2018FALL FINAL STUDY

GUIDE REVIEW

It changes from chemical

energy to thermal energy.

1. WHAT ENERGY CHANGE HAPPENS

WHEN A RAINFOREST IS BURNED TO

CLEAR LAND?

Snails release CO2 (carbon

dioxide) during the process

of cellular respiration.

2. WHAT GAS DO SNAILS RELEASE?

Plants and animals can

both perform cellular

respiration.

3. WHICH ORGANISMS PERFORM

CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

Plants use pigments

primarily to absorb light

energy from the sun.

4. WHAT DO PLANTS USE PIGMENTS

FOR?

Reactants: CO2 (carbon

dioxide) + H20 (water) +

sunlight (energy)

Products: C6H12O6

(glucose) + O2 (oxygen)

5. WHAT ARE THE REACTANTS AND

PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

Reactants: C6H12O6

(glucose) + O2 (oxygen)

Products: CO2 (carbon

dioxide) + H2O (water) +

ATP (energy)

6. WHAT ARE THE REACTANTS AND

PRODUCTS OF CELLULAR

RESPIRATION?

Mitochondria

7. WHICH ORGANELLE PRODUCES

ENERGY FOR MUSCLE CELLS?

Most of the blue and red

light is absorbed by

chlorophyll and most of the

green light is reflected.

8. WHY DO LEAVES OF PLANTS LOOK

GREEN?

Chloroplast

9. WHERE DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS

OCCUR?

Energy moves from the

bottom of the pyramid to

the top of the pyramid.

10. IN AN ENERGY PYRAMID, WHICH

WAY DOES ENERGY TRANSFER?

Producers

11. WHICH LEVEL OF A FOOD CHAIN

GETS THEIR ENERGY FROM AN

OUTSIDE SOURCE?

Any LIVING thing (plants,

animals, bacteria, etc.)

12. WHAT IS A BIOTIC FACTOR?

Primary consumer

13. IF AN ANIMAL IS AN HERBIVORE,

WHERE WOULD IT BE IN THE FOOD

CHAIN?

10% of energy is passed

from one trophic level to

the next, the other 90% is

lost.

14. HOW MUCH ENERGY IS

TRANSFERRED TO EACH TROPHIC

LEVEL IN A FOOD CHAIN?

The first species in a food

chain.

15. WHICH SPECIES IN A FOOD CHAIN

IS AUTOTROPHIC?

The top consumer

(carnivore)

16. WHICH TROPHIC LEVEL IN A FOOD

CHAIN HAS THE SMALLEST BIOMASS?

Mutualism; the flower

provides the insect with

food, and the insect

pollinates the flower.

17. WHAT TYPE OF SYMBIOTIC

RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN A

FLOWER AND AN INSECT?

Secondary succession

begins on soil, and primary

succession begins on newly

exposed surfaces.

18. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

SUCCESSION?

Birthrate higher than the

death rate

19. WHAT FACTORS CAN CAUSE A

POPULATION TO GROW?

A major extinction event of

large animals.

20. WHAT ARE EARLY HUNTERS AND

GATHERERS RESPONSIBLE FOR?

Mutualism: both species benefit. (flower & insect)

Parasitism: one benefits, the other is harmed. (tapeworm & animal)

Commensalism: one benefits, the other is not affected. (shark & remora)

21. WHAT ARE THE SYMBIOTIC

RELATIONSHIPS?

The logistic model

considers the

environment’s carrying

capacity.

22. HOW DO EXPONENTIAL AND

LOGISTIC GROWTHS DIFFER?

Decreased birthrate

Increased death rate

Emigration

23. WHAT FACTORS CAN CAUSE A

POPULATION TO DECREASE?

the variety of life in the

world or in a particular

habitat or ecosystem.

Specie preservation can

HELP biodiversity!

24. WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?

Density dependent only affects when a population reaches a certain size. (Ex: competition, disease)

Density independent can affect any population, regardless of size. (Ex: natural disasters, climate change)

25. WHAT ARE DENSITY DEPENDENT

AND DENSITY INDEPENDENT

FACTORS?

Death rate may rise.

26. WHAT HAPPENS IF A POPULATION

GROWS LARGER THAN ITS CARRYING

CAPACITY?

The role or function of an

organism in an ecosystem.

No two organisms can

share the same niche.

27. WHAT IS A NICHE?

Nonliving component of

an ecosystem (Ex: soil,

rainfall, sunlight,

temperature)

28. WHAT IS AN ABIOTIC FACTOR?

An organism that eats

other organisms (Ex:

consumer – herbivore,

omnivore, carnivore)

29. WHAT IS A HETEROTROPH?

provide energy for plants

by the process of decay

(Ex: fungi, bacteria)

30. WHY ARE DECOMPOSERS

NECESSARY IN AN ECOSYSTEM?

Substance that captures

heat in the atmosphere.

31. WHAT IS A GREENHOUSE GAS?

Series of processes by

which carbon compounds

are converted in the

environment.

32. DEFINE THE CARBON CYCLE.

The amount of CO2 each

person is responsible for

producing.

33. DEFINE CARBON FOOTPRINT.

Carbon is absorbed by the

flower/plant through

photosynthesis.

34. HOW DOES CARBON TRAVEL

FROM THE ATMOSPHERE TO A

FLOWER?

By consuming organisms

on a previous level OR

thorugh photosynthesis/

chemosynthesis

35. HOW DO ORGANISMS IN AN

ENERGY PYRAMID OBTAIN THEIR

ENERGY?

The producers (base).

36. WHICH LEVEL IN AN ENERGY

PYRAMID HAS THE MOST ENERGY?

Yes – they have

mitochondria .

37.DO PLANTS PERFORM CELLULAR

RESPIRATION?

Alcoholic (yeast) and

lactic acid (some bacteria,

muscles).

38. WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF

FERMENTATION?

ATP.

39. WHICH COMPOUND IS

PRODUCED BY RESPIRATION DIRECTLY

PROVIDES US WITH ENERGY?

Light energy to chemical

energy

40. WHAT ENERGY CHANGE HAPPENS

WHEN A PLANT ABSORBS SUNLIGHT?

The maximum number of

organisms that can live in

an area based on limiting

factors.

41. EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF

CARRYING CAPACITY.

If population goes over

individuals will die, if under

more births can occur

42. HOW DOES CARRYING CAPACITY

DETERMINE POPULATION SIZE?

Energy flows through food

chains and food webs (10%

rule – 90% used by

organism)

43. EXPLAIN HOW ENERGY FLOWS

THROUGH ECOSYSTEMS.

44. DIAGRAM THE FLOW OF ENERGY

USING A 4 STEP FOOD CHAIN.

Competition: organisms compete for

the same limiting factor

Symbiosis: organisms work together

to obtain their needs

Predation: organism

captures and eats another

45. DESCRIBE EXAMPLES OF

COMPETITION, SYMBIOSIS, AND

PREDATION

46. DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN LOGISTIC AND

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH?

Turn off the TV/Xbox/Lights

when you are not using

them, turn off the water

when you brush your teeth,

etc.

47. WHAT ARE SOME WAYS YOU

COULD REDUCE YOUR CARBON

FOOTPRINT?

Tundra

48. WHICH BIOME HAS COLD

TEMPERATURES AND VERY LITTLE

PRECIPITATION?

Temperate grassland

49. WHICH BIOME HAS WARM

TEMPERATURES AND MEDIUM

RAINFALL?

Glucose

50. WHAT IS AN ENERGY-RICH

ORGANIC COMPOUND NEEDED BY

ALL ORGANISMS?