fall online issue
TRANSCRIPT
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
1/22
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
2/22
1 L@VOHAOQ1931
Nocq Qocnoq}$
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
3/22
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
4/22
> L@VOHAOQ1931
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
5/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 ?
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
6/22
6 L@VOHAOQ1931
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oloqkw g} c }co `y~g`l,
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glmgnol~} g} ~eo }hcddo}~ ` clw glnu}(
~qgcd u~gdg~w }oqvgmo$ HmLodg} }cgn, M`cd
cln ewnq`odom~qgm cqo nclkoq`u} }`uqm(
o} ~``,
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`l g~ c} ~eogq hcgl }`uqmo ` y`{oq$ {o
hu}~ ~cbo u~h`}~ mcqo ~` ol}uqo ~ec~
ovol~} dgbo Meoql`awd cln Fubu}eghc
lovoq ecyyol ckcgl,
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-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
7/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 ;
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QODGKG@LCLN
Y@DG^GM]HOO^
-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
8/22
5 L@VOHAOQ1931
HGMECOD NGMB]@L
Choqgmcl} cqo c~ {cq$ v`~oq} cqo ~`dn,^eo `voq{eodhglk hcj`qg~w ` ~eoodom~`qc~o m`l}g}~} ` ~{` }ecqydw ng(
vgnon kq`uy}$ gl~oqhglcadw }oycqc~(
on `l }oqg`u} gno`d`kgmcd cln h`qcd
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^EO CHOQGMCLM_D^_QO [CQ Hw~e `q qocdg~w0 YE@^
@FQ@H
[GBGHONGCM@HH@L]
-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
9/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 7
}e`udn ecvo aool cdd`{on ~` ngo, Gl
cm~$ c mdocq hcj`qg~w$ cyyq`ghc~odw ;?
yoqmol~ ` Choqgmcl}$ }cw ~eow }uyy`q~
ou~eclc}gc,
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1999} ln ~ec~ c hcj`qg~w Choqgmcl}
ood ~ec~ }~oh modd qo}ocqme g} h`qcddw
cmmoy~cado, Wo~$ Qoyuadgmcl Yqo}gnol~
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mcl} `ldw ngoqon aw ca`u~ 39 yoqmol~
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qodc~g`l} dgbo mgvgd ulg`l} `q hcqqgcko},
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cqo }cgn ~` ecvo ydcwon c nomg}gvo q`do$
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}cgn ~ec~ H`qcd G}}uo} {c} ~eo h`}~
ghy`q~cl~ g}}uo gl ~eogq nomg}g`l,
^eg} hcw }ooh }gklgmcl~$ }cgn Fg`(
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YE@^@FQ@H
[GBGHONGCM
@HH@L]
-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
10/22
39 L@VOHAOQ1931
]CQCE ON[CQN]
