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Faculty of Environment

Khosro Ashrafi (Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran)

[email protected]

Majid Shafiepour Motlagh (Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran)

[email protected]

Hossein Tavakkoli (M.S. student, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran)

1/15/2014 U.S.-Iran Symposium on Urban Air Pollution, 1

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


Preface Graduate Faculty of Environment of University of Tehran

includes 4 department as:

Department of Environmental Engineering

Air pollution

Water resources

Solid waste management and soil pollution

Water and Wastewater

Sea and coastal area pollution

Department of Environmental Education and Management

Department of Environmental Design

Department of Natural Disasters

1/15/2014 U.S.-Iran Symposium on Urban Air Pollution 2


Preface (cont…) I am working on air quality modeling

Photochemical air quality models

Dispersion models for industrial sources

Challenges of Photochemical modeling in IRAN:

Emission inventory for air pollutants especially for VOCs

Transboundary and boundary conditions

High performance computers

Land-use data and parameters of urban areas

Incompatible meteorological, topography and other data format for

input of air quality models



Preface (cont…) Challenges of dispersion modeling of industrial sources

There is no regulation to implement an standard dispersion

model to demonstrate effects of existing or new industrial

sources

Incompatible meteorological, topographical and other data

format for input of dispersion models such as AERMOD

Shortage of sampling data from stacks and area sources of

industries (VOCs, Heavy metals (e.g. Hg), Size distribution of

PM, and etc.)


Outline Site description

Sources of PM in the steel complex

Research procedure

PM dispersion modeling using AERMOD

Land-use for modeling

Meteorological data and its challenges

Dispersion modeling

Monitoring of PM and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) analysis to determine the share of steel complex

Model evaluation

Results

Conclusion



Site description Zarin-shahr city is located in the south-

west of Isfahan city (latitude and longitude: 32°, 24’ N and 51, 22’ E respectively)

According to the 2011 census, Zarin-shahr’s population is 247,345

The region has rich agricultural lands and is one of the most important rice producers in the country

The elevation of Zarin-shahr is about 1680 m above sea level

N-NE is the predominant wind direction in Zarin-shahr region

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Site description (cont…)

1/15/2014 7

Snapshot from near distance

Snapshot from far distance

U.S.-Iran Symposium on Urban Air Pollution


Sources of PM in the steel complex Main sources of PM in the steel complex are stack

point sources



PM dispersion modeling using AERMOD

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(AERMOD, description of model formulation, U.S. EPA, 2004)



Land-use for modeling Conversion of region’s digital topography data to DEM

format appropriate for AERMAP

A FORTRAN code have been developed for this purpose

Other surface Characteristics



Meteorological data and its challenges Meteorological input data for AERMET are defined as:

U.S. NWS surface data format

U.S. NWS upper air data format

On-site data

Iran meteorological data are not compatible with U.S.

NWS format

We have developed a FORTRAN code to convert Iran

meteorological data to on-site data format of AERMET



Meteorological data and its challenges (cont…) wind speed and direction,

temperature,

sky cover,

station pressure,

sea level pressure,

dew-Point temperature,

relative humidity and

Precipitation amount



Dispersion modeling The modeling domain has been defined as 14×14 km2

area with Cartesian grid spacing of 70 m

Meteorological data for year 2010 have been provided

by AERMET in *.sfc and *.pfl format

Topography data of the region have been provided by

AERMAP

AERMOD has been run for 1, 3, 8 and 24 hours

averaging time and also for monthly and annual

averaging period



Location of monitoring stations

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3

10



PM concentration in monitoring stations



CMB modeling The U.S. EPA CMB8.2 receptor model has been used to

quantify the share of the steel plant

Assumptions for applying CMB8.2 are:

U.S.-Iran Symposium on Urban Air Pollution 17 1/15/2014


CMB modeling (cont…) Weight and uncertainty of fitting sources for

generating the pollutants

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Report of university of Isfahan based on EPA emission factors and stack monitoring



CMB modeling (cont…) Concentrations of the pollutants in ambient samples

(ngr/m3)



CMB modeling (cont…) Result of CMB8.2



Model evaluation performance evaluation of AERMOD according to the

Guidelines on Model Evaluation recommended by EPA

1/15/2014 21

Proper value Parameter



Model evaluation (cont…) Results of total TSP monitoring due to Isfahan steel

plant (µg/m3)



Model evaluation (cont…) Results of modeling vs. observations



Model evaluation (cont…) Q-Q plot for 8-hr average



Results



Results

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CONCENTRATION( gr/m3)

Y(M

ET

ER

)

0 20 40 60 80 100

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Z=0

Z=10

(TSP)

Concentration along Y axis (X=0, Z=0)

X(METER)

CO

NC

EN

TR

AT

ION

(gr/

m3)

-5000 0 50000

20

40

60

80

100

Z=0

Z=10

(TSP)

Concentration along X axis (Y=0, Z=0)



Results The concentration of PM in the area next to the

Isfahan steel plant exeeds 75 µg/m3

Most parts of Zarin-Shahr city experience 5-15 µg/m3

PM only from Isfahan steel complex (Other sources

not included)

Some agricultural areas in south and south west of the

Isfahan steel plant are affected 1-10 µg/m3 of PM only

from Isfahan steel complex



Conclusion Dispersion modeling was conducted using AERMOD model based on emission

data for Isfahan steel plant for the year 2010.

Monitoring of PM at 11 stations were carried out and analyzed to obtain the

share of Isfahan steel complex using the receptor model (CMB8.2)

results of CMB model show that the share of steel complex in PM pollutant of

the region is 27 percent.

The evaluation of the model indicates that the model predictions are near 45

degree reference line with good performance.

The annual average concentration of PM in urban area near to steel complex is

affected 5-15 by steel complex stakes.



Acknowledgment At the end, I would like to appreciate the following

people and organization:

HSE office of Isfahan steel complex and Isfahan Provincial

Department of Environment for providing stack parameters and

PM emission data form stacks

World Learning

U.S. National Academy of Science (NAS)

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

The University of Southern California (USC)

UNESCO chair in water and environment management for

sustainable cites, Sharif university of Technology, Iran



Thank you



From the HSE office of Isfahan steel complex and Isfahan Provincial Department of Environment

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