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LACEMOPS Factors that Affect Climate

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Page 1: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPSFactors that Affect Climate

Page 2: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

Important Lines of Latitude

66.5° N

23.5 ° N

0 °

23.5 ° S

66.5° S

Arctic Circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Mid Latitudes

Mid Latitudes

Low Latitudes

High Latitudes

High Latitudes

Page 3: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

Factors Affecting Climate

Objectives:• Understand the difference between weather and climate.

• Understand how LACEMOPS affect climate.

Page 4: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

What’s the difference?

• Weather: the daily condition of the atmosphere which includes temperature and precipitation.  (think: weather or not to wear a coat today).

• Climate: average weather over an extended period of time.

• Precipitation: Moisture that falls from the sky (rain, snow, sleet, hail)

Page 5: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

Factors Affecting Climate

• Latitude• Air Masses• Continentality• Elevation• Mountain Barriers• Ocean Currents• Pressure and Prevailing Winds• Storms

Page 6: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Latitude• The most important factor.

• The farther from the equator‐ the colder and drier it becomes.

• Low latitude: high temperature.

• Middle latitude: temperate

• High latitude: low temperature

Page 7: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Air Masses• Air masses take on the 

temperature and moisture characteristics of the surface they pass over.

• Polar regions‐– Cold air – High pressure area

• Tropics‐– Warm air– Low pressure area

• Mountains can act as barriers to air movement.

Page 8: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Continentality• Water moderates climate.

– Water takes longer to cool/heat than land does.

• Areas far from the influence of any ocean or sea tend to experience temeperature extremes.

Page 9: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Elevation• The higher the elevation, the colder and drier the air.– Thinner air– Further away from the earth’s heat

• Think: peaks of mountains have snow.

Page 10: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Mountain Barriers• Mountains can act as 

barriers to air masses moving.

• Orographic effect:– The windward side of a 

mountain gets precipitation & has lush vegetation.

– The leeward side (facing away from the wind) is dry.

– Dry side is called a “rain shadow.”

• Usually a desert

Page 11: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

Wind with

moisture

Orographic Effect

mountain

desert

Windward side Leeward side

Rain Shadow

lush vegetation

Page 12: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Ocean Currents Move heat back and forth between the tropics and the polar regions.

Cold air currents are dry.

Warm air currents are     wet.

Page 13: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°
Page 14: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

El Niño

• El Niño is a weather pattern created by the warming of the waters off the west coast of South America.– Pushes heavy rains to the

southwestern U.S.– Produces drought

conditions in Asia and Australia.

Page 15: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Pressure & Prevailing Winds

• High pressure‐– clear skies and no rain– from the Poles

• Low pressure –– brings precipitation– from the equator

• Prevailing winds:– Trade winds (EW)– Westerlies (WE)– Doldrums (calm areas around 

equator)

Page 16: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

What is the Coriolis effect?

• The Coriolis effect is the apparent curvature of global winds, ocean currents, and everything else that moves freely across the Earth’s surface. 

• The curvature is due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis.

The Coriolis effect is responsible for the rotation pattern of hurricanes and typhoons.

Page 17: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Storm Tracks• Storms occur where cold & hot air masses collide.– Ex. when Westerliesmeet polar winds, there are storms.

• N. Hemi: counter‐clockwise

• S. Hemi: clockwise

Page 18: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

LACEMOPS: Storms

• Types of storms:– Tornadoes: form quickly; relatively small diameter; usually in middle latitudes

– Hurricanes: ocean storms that cover large areas and take days to form

– Typhoon: hurricanes in the western Pacific Ocean

Page 19: Factors that Affect Climate LACEMOPS - Lobos Geographylobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/lacemops_mod.pdf · Factors that Affect Climate. Important Lines of Latitude 66.5°

• On the end of your paper: – Write a summary that’s exactly 20 words in length (no more, no less)

– Must include the term climate– Must include two terms from LACEMOPS

Summary