YDCL AGL LWM EGKE ]ME@@D]
C fcgdon d`mcd glg~gc~gvo$ `q c h`nod f`q ~eo lc~g`l ~` f`dd`{0
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ng}~qgau~o m`l~qcmoy~gvo} ~` hgl`q} c}
ycq~ c fck}egy yq`kqch mcddon MC^ME
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eol}gvo Eocd~e',
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~` egke qc~o} ` ~oolcko yqoklclmw
gl Choqgmc} dcqko}~ mg~w, Ca`u~ ;$999
w`ulk {`hol aom`ho yqoklcl~ gl
Lo{ W`qb Mg~w ovoqw wocq, 79 yoqmol~
` ~e`}o yqok(
lclmgo} cqo ul(
ydcllon cln
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yqoklclmgo} cqo
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gmw ~ec~ qosugqo} qodgkg`u} gl}~g~u~g`l}
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{`hol aom`ho yqok(
lcl~ gl Lo{ W`qb Mg~w
ovoqw wocq, 79 yoqmol~
` ~e`}o yqoklclmgo}
cqo ulydcllon cln `voq
ecd ` ~e`}o yqoklcl(
mgo} cqo ~oqhglc~on,
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
11/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 33
}ocqme Gl}~g~u~o$ c [c}eglk~`l N,M,
~eglb ~clb$ ;1 yoqmol~ ` ovclkodgmcd
Yq`~o}~cl~} cln 61 yoqmol~ ` Mc~e`(
dgm} `yy`}o hcb(
glk m`l~qcmoy(
~gvo} cvcgdcado ~`
hgl`q}, Gl Lo{
W`qb$ cl cqoc {g~e
c egke m`lmol~qc(~g`l ` Mc~e`dgm}$
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koq y`dg~gmcd yudd,
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ckqoo ~ec~ Ydcl A }e`udn ao cvcgdcado
~` egke }me``d }~unol~},
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gl mqg~gmgzglk MC^ME, MC^ME hcbo} agq~e
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A }e`udn ao cvcgd(
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auhyon uy ~` 36$ e`{ovoq$ ?1 yoqmol~
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eocd~e yq`kqch} dgbo MC^ME,
Nclgod M`$ qo}ocqme ngqom~`q c~ ~eo
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hume kqoc~oq nokqoo ~ecl Choqgmcl}
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aom`ho c h`dn `q ~eo qo}~ ` ~eo lc(
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@lmo ~eo cko g}
auhyon uy ~` 36$
e`{ovoq$ ?1 yoqmol~
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MC^ME,
Ye`~`}3cln1awQoloo]uddo
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1 =
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
12/22
31 L@VOHAOQ1931
]omudcq ohglg}h g} l`ado gl ~eo}ol}o ~ec~ g~ g} ulgvoq}cd$ ~ec~ g~
nohcln} qoon`h$ ju}~gmo$ cln osucd(
g~w `q cdd {`hol$ glnoyolnol~ ` qcmo$
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cd}$ `l glngvgnucdg}h$ `l osucdg~w gl ~eoyuadgm cln yqgvc~o }yeoqo$ cln `l k`v(
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~eg} gnoc ~eo vgm~gh({`hcl2 }eo g} c
