fales ppt [read-only]
TRANSCRIPT
4/4/2012
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Mary Fales,Watershed Coordinator
Michigan Watershed SummitMarch 28, 2012
MACC MissionMACC Mission::
“To encourage cooperation “To encourage cooperation among neighboring units of among neighboring units of government on area wide government on area wide issues”issues”
Land UseLand Use
� 175 Square miles
� 46% Agricultural� 33% Urban� 19% Forest� 2% Wetlands
� 9 townships� 2 cities� 2 counties
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� Too Much Sediment
� Causes Turbidity and Sedimentation
� Too Many Nutrients
� Causes algae blooms, low dissolved oxygen, fish kills
� Too Much Water Too Fast
� Causes soil erosion
� Elevated levels of E.coli bacteria
� Causes beach closures and public health concerns
� MDEQ studied water quality� Main problem: Phosphorus
� Develop Phosphorus TMDL
� Need 70% Phosphorus Reduction
� 90% of pollution is coming from runoff (non-point sources)
� Watershed Management Plan was developed in the late 90s
•Public Water Supply
•Coldwater FisheryNot
Applicable
•Agricultural Use
•Industrial Water Supply
•Navigation
Meeting Standards
•Warmwater Fishery
•Other Aquatic life/Wildlife
•Total Body Contact
•Partial Body Contact
•Fish Consumption
Impaired
� Hydrology Study
� Pollutant Loading Study
� Wetlands Assessment
� Geomorphology Study
� Conservation Priority Map
� Road Stream Crossing Study
� Agricultural Survey
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� Partnership with Hope College
� Proposed low-cost sediment samplers
� 2009- Water Quality Monitoring Grant
� Funded initial 12 sites
Traditional Sediment Sampling
2011 Sampling Events
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Cost-share for MAEAP
• $500 for completing the Farm-A Syst checklist
• $1500 for becoming verified
• $500 for renewing verification
• If you live in the focus areas: please contact me directly
Mary Fales616-395-2688
Great Lakes Restoration InitiativeSediment Sampling in the Macatawa Watershed
� First sampling grant in 2009
� 2010: � Expanded the analysis side of the program� Rcvd Water Quality Monitoring Grant from MDEQ� Expanded from 12 sites to 26 sites
� 2011: � Rcvd private funding to expand the program from 26 sites to 43
sites
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� Size and shape� Color� Cathodoluminesence� Biological analysis� Elemental analysis� Phosphate content� Radiodating
� Particle size examined by using both sieve stacks and scanning electron microscope (SEM)
� Shape analyzed by Scandium® software for roundness, elongation, etc.
� Majority of sites feature high concentration of clay-sized particles (<65µm)
Site 19
Site 27 Site 40
Site 16Site 9
Site 6
� Using this technique to identify and quantify minerals within samples
� Blues are the feldspars� Reds are the calcite� Dark purple and blues are quartz
� Analysis performed using SEM to create pollen and diatom library for site by site comparison
� Loss on ignition testing also performed to measure total organic content
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� Particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) to look at various elements
Zn Event 2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1BE2
3CE2
5BE2
7CE2
9BE2
11CE2
13BE
2
15BE
2
18CE2
20CE2
22CE2
24CE2
26BE
2
28BE
2
30CE2
32BE
2
34CE2
37BE
2
41AE
2
Ave
rage
Site
Concen
tration
Cu Event 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1BE2
3CE2
5BE2
7CE2
9BE2
11CE2
13BE
2
15BE
2
18CE2
20CE2
22CE2
24CE2
26BE
2
28BE
2
30CE2
32BE
2
34CE2
37BE
2
41AE
2
Ave
rage
Site
Concen
tration
Fe Event 2
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1BE2
3CE2
5BE2
7CE2
9BE2
11CE2
13BE
2
15BE
2
18CE2
20CE2
22CE2
24CE2
26BE
2
28BE
2
30CE2
32BE
2
34CE2
37BE
2
41AE
2
Ave
rage
Site
Concentration
0.1
1
10
AA & PIXE Comparison of Fe:Ca Ratios
AA Fe:Ca
PIXE Fe:Ca
� Phosphate analyzed using AutoAnalyzer III
� Total inorganic phosphates (Ca-bound, Fe-bound and soluble) measured
� Fe/Ca ratio has matched elemental ratio found using PIXE
Event 2Event 4 Preliminary Results:
A typical “event”
Phosphates
Event 2Event 4 Preliminary Results:
A typical “event”
Phosphates
� Is sediment coming from streambank erosion OR surface runoff?
� Looking for 7 Be which has a short half life
� Topsoil: should have 7Be
� Soil from bank erosion: little to no 7Be
First 7Be Radiodating Results
Site 5
Site 24
Site 32
Site 42
7Be
7Be
7Be
7Be
Most sediment collected is topsoil (<1 yr old) = Run-off
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� Size and Shape� Minerals � Biological Analysis
Most Promising� Color� Elemental Analysis� Phosphate Analysis� Radiodating
� Both of our State grants end this summer
� Putting together guidance on how other groups might develop a similar program
� The monitoring program will continue this year
� Turn sediment mass data into sediment loads
� Continue sampling in the future . . . .we hope
� Build partnership with local college or university� Chemistry, geology departments
� Make friends with local road commissions
� Advertise the program as much as you can!
� Use students! Mary Fales,Watershed Coordinator