FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA___________________________________________________________________________

ELECTROTECHNOLOGY (EEE111)

EXPERIMENT 2

Title:

INTRODUCTION TO RESISTOR COLOUR CODE, BASIC INSTRUMENT AND CIRCUIT CONNECTION

Prepared by:NameUiTM No.Group

MURSYIDAH MADIHAH BINTI MUHAMMAD ISA2015831122 EE1111E

NUR ATHIRAH BINTI HASSAN2015202942 EE1111E

ASSESSMENTMARKS

Format/5

Objectives /15

Procedure /20

Discussion /40

Conclusion /15

References/5

Total Marks /100

Final Marks after Penalty /100

Lecturers nameMOHD ABDUL TALIB BIN MAT YUSOH

FeedbackComment

Assessment:

CONTENTSPAGES

1.OBJECTIVES3

2.MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT3

3.RESULT AND DISCUSSION4

4.CONCLUSION

5.REFERENCES

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGY (EEE111)EXPERIMENT 2INTRODUCTION TO RESISTOR COLOUR CODE, BASIC INSTRUMENT AND CIRCUIT CONNECTION1.0 OBJECTIVES1. To measure voltage and current using multimeter and to study the relationship between voltage and current.2. To create waveform using the function generator.3. To understand the functionality and usage of an oscilloscope.4. To understand how electrical/electronic circuits can be prototyped on a breadboard.5. To construct resistive circuit (series, parallel, series parallel) on a breadboard and to be familiar with resistor color code.6. To identify the operating controls and the functions of various laboratories equipment and how to measure value of resistance, current and voltage by using test instruments.1.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT1. Graph paper 2. Breadboard3. Resistors (4 values)4. Jumper wire5. Oscilloscope6. Digital multimeter7. Power supply8. Function generator1.2 INTRODUCTION PART A: Resistor Color Coding SchemeThere are three types of resistor color coding available. They have different number of color bands and hence provide different information.

4- BAND COLOUR CODE

5- BAND COLOUR CODE

6- BAND COLOUR CODE

2 digits, multiplier, tolerance3 digits, multiplier, tolerance3 digits, multiplier, tolerance, thermal coefficient

Figure 2.1: Typical color coding scheme

Reading 4 band Resistor Color CodesTable 2.1 Resistor Multiplier and Tolerance Band Color Code

Figure 2.2 below shows a common 1K resistor. From left to right, a 1K resistor will have brown-black-red-gold. This decodes respectively to 1 0 102 - .

Figure 2.2: A 4-band color code resistorTake the first and second significant digits together to be 10. Then multiply by the multiplier 102. That gives you 1000 as the resistor value, which is 1K. The tolerance band show that the measured resistance can be off by plus or minus 5%. So the actual measured resistor value could be anywhere from 950 to 1050.

PART B: Multimeter Familiarity and MeasurementsDigital Multimeter (DMM)

A digital multimeter will usually have the following key parts: Digital Display: display the measured quantity (sometimes the units are given) and the range of the measurement. Function/Range Switch:selects the function (voltmeter, ammeter, or ohmmeter) and the range for the measurement. COM Input Terminal: Common ground, used in ALL measurements. VInput Terminal:for voltage or resistance measurements. 200 mA Input Terminal:for small current measurements. 10 A Input Terminal:for large current measurements.

1.3 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONPROCEDUREPART A: Resistor Color CodeTable 2.3ResistorColor CodesResistance and ToleranceMinimum resistancesMaximum resistances

R1Brown Green Red Gold1.5k 5%1.425k1.575k

R2Brown Red Red Gold1.2k 5%1.14k1.26k

R3Orange Black Red Gold3k 5%2.8k3.15k

R1= 1 | 5 | 102 | 5% 5/100 x 1500 Min resistance= 1.5k - 0.75k = 1 | 5 | 0 0 | 5% = 75 = 1.425k = 1.5k 5% Max resistance= 1.5k + 0.75k = 1.575k

R2= 1 | 2 | 102 | 5% 5/100 x 1200 Min resistance= 1.2k - 0.6k = 1 | 2 | 0 0 | 5% = 60 = 1.14k = 1.2k 5%Max resistance= 1.2k + 0.6k= 1.26k

R3 = 3 | 0 | 102 | 5 % 5/100 x 3000 Min resistance = 3k - 0.15k = 3 | 0 | 0 0 | 5%=150 = 2.85k = 3k 5% Max resistance = 3k + 0.15k = 3.15kPART B: Multimeter Familiarity and MeasurementA. Resistance measurement using DMM1. Connect the negative probe wire to the COM terminal and positive probe wire to the V terminal.2. Set the knob to . Then, press SHIFT button until a sound symbol appeared on your multimeter screen.3. After that, test the probe wire either it can produced sound or not.4. Put the resistor on the breadboard. Then, test the connectivity of the resistor using the multimeter probe wire.5. Press SHIFT button.6. Observed and recorded the resistance value in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4Digital Multimeter

R11.47k

R21.19k

R32.96k

Reverse the multimeter probe and measure again. What do you observes?The resistance value same as before.