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}eo cmmoy~} ~eo `yyqo}}g`l ~ec~ nolgo}
eoq osucdg~w$ qoon`h$ cln ju}~gmo,
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}yoome g} ~eo cm~ ~ec~ Ckecl {`hol
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{`hol gl c }omudcq m`ul~qw, Hq, Kqgl$
cd`lk {g~e `~eoq Fqolme HY}$ ~qoc~ ~eo
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dgh {`hol aw ~eogq c~eoq}$ aq`~eoq}$
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}gvo vgm~gh,
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F D G M B
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-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
13/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 3=
Hgnndo Oc}~0 Eoq qoydw }e`udn l`~ ao
}uqyqg}glk: [o}~oql y`{oq$ gkl`qclmo
cln cqq`kclmo cqo ~eo h`}~ m`l}~qcgl(
glk cm~`q} `l ohglg}~ yq`jom~} gl ~eo
}ol}o ~ec~ {o}~oql n`hglc~g`l yq`j(
om~} `ol qc~g`lcdgzo ~eoh}odvo} `l
~eo ac}g} ` ~eogq mud~uqcd `q `~eoq }uyo(
qg`qg~w, ^eoqo`qo$ aomcu}o ~qcng~g`lcd$
}omudcq ohglg}h g} }` ol~clkdon {g~e
[o}~oql cqq`kclmo cln yoqmoy~g`l} `
}uyoqg`qg~w$ Cqca {`hol ecvo aool
ockoq ~` mqoc~o ~eogq `{l }~qcgl ` ohg(
lg}h: G}dchgm ohglg}h, G}dchgm ohg(
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~c~g`l} aw koloqc~g`l} hol cqo }oyc(
qc~on q`h ~eo ngqom~ ~ocmeglk} ` ~eo
Yq`yeo~, Gl cm~$ cmm`qnglk ~`
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on e`u}glk aomcu}o }eo {c} c }glkdo
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`yyqo}}g`l ` m`qquy~ qokgho} cln ngm(
~c~`q}egy},
YE@^@FQ@H
FDGMBQ
-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
14/22
3> L@VOHAOQ1931
Aw nongmc~glk g~}od ~` yuqkglk ulg(voq}g~go} ` ol~qoyqolouqgcd yq`(kqch}$ l`l({o}~oql mgvgdgzc~g`l }~un(
go}$ cln cdd `qh} ` mqoc~gvo ~eglbglk$
~eo J`el [gddgch Y`yo Mol~oq g} ~cbglk
c aqcvo }~cln ~` qgn egkeoq onumc~g`l `
~eo adc}yeoh`u} dgaoqcd gln`m~qglc~g`l
~ec~ ec} aom`ho }` yoqvc}gvo `l L`q~e
Mcq`dglc} m`ddoko mchyu}o},
Qom`klgzglk ~ec~ ~eo ~quo yc~e ~`cmcnohgm cmegovohol~ dgo} gl hcghgz(
glk om`l`hgm yq`}yoqg~w qc~eoq ~ecl
gl ~qgvgcd ~eglk} dgbo novod`yglk h`qcd
`qmo ` mecqcm~oq$ e`lglk docnoq}egy
}bgdd}$ `q yuq}uglk cmcnohgm omoddolmo$
~eo Y`yo Mol~oq g} ~cbglk c }~cln ~`
}~qochdglo ulgvoq}g~w muqqgmuduh} cln
qo}muo }~unol~} q`h fu cln m`~(
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zol}egy$ y`}~h`noqlg}h$ cln {`hol}}~ungo},
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voq}g~w: ~` yq`vgno c egke(sucdg~w onumc(
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uon cmegovohol~$ Y`yo Mol~oq m`l(
