fair use in public broadcasting
DESCRIPTION
Presentation to public broadcasters on employment of fTRANSCRIPT
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Pat Aufderheide Peter Jaszi American University
FAIR USE IN PUBLIC BROADCASTINGTHE BEST PRACTICES MODEL
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THE PURPOSE OF
COPYRIGHT
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ONE PURPOSE :
TO PROMOTE THE CREATION OF CULTURE
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By:
• Rewarding creators with limited monopoly
• Encouraging new makers to use existing culture
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WHY BALANCE?
• All culture created on existing culture (we used to know that)
• The First Amendment (no censorship)
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BIGGEST BALANCING FEATURE:
FAIR USE legal, unauthorized use of
copyrighted material--under
some circumstances
FAIR USE legal, unauthorized use of
copyrighted material--under
some circumstances
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HOW WE FORGOT
BALANCE:• Copyright term extension
• Default copyright
• Punishing penalties (statutory damages)
• Large content holders’ aggressive tactics
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DECADES OF MISINFORMATION
• Guidelines end up as limiting rules
• Corporate mis-education of users
• Tyranny of self-appointed experts, and….
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Business model terror!
• Fair use unfairly blamed for business challenges
• Fair use confused with P2P
• Fair use actually enables current and future business models
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GOOD NEWS…• Judges love
balancing features
• Supreme Court upholds term extension because fair use exists
• Fair use judicial interpretation has greatly shifted in last 15 years
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INTERPRETING
FAIR USE
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THE “FOUR FACTORS”
• Reason for the use
• Kind of work used
• Amount used
• Effect on the market
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PLUS…
Custom and practice of individual creative communities…
...especially when well-documented
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AND IN THE LAST 15 YEARS…
• Transformation
• Amount related to transformative purpose
Judges focus on
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JUDGES ASK:
• Did you transform the use?
• Did you use the appropriate amount to satisfy the transformative use?
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FEAR…• Will I get it wrong?
• Will I get sued?
• Will my boss/general counsel/client get angry?
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BEST PRACTICES
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EDUCATION
• Knowledge of the law
• Awareness of problem
• Articulation of consensus around fair use
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COMMUNITIES INTERPRET FAIR USE:
• Documentary filmmakers
• Scholars
• Media literacy teachers
• Online video
• Dance collections
• OpenCourseWare
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DOCUMENTARY
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RESULTS:• TV programmers air films
• New kinds of films
• All insurers of errors and omissions insurance now accept fair use claims
• Lawyers use the Statement to build their practices
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MEDIA LITERACY
TEACHERS
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MEDIA LITERACY
CATEGORIES• Teaching with copyrighted material
• Using copyrighted material in curriculum materials
• Circulating curriculum materials with copyrighted material in them
• Student use of copyrighted materials in their work
• Circulating student work
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ONLINE VIDEO
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ONLINE VIDEO CODE
• Comment / critique
• Illustration / example
• Accidentally / incidentally
• Preserve / recall
• Discuss
• Collage
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DANCE COLLECTIONS
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OPEN COURSEWARE
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Categories:• Scholarship
• Teaching
• Preservation
• Exhibition
• Disabilities
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Pubcasters’ needs
• Journalism
• Docu films
• Archives
• Educational materials
• What else?
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Headscratchers
• Web pages? Pod-casting? Web-casting?
• Digital archives?
• What else?
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Resources
•Our new book, Reclaiming Fair Use•Center for Social Media web resources • *Codes•*Teaching
tools• *Videos
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FAIR USE:
Practice Makes Practice
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Please feel free to share thispresentation in its entirety.For excerpting, kindly employthe principles of fair use.
Please feel free to share thispresentation in its entirety.For excerpting, kindly employthe principles of fair use.
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THANK YOU!
MacArthur, Rockefeller, Mellon and Ford Foundations Pubcasters everywhere
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CONTACT INFO
Pat Aufderheide Center for Social MediaSchool of Communication American University Washington, DC [email protected]