PART C: Connection On BreadboardA. Breadboard Continuity Test1. The resistance function is usually denoted by the unit symbol (). Touch the two test probes of your multimeter together. What happened? The multimeter produced a sound.2. Test the continuity between the holes on a breadboard as shown in Figure 2.6. What is your meter-reading? Is there any continuity between the holes? The multimeter produced a sound. Yes, there is continuity between the holes.3. Test the continuity between the holes on a breadboard as shown in Figure 2.7. What is your meter-reading? Is there any continuity between the holes? The multimeter not produce a sound. No, there is no continuity between the holes.

B. Construct a Series / Parallel Circuit Connection on Breadboard

1. Select any three resistors namely R1, R2, R3.2. Measure the value of each resistor using a multimeter and record the readings in table.3. Draw the construction of circuit shown in Figure 2.8 above on the virtual breadboard provided below. 4. By using the resistors R1, R2, R3, construct the circuit shown in Figure 2.8 on the real breadboard. 5. Using DMM measure the total resistance at terminal A-B and record them in table 2.5 below.6. Repeat step 2-5 using the schematic diagram shown in Figure 2.9 above.

Series circuit connection on breadboard

Parallel circuit connection on breadboard

ResistorMeasured Resistance(k)

R11.47

R21.19

R32.96

Total resistance of Figure 2.85.62

Total resistance of Figure 2.90.54

Part D: Application of Basic Lab EquipmentA. Measuring voltage by using a multimeter1. Set the digital multimeter to measure the voltage.2. Set the DC power supply to supply 10V.3. Connect the multimeter probe power to the power supply as shown in Figure 2.104. Observe the voltage reading. Answer: 10.042 V5. Reverse the probe and measure again. What is the meter reading, including its sign? What can you conclude from the meter reading? Answer: the meter reading is 10.038 V.

B. Measure current by using a multimeter 1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 2.112. Record the resistor value in Table 2.63. Set the multimeter as Ammeter.4. Observe the current reading with power supply set at 0V, 10V, 15V, 20V.5. Record all the data in table 2.6

Table 2.6 Resistor= 2.96k

Voltage (V)Current (mA)

0V0.0001

10V0.0035

15V 0.0052

20V0.0069

6. Reverse the lead wire connection and what is the meter reading, including its sign? Why is it so?Answer: -0.0066. It is because the lead wire connection has been reversed.7. Using the result in Table 2.6 plot V vs. I on a graph paper given in Figure 2.128. Calculate the resistance value from the graph.

C. Using function generator and oscilloscope

1. Select sine waveform at frequency of 500Hz on function generator. Set peak to peak voltage at 10V. Set offset voltage at 0V.2. Connect the oscilloscope to the function generator as shown in Figure 2.13.3. Turn on the oscilloscope and select the following settings: ac coupling4. Push the CH1 MENU button and set the PROBE option to 1X.5. Select the switch on the oscilloscope probe to 1X.6. Push the Auto Set button on the oscilloscope for automatic display setting.7. Adjust the setting to 2V/div, 1ms/div and measure:a. The rms voltage (Vrms) Answer: 358mAb. The period of the waveform (T) Answer: 2.000msc. The frequency of the waveform (f) Answer: 500.0Hzd. How many cycles are displayed? Answer: 4

8. Draw the waveform in Figure 2.14 below.

DISCUSSIONTo measure voltage and current using multimeter and to study the relationship between voltage and current. To create waveform using the function generator. To understand the functionality and usage of an oscilloscope. To understand how electrical/electronic circuits can be prototyped on a breadboard. To construct resistive circuit (series, parallel, series parallel) on a breadboard and to be familiar with resistor color code. To identify the operating controls and the functions of various laboratories equipment and how to measure value of resistance, current and voltage by using test instruments.CONCLUSIONIn this experiment, we use many types of materials and equipment such as resistors, breadboard, jumper wire, oscilloscope, function generator, power supply, digital multimeter to complete this experiment. We must read the 4 band resistor according to their own color code and tolerance band color code. We must used the digital multimeter to read the quantity of the resistor. We must make sure when we connect the resistor on breadboard the multimeter make a sound and that proves ththt there is a connection on the breadboard. Test the two probes together to make sure the multimeter works properly. We used the function generator and oscilloscope to make a sine wave based on the instruction given by the manual. 1