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}me``d }~unol~} m`l}gnoqglk m`ddoko,
]eo uqko} }~unol~} ~` m`l}gnoq ~eogqno}gqon u~uqo
mcqooq cln c}b}
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G m`}~ g} c cm~`q$ }eo {qg~o}$ m`l(
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}glkglk H}, Q`a(
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hclw onoqcd$
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vcducado qo}`uqmo} ~` eody }~unol~}
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H@DDW EQ_NBC
-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
15/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 3?
]`{odd} Me``}glk M`ddoko: C Kugno `q
Ycqol~} cln ]~unol~}$ {egme qgke~dw
ng}hg}}o} ovoqw~eglk omoy~ eg}~`qw$
om`l`hgm}$ `q }mgolmo c} ju}~ c }h`q(
kc}a`qn m`uq}o},
^eo }om`ln qo}`uqmo ~ec~ H}, Q`a(
gl}`l cyyq`vo} g} ^eo Gl~oqm`ddokgc~o
]~ungo} Gl}~g~u~o} Cdd(Choqgmcl M`d(
doko}: ^`y ]me``d} `q M`l}oqvc~gvo}$@dn(Fc}eg`lon Dgaoqcd}$ cln Yo`ydo `
Fcg~e, ^eg} g} c cl~c}~gm qocn ~ec~ ovoqw
}olg`q gl egke }me``d }e`udn ~cbo cn(
vcl~cko `, G~ glmduno} gl`qhc~gvo qo(
vgo{} ` ulgvoq}g~go} ~ec~ mud~gvc~o ~quo
m`l}oqvc~gvo vcduo}, [eoqo od}o m`udn
w`u ln }ume gl}gnoq gl`qhc~g`l dgbo
~ec~ gl Cuauql _lgvoq}g~w} qovgo{, ^eo
}me``d g} gl }`ho {cw} c ~eq`{acmb ~`
cl ocqdgoq Choqgmc: ``~acdd g} bglk$ ~eo
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}~c} ~eo gll`vc~gvo Jcw ]mecdgl$ {e`}oyq`y`}on ydcl ~` mu~ ~eo 1933 _LM Aun(
ko~ {gdd eody ~eo ulgvoq}g~w `l g~} {cw
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ghgzglk hcmeglo,
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~eo hglghuh ~{` m`uq}o} yoq }oho}(
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glk ~` Hq, ]mecdgl$ [egdo ~eoqo hcw ao
}`ho qoc}`l `q ~eg} gl ~eo }mgolmo}
cln ~omelgmcd odn}$ ~eo qo}ocqme n`lo
gl ~eo euhclg~go} cln }`mgcd }mgolmo}
n`o} l`~ {cqqcl~ }ume c dgke~ ~ocmeglk
d`cn,
Gl cnng~g`l ~` odumgnc~glk ~eo kq`}}
glju}~gmo} ` ~ocmeglk d`cn}$ Hq, ]mecdgl
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}g~w lo~{`qb ~ec~ cnnqo}} }ghgdcq g}(
}uo}, F`q ochydo$ Cyycdcmegcl ]~c~o$
[o}~oql Mcq`dglc
cln Oc}~ Mcq`dglc
ocme ecvo mol(
~oq} olm`uqckglk
o l ~ q o y q o l o u q (
}egy$ gll`vc~g`l$cln om`l`hgm
n o v o d ` y h o l ~ ,
^eg} g} ju}~ dung(
mq`u}, L`q~e Mcq`(
dglc n`o}l~ qocddw
loon h`qo ~ecl
`lo ` ~eo}o,
Aomcu}o c aun(
ko~ ydcl {`udn
ao qohg}} {g~e(
`u~ m`hhol~cqw `l yq`o}}`q} ~ocme(glk ho~e`n}$ Hq, ]mecdgl qovocd} ~ec~
_LM }w}~oh yq`o}}`q} mdglk ~` e`(
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~eo ~e`uke~ ` hw megdn aoglk ~cuke~
