Factors and forces Factors and forces influencing on curriculum influencing on curriculum

developmentdevelopment

Contents….Contents….

Definition of curriculumDefinition of curriculum History of curriculumHistory of curriculum Old concept vs. modern curriculumOld concept vs. modern curriculum What is curriculum developmentWhat is curriculum development Curriculum Vs. SyllabusCurriculum Vs. Syllabus FactorsFactors

Definition of curriculumDefinition of curriculum

Kerr defines curriculum as, 'All the learning Kerr defines curriculum as, 'All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school. individually, inside or outside the school. (quoted in Kelly 1983: 10; see also, Kelly (quoted in Kelly 1983: 10; see also, Kelly 1999). 1999).

History of curriculumHistory of curriculum

The idea of curriculum is hardly new - but The idea of curriculum is hardly new - but the way we understand and theorize it has the way we understand and theorize it has altered over the years - and there remains altered over the years - and there remains considerable dispute as to meaning. It has considerable dispute as to meaning. It has its origins in the running .It was, literally, a its origins in the running .It was, literally, a course. course.

Which are old Which are old curriculum…curriculum…

Subject Centered Subject Centered curriculumcurriculum

Broad field curriculumBroad field curriculum Conservative core Conservative core

curriculumcurriculum

Which are modern Which are modern curriculumcurriculum

The child centered The child centered curriculumcurriculum

Activity and experience Activity and experience centered curriculumcentered curriculum

Community centered Community centered curriculumcurriculum

Progressive curriculumProgressive curriculum Problem-oriented Problem-oriented

curriculumcurriculum

Islamic concept of curriculumIslamic concept of curriculum

According to Islam, basic values are According to Islam, basic values are permanent. So will be the educational permanent. So will be the educational objectives. In traditionalism, sources of objectives. In traditionalism, sources of values are traditions of their forefathers, values are traditions of their forefathers, While is Islam, pleasure of ALLAH is the While is Islam, pleasure of ALLAH is the source of Value. source of Value.

According to Islam only the prophetic According to Islam only the prophetic knowledge is absolutely reliable. So content knowledge is absolutely reliable. So content will essentially consist of the will essentially consist of the knowledge ,knowledge ,

Islamic concept of curriculumIslamic concept of curriculum

contained in the Quran and contained in the Quran and Sunnah.Knowledge gained through other Sunnah.Knowledge gained through other sources will also be tested on this criteria sources will also be tested on this criteria (Quran & Sunnah) and may conditionally (Quran & Sunnah) and may conditionally made a part of curriculum.made a part of curriculum.

What is curriculum developmentWhat is curriculum development

Curriculum Development can be defined as Curriculum Development can be defined as the systematic planning of what is taught the systematic planning of what is taught and learned in schools as reflected in and learned in schools as reflected in courses of study and school programscourses of study and school programs

SYLLABUS VS CURRICULUMSYLLABUS VS CURRICULUM

CurriculumCurriculum Curriculum is a focus of study, consisting of Curriculum is a focus of study, consisting of

various courses all designed to reach a various courses all designed to reach a particular qualification. particular qualification.

SyllabusSyllabus A syllabus is simply an outline and time line A syllabus is simply an outline and time line

of a particular course. It will typically give a of a particular course. It will typically give a brief overview of the course.brief overview of the course.

Factors That Affect the Curriculum Factors That Affect the Curriculum Design ProcessDesign Process

PoliticalPolitical SocialSocial EconomicEconomic TechnologicalTechnological EnvironmentalEnvironmental Child PsychologyChild Psychology

Curriculum development is influenced Curriculum development is influenced by several factors.by several factors.

Several factors affect all curriculum development Several factors affect all curriculum development in meeting the needs of 21st century learners in in meeting the needs of 21st century learners in both organized academic settings and both organized academic settings and corporation learning centers. Factors affecting corporation learning centers. Factors affecting curriculum development include government curriculum development include government rules, which in turn brings other factors into the rules, which in turn brings other factors into the process. Valid curriculum development requires process. Valid curriculum development requires awareness of the diversity of the target awareness of the diversity of the target community socially, financially and community socially, financially and psychologically. psychologically.

Social factorSocial factor

Society has its own expectations about the Society has its own expectations about the aims and objectives that should be aims and objectives that should be considered when designing the curriculum. considered when designing the curriculum. It also has a perception of what the product It also has a perception of what the product of the school system should look like. It is of the school system should look like. It is therefore necessary for curriculum therefore necessary for curriculum designers to take in to account these designers to take in to account these societal considerations. societal considerations.

Example……..Example……..

Subjects which has gender education and Subjects which has gender education and political economy have proved difficult to political economy have proved difficult to include in the curriculum because of the include in the curriculum because of the resistance from some religious groups.resistance from some religious groups.

