page 21: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Literature on Adoption: Conservation
Study of perceptions, decision to use, effort, phases in the adoption process (Ervin and Ervin; Cooper and Keim; Konyar and Osburn; Skaggs et al; Jansen and Grebemicael; Hagan) Personal: education and attitudes (Ervin and Ervin; Clearfield
and Osgood); age and education (Konyar and Osburn) Physical: soil erosion (E&E); perception of erosion (C&O) (K&O) Economic: returns, debt free assets; off-farm; risk (E&E;K&O);
farm structure (K&O;C&O); income from farming (H); returns, competition among different activities (Johnson et al)
Institutions: Level of incentives (C& K); reverting to farming (S) technological assistance/extension; government cost share; level of incentives (E&E;C&O; C&K; J&G)
Non monetary motivations a driving force in adoption when the practice is not the main or sole source of income (Koontz)
![Page 22: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Attitudes
Disposition to change (Schucksmith) Bourdeau’s habitus and field: accumulators,
conservatives, disengagers Attitude toward agroforestry: paths within the
field of farming (windbreaks and riparian buffers) and in the field of agroforestry (forest farming, alley cropping) (Raedeke et al)
Attitudes shaped by awareness, willingness to take risks, and physical characteristics
![Page 23: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Literature Review Adoption of Agroforestry (Pattanayak et al) Farmer preferences: education, age, gender, socio-
cultural status Resource endowments: income, assets, labor, livestock,
credit/savings Market incentives: potential income gain, distance to
market, price effect Bio-physical factors: soil quality, slope, plot size,
irrigation Risk and uncertainty: tenure, experience, extension and
training, membership Need to increase the studies focusing on bio-
physical and on risk and uncertainty
![Page 24: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Interest in Riparian Buffers Results Individual: Age was significant (P<0.1) and had a
negative effect, while education captured by magazines had no effect.
Physical: Bank erosion was positive and significant (P<.01) while other variables had no effect.
Habitus/attitude: Knowledge of Riparian Buffers had the strongest positive effect (P<.01). Trees for future generations and scenic beauty had both a positive and significant effect (P<0.05)
Economic and structure variables had no effect on interest in establishing riparian buffers in their land.
![Page 25: Factors Affecting Farm Operators’ Interest in Riparian Buffers and Forest Farming Corinne Valdivia – University of Missouri MU Center for Agroforestry](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d435503460f94a1fb64/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Interest in Forest Farming Results Individual characteristics, age has a negative and
significant (P<.10) effect on interest in forest farming Physical characteristics, trees was significant and
positive (P<.10) Habitus/attitude, highly significant (P<.001) if they
believe trees are important for future generations; and significant (P<.10) for those stating that trees are important for scenic beauty
Knowledge of Forest Farming has the strongest positive effect (P<.001) on likelihood of being interested
Economic and structure/field variables had no effect on the likelihood of being interested in forest farming