~eq`uke c vcqgo~w ` ~ocmeglk }~wdo},
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oyqo}}o} ~eo yq`kqo}}gvo `yglg`l ~ec~
yuadgm ulgvoq}g~go} }e`udn }~qgvo ~` ao
y`dg~gmcddw lou~qcd, M`hydo~o lou~qcd(
g~w g} ~eo `ldw {cw ~` olm`uqcko }~u(nol~} ~` `qh cln qo`qh ~eogq `{l
ngvoq}o `yglg`l}, C bow m`hy`lol~ ~`
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odghglc~g`l ` y`dg~gmcddw gl}ygqon yq`(
kqch} cln ol~g~go} dgbo ngvoq}g~w `q
hud~gmud~uqcd `mo}$ {`hol} cln o~e(
lgm }~ungo} mol~oq} cln yq`kqch}$ cln
olvgq`lhol~cd yq`kqch}, ^eg} ~wyo `
yq`kqchhglk g} cq ~`` `yglg`lc~on ~`
ao glmdunon gl c egkeoq onumc~g`l muq(
qgmuduh aomcu}o g~ hgke~ olm`uqcko
~eo `qhc~g`l ` lo{ cln gll`vc~gvo
gnoc},
[g~e ~eo Y`yo Mol~oq} m`l~gluon gl(
yu~ `l ulgvoq}g~w ccgq}$ G ch m`lnol~~ec~ ~eg} }~c~o} egkeoq onumc~g`l }w}(~oh {gdd qohcgl ngvoq}o$ `yglg`lc~on$
cln cmmo}}gado ~` cdd,
[egdo ~eoqo hcw ao
}`ho qoc}`l `q ~eg}
gl ~eo }mgolmo} cln
~omelgmcd odn}$ ~eoqo}ocqme n`lo gl ~eo
euhclg~go} cln }`mgcd
}mgolmo} n`o} l`~ {cq(
qcl~ }ume c dgke~ ~ocme(
glk d`cn,
(Jcw ]mecdgl
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
16/22
36 L@VOHAOQ1931
G ~eo ovclkodgmcd Meqg}~gcl v`~oq
ac}o }ooh} c ag~ `l onko ~eg} wocq$
g~} l`~ {g~e`u~ qoc}`l, [o cdd bl`{
~ec~ ~wygmcd ovclkodgmcd v`~oq: yq`(dgo$
yq`(noc~e yolcd~w$ cl~g(e`h`}oucdg(~w$ cl~g(ov`du~g`l$ cln o}yomgcddw cl~g(
@achc, Au~ ~ec~ dc}~ `lo }e`udnl~
m`ho c} c kqoc~ }uqyqg}o }glmo @achc
ec} dg~~do ~` l` `voqdcy ` `yglg`l}
{g~e }ume v`~oq} c kq`uy ~ec~ m`l(
}g}~ol~dw v`~o} `q ~eo h`}~ m`l}oqvc(
~gvo mclngnc~o
cvcgdcado,
]` {eoqo n`o}
~ec~ docvo ~eoh gl
~eo 1931 odom~g`l0C~oq cdd$ Acqcmb
@achc g} vgo{on
c} og~eoq cl c~eo(
g}~ `q c Hu}dgh %`q
a`~e$ noyolnglk
`l {e` w`u c}b'
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Meqg}~gcl qodgkg`u}
qoon`h gl Choqgmc, Cln Hg~~ Q`h(
low0 [odd Q`hlow g} c qodgkg`u} m`l(
}oqvc~gvo, Cln c qodgkg`u} h`noqc~o,,,cln c qodgkg`u} dgaoqcd$ noyolnglk `l
{eol ~eo suo}~g`l} cqo aoglk c}bon,
Cln eo} cd}` c H`qh`l$ {egme g} nog(
lg~odw l`~ c }om~ ` Meqg}~gclg~w uldo}}
w`u m`l}gnoq g~ c }om~ ` Meqg}~gclg~w, G
kuo}} w`u m`udn }cw ~ec~ Hg~~ g} {e`(
ovoq w`u {cl~ egh ~` ao %ul~gd eo}
}`ho~eglk w`u }yomggmcddw n`l~ {cl~
egh ~` ao',
]` l`{ ~eo ~wygmcd ovclkodgmcd v`~(
oq hu}~ c}b egh}od l`~ {e` {gdd qul
hw m`ul~qw c} c Meqg}~gcl au~ qc~eoq{e` {gdd qul hw m`ul~qw ~eo doc}~ dgbo
c novgd {`q}egyglk eoc~eol0 [odd
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dokcd cmmo}} ~` ca`q~g`l, @achc u}on
~` ao ckcgl}~ kcw hcqqgcko au~ l`{
eo cv`q} g~,
@achc }uyy`q~}
