failed anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis. analysis and treatment of thirty-five patients*...

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Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty- five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL RIEW, and HENRY H. BOHLMAN J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 79(4):523-32 April 1, 1997 ©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

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Page 1: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients*

by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL RIEW, and HENRY H. BOHLMAN

J Bone Joint Surg AmVolume 79(4):523-32

April 1, 1997

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 2: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Figs. 1-A through 1-D: Illustrations of types of failure of anterior cervical arthrodesis and of types of operative treatment.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 3: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 1-B: Collapse of the graft can lead to a sharp angular kyphosis, which, combined with the non-union, causes compression of the cord.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 4: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 1-C: Decompression is carried out through the anterior approach.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 5: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 1-D: Anterior bone-grafting is performed with a tricortical Smith-Robinson bone graft countersunk into position.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 6: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Figs. 2-A and 2-B: Radiographs of Case 1.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 7: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 2-B: Two years after the revision, which was performed at the age of forty-three years, a solid fusion was seen at the level between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 8: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Figs. 3-A through 3-D: Case 22.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 9: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 3-B: Radiograph made after repeat anterior arthrodesis with a Cloward dowel-type graft (arrowheads), performed elsewhere.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 10: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 3-C Computed tomography scan made with contrast medium, showing that the dowel graft had been impacted into the spinal canal, flattening the spinal cord (arrowhead).

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 11: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 3-D Radiograph made after hemicorpectomies of the bodies of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae, performed at the age of thirty-nine years with use of a high-speed burr to ensure

complete decompression of the canal.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 12: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Figs. 4-A through 4-D: Case 35.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 13: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 4-B Computed tomography scan made with contrast medium, showing the posterior position of the osteophyte (arrowhead) and the resulting compression of the spinal cord.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 14: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 4-C Myelogram revealing compression at the level between the third and fourth cervical vertebrae.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Page 15: Failed Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis. Analysis and Treatment of Thirty-five Patients* by THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK, STEVEN S. HUGHES, K. DANIEL

Fig. 4-D Radiograph made after fibular strut-grafting and corpectomies of the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, performed at the age of fifty-two years, which resulted in a solid union

and relief of the symptoms.

THOMAS A. ZDEBLICK et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:523-32

©1997 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.