fall 1 a 3
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Week 1 Class 3
Ewrt 1A
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Agenda Presentation: Four Sentence
Types Discussion: review for essay #1
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Types of Sentences
1. Simple2. Compound3. Complex4. Compound-complex
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#1: Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one
subject and one verb I like to study grammar.
A simple sentence is also called an independent clause.
An independent clause ends with a period or semicolon.
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Simple Sentences Examples:
Carol’s sweater is red.You and Alex need to be quiet.
Ms. Bennett did a cartwheel and a backflip.
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#2: Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences joined by one of the following:
A comma and a coordinating conjunction I like to study grammar, and I love this class.
A semicolon I like to study grammar; I love this class.
A semicolon and an adverbial conjunction I like to study grammar; therefore, I love this
class.
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Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions are used to join together two independent clauses.
Examples: For And Nor But Or Yet So
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Two independent clauses joined together
I love you, and you love me.
Independent clause
Independent clause
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Semicolons
“If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON
Mary has benefited from her writing exercises; she has good grammar and
punctuation.
Tiffany works in San Francisco; she runs The Duck.
Elaine pays attention in class; she takes copious notes
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:adverbial conjunctions
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
NEVERTHELESS
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Thomas is cool; moreover, he is fashionable
.
Luke’s grandmother buys him sweaters; however, he does not like them.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
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#3: Complex Sentence#3: Complex Sentence A complex sentence is a simple
sentence (independent clause) to which a part of a sentence (dependent clause) has been added. Because I like to study grammar, I
love this class. I love this class because I like to
study grammar.
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A dependent clause joined to an independent clause. (The dependent clause needs the
rest of the sentence for support.)
Because you love me, I love you.
Dependent clause
Independent clause
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A dependent clause contains a subject and verb. It begins with a subordinating conjunction, and thus it does not express a completed thought. A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.
Dependent clauses, like babies, cannot stand alone.
Because you love me.
Fragment!
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A Tip on Punctuation Since dependent clauses are only
part of a sentence, you can never connect them to another sentence with a semicolon. Semicolons are only used between two independent clauses. I have loved you for years ; although I
never admitted it. I have loved you for years, although I
never admitted it.OK
No!
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Common Subordinating (Dependent) Conjunctions
after even if now that that where
although
even though
once though
whereas
as if rather than
unless wherever
as if whenever
since until whether
because
in orderthat
so that when which
before than in case
while
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Complex Sentences Examples:
When Trey was little, he played with blocks.
After class, good students study. If I pass 1A, I will take 1B. Use the stairs in case of fire. Ava stands at the bottom of the
cliff while the climber moves up the rock.
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#4: Compound/Complex Sentence
#4: Compound/Complex Sentence A compound/complex sentence is
the last and most complicated type of sentence.
It contains at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses.
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A dependent clause added to two or more independent clauses
Because we are a family, I love you, and you love me.
2 independent clauses
Dependent clause
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Compound Complex Sentences
Example: Laura forgot her friend’s
birthday, so she sent her a card when she finally remembered.
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Simple Compound
Complex Compound/complex
Since every sentence in English fits into one of these four categories,
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Think You’ve Got It? 1 independent clause = simple sentence
Don’t’ forget: These can have compound subjects and predicates!
2 independent clauses = compound sentence
1 or more dependent clause + 1 independent clause = complex sentence
2 or more independent clauses + 1 or more dep. clause
= compound complex sentence
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Let’s Review…
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Simple, Compound, or Complex?
The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.
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Simple, Compound, or Complex?
The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.
SIMPLE: Subject: “the teacher” Compound Predicate “walked into the
classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.”
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Simple, Compound, or Complex?
Juan played football while Juanita went shopping.
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Simple, Compound, or Complex?
Juan played football while Juanita went shopping.
COMPLEX Independent Clause: Juan played
football Subordinate Clause: while
(subordinating conjunction) Juanita went shopping.
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Simple, Compound, or Complex?
Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping.
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Simple, Compound, or Complex?
Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping.
COMPOUND Juan played football, yet (coordinating
conjunction) Juanita went shopping.
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Simple, Compound, or Complex?
After Reggie passed the test, he went to the bar to celebrate!
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Simple, Compound, or Complex?
After Reggie passed the test, he went to the bar to celebrate!
COMPLEX After (subordinating conjunction)
Reggie passed the test, he went to the bar to celebrate!
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CONGRATULATIONS!
YOU NOW KNOW EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW
• To write anything you want to write
• Any way you want to write it
• And still get the punctuation right each time!
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Outline
Write a one-page outline to use on the essay exam tomorrow.
•I suggest the following format•Introduction idea•Thesis•Topic sentences for paragraphs•Counterargument ideas•Conclusion idea
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HOMEWORK Post #4: Outline with thesis Bring: A hard copy of your outline,
pen, and paper to class tomorrow for the test.