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}ocqme, Q`hlow
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K`n} ydcl, G~}
cl ovclkodgmcd}
lgke~hcqo#
]` g~ d``b}
dgbo ovclkodgmcd
v`~oq} {gdd ju}~
ecvo ~` v`~o `q
~eo mclngnc~o ~ec~ ao}~ oha`ngo} Jo(
}u} aologmol~ ~ocmeglk} ` d`vglk
~ew logkea`q$ ng~meglk yqgno cln hc~o(qgcd no}gqo}$ eodyglk ~eo do}} `q~ulc~o
cln aoqgolnglk ~eo ul~`umecado},
Gl ~`ncw} h`noql {`qdn ~ec~ {`udn
hocl ~qoc~glk ovoqw`lo osucddw$ ydcm(
glk {`q~e gl yo`ydo `voq h`low$ yq`(
vgnglk eocd~e cln `yy`q~ulg~w ~` ~eo
y``q$ cln aoqgolnglk }`mgcd `u~mc}~},
]`uln} kqoc~# Cln g~ cd}` }`uln}
}~qclkodw dgbo Acqcmb @achc, Au~
ovoqw k``n ovclkodgmcd bl`{} l`~ ~`
v`~o `q Acqcmb @achc,
G @achc} y`dgmgo} }`uln dgbo Jo(}u} ~ocmeglk}$ n`o} ~ec~ hocl ~ec~
hcwao$ y`}}gadw$ Jo}u} {c} c yq`kqo}(
}gvo0 N`o} ~ec~ hocl g Jo}u} mcho
acmb cln ol~oqon ~eo 1931 odom~g`l$
eg} h`}~ ~qcng~g`lcd v`~oq ac}o {`udn
}eu~ egh n`{l0
N`o} ~ec~ hcbo Jo}u} ~eo hcl
{g~e`u~ c m`ul~qw gl ~eg} odom~g`l0 C(
~oq cdd$ ~eo ovclkodgmcd} {`udnl~ }uy(
y`q~ egh$ cln ovoqw`lo bl`{} ~ec~
cdd dgaoqcd} cqo k`ndo}}$ Jo}u}(ec~glkc~eog}~} {e` n`l~ aodgovo gl clw ng(
vglo }cvg`q clw{cw %uldo}} {oqo ~cdb(
glk ca`u~ Acqcmb @achc$ ` m`uq}o', G
`ldw ~eoqo {oqo Meqg}~gcl v`~oq} {e`
hcno dgo nomg}g`l} ac}on `l Jo}u}
~ocmeglk}#
[odd$ hume ~` ~eo meckqgl ` clw
eoc~eol dgaoqcd$ ~eow n` og}~ c}
c euko noh`kqcyegm$ g~ ~uql} `u~$
`l a`~e }gno} ` ~eo y`dg~gmcd }yom(
~quh, ]` ~ec~ hocl} ~ec~ locqdwovoqw`lo Jo}u}$ dgaoqcd}$ h`noqc~o
Meqg}~gcl}$ cln ovoqw`lo od}o bl`{}
{e` ~eow {gdd ao v`~glk `q ~eg} L`(
vohaoq, Au~ ~eo ovclkodgmcd g} }~gdd
do~ ao~{ool gl ~eo hgnndo$ {g~e`u~ c
m`ul~qw ` eg} `{l$ c}bglk @achc `q
Q`hlow0
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Jo}u} mcho acmb
cln ol~oqon ~eo
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h`}~ ~qcng~g`lcd
v`~oq ac}o {`udn
}eu~ egh n`{l0
^EO H@NOQL
OVCLKODGMCD
V@^OQMCQOW ECLDGL C Hcl [g~e`u~ C M`ul~qw0
-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
17/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 3;
Q`wcd Nu~me Yo~q`douh
JOLL L@[GMBG
C~ ~eo mol~oq ` Bg`aod v, Q`wcd Nu~meYo~q`douh g} ~eo Cdgol ^`q~ ]~c~u~o%C^]'$ c dc{ yc}}on gl 3;57$ {egme ul~gd
l`{ ec} aool gl~oqyqo~on ~` cdd`{ gl(
~oqlc~g`lcd euhcl qgke~} cau}o mc}o}
~` ao aq`uke~ ao`qo Choqgmcl m`uq~},
^eo mc}o }~oh} q`h c mgvgd }ug~ aq`uke~
aw O}~eoq Bg`aod$ {e`}o eu}acln {c}
bgddon cd`lk {g~e odovol `~eoq} aw ~eo
Lgkoqgcl k`voqlhol~$ yuqy`q~ondw~` suodd yq`~o}~} ckcgl}~ novod`yglk
dcln `q `gd yq`num~g`l yuqy`}o}, ^eo
suo}~g`l muqqol~dw ao`qo ~eo ]uyqoho