PoliticalPolitical

Politics affect curriculum development in Politics affect curriculum development in numerous ways.numerous ways.

How politics influences curriculum design and How politics influences curriculum design and development starts with funding. Both private development starts with funding. Both private and public educational institutions rely on and public educational institutions rely on funding for hiring personnel, building and funding for hiring personnel, building and maintaining facilities and equipment. All aspects maintaining facilities and equipment. All aspects of curriculum depend on local, state and national of curriculum depend on local, state and national political standards. political standards.

Example Example

Politics affects curriculum development Politics affects curriculum development from defining goals, interpreting curricular from defining goals, interpreting curricular materials to approving examination materials to approving examination systems,systems,

EconomicEconomic

Economics influences curriculum development.Economics influences curriculum development. Curriculum developed for in house training in Curriculum developed for in house training in

corporations focuses on educating employees corporations focuses on educating employees for promotions that bring better returns in profits. for promotions that bring better returns in profits. Nations financing education expect an economic Nations financing education expect an economic return from educated students contributing to the return from educated students contributing to the country's economy with global competition country's economy with global competition abilities in technical fields abilities in technical fields

Example :(economic)Example :(economic)

Nations financing education expect an Nations financing education expect an economic return from educated students economic return from educated students contributing to the country's economy with contributing to the country's economy with global competition abilities in technical global competition abilities in technical fieldsfields

Technological Technological

Technology driven curriculum development is Technology driven curriculum development is the norm of the 21st century.the norm of the 21st century.

The computer technology of the 21st century The computer technology of the 21st century influences curriculum development at every level influences curriculum development at every level of learning. Learning centers and classrooms of learning. Learning centers and classrooms increasingly provide computers as requisite increasingly provide computers as requisite interaction for studies among students. interaction for studies among students. Technological multimedia use influences Technological multimedia use influences educational goals and learning experiences educational goals and learning experiences among students. among students.

TechnologicalTechnological

Example: 1Example: 1 Undergraduate and graduate degrees in Undergraduate and graduate degrees in

computer technology increases in computer technology increases in popularity. popularity.

TechnologicalTechnological

Example 2:Example 2: DiversityDiversity Curriculum development affect from diversity Curriculum development affect from diversity

opens learning opportunities.opens learning opportunities. Social diversity including religion, culture and Social diversity including religion, culture and

social groupings affects curriculum development social groupings affects curriculum development because these characteristics influence the because these characteristics influence the types of topics and methods for teaching types of topics and methods for teaching information. Developing relevant curriculum information. Developing relevant curriculum takes into account society's expectations, takes into account society's expectations, accommodating group traditions and promoting accommodating group traditions and promoting equality. equality.

EnvironmentEnvironment

Environment issues affect curriculum Environment issues affect curriculum development.development.

World awareness and action toward World awareness and action toward reversing and ending pollution continues reversing and ending pollution continues affecting curriculum development. Typical affecting curriculum development. Typical elementary classrooms teach recycling elementary classrooms teach recycling and healthy environmental practices. and healthy environmental practices.

EnvironmentEnvironment

Example:Example: Higher education in the sciences offer Higher education in the sciences offer

environmentally-focused degrees.e.genvironmentally-focused degrees.e.g Environmental degree ,bio-technology etc.Environmental degree ,bio-technology etc.

Child psychologyChild psychology

Many students with a masters or PhD degree in Many students with a masters or PhD degree in developmental psychology work in educational settings as developmental psychology work in educational settings as school psychologists, which makes sense when school psychologists, which makes sense when considering the emphasis placed on the formative years. considering the emphasis placed on the formative years. However, there are several developmental psychology However, there are several developmental psychology concentrations available on which students can focus:concentrations available on which students can focus:Developmental Studies for EducatorsDevelopmental Studies for EducatorsAgingAgingInfancy, Childhood or AdolescenceInfancy, Childhood or AdolescenceLifespan DevelopmentLifespan DevelopmentBiological Bases of DevelopmentBiological Bases of Development

Child psychologyChild psychology

Example:Example: The developmental psychology curriculum The developmental psychology curriculum

examines the changes in personality, cognitive examines the changes in personality, cognitive ability and behavior throughout the lifespan. ability and behavior throughout the lifespan. Therefore, in addition to preparing themselves Therefore, in addition to preparing themselves for a rewarding career, students enrolled in for a rewarding career, students enrolled in developmental psychology curricula will also developmental psychology curricula will also learn and understand more about themselves as learn and understand more about themselves as they study the scientific conclusions made by they study the scientific conclusions made by experts in the field experts in the field

No question plz………..No question plz………..

ReferencesReferences

. (quoted in Kelly 1983: 10; see also, Kelly . (quoted in Kelly 1983: 10; see also, Kelly 1999) 1999)

www.deepdyve.com/lp/sage/chapter-iii-factors-influencing-curriculum-develop