M`uq~ g} {eo~eoq _] m`uq~} {gdd m`l(
~gluo ~` ecvo c q`do gl e`dnglk `qogkl
qgke~} cau}oq} cmm`ul~cado `q ~eogq cm(
~g`l}$ cln {eo~eoq ~eo C^] }e`udn ao
muq~cgdon gl }m`yo `q ovol odghglc~on,
Bg`aod g} ycq~gmudcqdw ghy`q~cl~ `q
vgm~gh} ` euhcl qgke~} cau}o}$ c} c
nomg}g`l ckcgl}~ ~eo ydcgl~g} m`udn o(
ohy~ m`qy`qc~g`l} q`h gl~oqlc~g`lcd
dc{ vg`dc~g`l}$ cln ~eogq lclmo} q`h
aoglk u}on `q qo}~g~u~g`l, E`dnglk m`q(
y`qc~g`l} cmm`ul~cado {`udn mqoc~o c
hume dcqkoq y``d ` h`low cvcgdcado
`q m`hyol}c~g`l ~ecl g glngvgnucd}
{oqo ~cqko~on$ cln {`udn hcbo yq`(
~om~glk euhcl qgke~} caq`cn c m`hyod(
dglk gl~oqo}~ ` `qkclgzc~g`l}, Hclw `
~eo chgmu} aqgo} don gl cv`q ` ~eo
Q`wcd Nu~me Yo~q`douh m`hyclw cqo
q`h dcqko m`qy`(
qc~g`l}$ glmdunglk
M`mc(M`dc cln AY
Choqgmc,
^eo dclkucko
` ~eo Cdgol ^`q~]~c~u~o }ooh} ~` ghydw ~ec~ vg`dc~`q}
` gl~oqlc~g`lcd dc{ mcl ao ~qgon cln
aq`uke~ ao`qo c _] m`uq~ aw cdgol},
Au~ _LM dc{ yq`o}}`q Hcqb [og}(
auqn$ cl oyoq~ gl gl~oqlc~g`lcd dc{$
oydcglon ~ec~ no~oqhglglk ~eo gl~ol~
` ~eo mol~uqgo}(`dn dc{ qohcgl} {`o(
uddw ulmdocq,
L`a`nw bl`{}$ eo }cgn, Yo`ydo
cqkuo acmb cln `q~e ca`u~ {ec~ R~eo
C^]X hocl~, G ecvo }yomudc~on ~ec~ ~eo
gnoc {c} ~` hcbo g~ oc}goq `q cdgol} ~`
aqglk ~`q~ }ug~},
F`q 199 wocq}$ ~eo }~c~u~o qohcglon
qodc~gvodw n`qhcl~$ {g~e o{ dc{}ug~}
glv`bglk g~} u}o gl m`uq~$ cln ovol
~eol ~eo }ug~ glv`dvon ~eo _lg~on
]~c~o} gl }`ho {cw, ^ec~ meclkon gl
3759 {g~e Fgdcq~gkc v, Yolc(Gqcdc$ {eol
c Ycqckucwcl lc~g`lcd {c} }uon aw
~{` ~eoq Ycqckucwcl mg~gzol} `q c eu(
hcl qgke~} mqgho ~ec~ ecyyolon `u~(
}gno ` ~eo _lg~on
]~c~o}, ^eo _]
]om`ln M`uq~ `
Cyyocd} nomdcqon
gl ~eo `yolglk
` ~eogq hcj`qg~w`yglg`l: R[Xo e`dn ~ec~ nodgaoqc~o ~`q(
~uqo yoqyo~qc~on ulnoq m`d`q ` `mgcd
cu~e`qg~w vg`dc~o} ulgvoq}cddw cmmoy~on
l`qh} ` ~eo gl~oqlc~g`lcd dc{ ` eu(
hcl qgke~}$ qokcqndo}} ` ~eo lc~g`lcd(
g~w ` ~eo ycq~go},
^eg} nomg}g`l hcno g~ y`}}gado `q `q(
ogkl lc~g`lcd} ~` aqglk c mc}o ~` Choq(
gmcl m`uq~} gl `qnoq ~` cnnqo}} yc}~
euhcl qgke~} cau}o} gl ~eogq e`ho
m`ul~qgo}, Au~ ao~{ool 3759 cln 1933$
~eo gnol~g~w ` ~eo cmmu}on kqcnucddw
meclkon, Glg~gcddw$ ~eo noolncl~} {oqo
`qogkl k`voqlhol~ `mgcd} {e` ecn
m`hhg~~on okqokg`u} euhcl qgke~}
cau}o},
Coq c {egdo$ yo`ydo mcho uy {g~e
~eo gnoc ` cmmu}glk m`qy`qc~g`l} `
[gdd ~eo ]uyqoho M`uq~ m`l~gluo ~` e`dn m`qy`qc~g`l} cmm`ul~cado f`qgl~oqlc~g`lcd euhcl qgke~} cau}o0
Bg`aod v,
^eg} g} c~~qcm~gvo ao(
mcu}o m`qy`qc~g`l}
ecvo h`low,
Euhcl Qgke~}
-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
18/22
35 L@VOHAOQ1931
ecvglk cgnon cln cao~~on$ [og}auqn
}cgn, ^eg} g} c~~qcm~gvo aomcu}o m`qy`(
qc~g`l} ecvo h`low,
^eo Fgdcq~gkc mc}o }o~ ` c {cvo `
dc{}ug~} `q ~eo lo~ ~eqoo nomcno}$
{g~e `qogkl lc~g`lcd} q`u~glodw aqglk(glk }ug~} ckcgl}~ `~eoq cdgol} `q m`qy`(
qc~g`l} `q mqgho}
m`hhg~~on `u~(
}gno ` ~eo _lg~on
]~c~o} a`qnoq},
Euko }uh} {oqo
koloqcddw c{cqnon
~` ~eo ydcgl~g}$
hcbglk ~eo u}o `
~eo Choqgmcl m`uq~
}w}~oh o~qohodw
y`yudcq {g~e y`(
~ol~gcd m`hydcglcl~},
Choqgmcl juqgo} cqo bl`{l ~eq`uke(
`u~ ~eo {`qdn `q ~eo }gzo ` ~eo nch(
cko c{cqn} ~eow kgvo$ [og}auqn }cgn,
Ovol g cl`~eoq m`uq~ {`udn eocq ~eo
mc}o$ w`u hgke~ ko~ c hume dcqkoq
nchcko c{cqn eoqo,
^eo Bg`aod mc}o aokcl gl 377>$ {eol
Lgkoqgcl @k`lg docnoq Nq, Acqgloh
Bg`aod cln odovol `~eoq hol {oqo
no~cglon aw ~eo Lgkoqgcl k`voqlhol~
cln eodn gl hgdg~cqw mu}~`nw `l }yo(mg`u} mecqko}$ glmdunglk huqnoq, ^eow
{oqo ~eol ~qgon
ao`qo c hgdg~cqw
~qgaulcd bl`{l
`q vg`dc~glk gl~oq(
lc~g`lcd cgq ~qgcd
}~clncqn}$ {egme
{c} yq`~o}~on aw
vcqg`u} euhcl
qgke~} `qkclgzc(
~g`l} `q dcmb `
nuo yq`mo}} cln
~eo `voqcdd a`ku} lc~uqo ` ~eo `qgkg(
lcd mecqko}, Ju}~ ~ol ncw} dc~oq$ ~eo
~{odvo hol {oqo `uln kugd~w cln gh(
hongc~odw oomu~on,
O}~eoq Bg`aod$ cd`lk {g~e ~eo chg(
dgo} ` ~eo `~eoq hol {e` {oqo bgddon$
ecvo cmmu}on ~eo Lgkoqgcl k`voql(
hol~ ` yuq}uglk }yuqg`u} mecqko}
ckcgl}~ ~eo hol nuo ~` ~eogq ycq~gmgyc(
~g`l gl yq`~o}~} ckcgl}~ ~eo ydcllon
novod`yhol~ ` d`mcd dcln `q `gd cl
o~qohodw dumqc~gvo yq`}yom~ `q ~eok`voqlhol~, ^eow cd}` glngm~on Q`wcd
Nu~me Yo~q`douh$ ~eo m`hyclw ~ec~
~eo k`voqlhol~ m`l~qcm~on `q ~eo `gd
yq`num~g`l$ ` m`l}ygqglk ckcgl}~ ~eo
yq`~o}~oq} ~` ~eo y`gl~ ` aqgaglk {g~(
lo}}o} c~ ~eo hol} ~qgcd} ~` ~o}~gw gl
~eo k`voqlhol~} cv`q,
^eo mc}o {c} `qgkglcddw don gl 1991$
cln hcno g~} {cw ~eq`uke ~eo Choqg(
mcl m`uq~ }w}~oh `q lglo wocq}$ mudhg(
lc~glk gl c nomg}g`l aw ~eo 1ln Mgqmug~
M`uq~ ` Cyyocd} gl 1939 ~ec~ m`qy`qc(
~g`l} m`udn l`~ ao eodn dgcado `q eu(
hcl qgke~} cau}o mc}o} ulnoq ~eo C^],
^eo Bg`aod ydcgl~g} cyyocdon$ cln ~eo
]uyqoho M`uq~ ckqoon ~` eocq cqku(
hol~} gl @m~`aoq 1933,
^eo suo}~g`l }ooh} }gddw ~` cl
Choqgmcl juqgo} cqo
bl`{l ~eq`uke`u~
~eo {`qdn `q ~eo
}gzo ` ~eo nchcko
c{cqn} ~eow kgvo,
(Hcqb [og}auqn
-
7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
19/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 37
Choqgmcl aomcu}o {oqo u}on ~` ~eglb(
glk ~ec~ m`qy`qc~g`l} ecvo ~eo }cho
qgke~} cln dgcagdg~go} ~ec~ yo`ydo n`$
[og}auqn }cgn, Au~ ~eo `ldw ecd{cw
clcd`k`u} mc}o}
cqo ~eo Luqoh(
aoqk ~qgcd}$ cln g~
{c} yqo~~w {odd
cmmoy~on ~ec~ m`q(y`qc~g`l} Rhclu(
cm~uqoq} ` Zwb(
d`l AX m`udn l`~
ao mqghglcddw dgc(
ado c~ Luqohaoqk2
~eow {ol~ coq
~eo glngvgnucd} `q
nchcko},
_l~gd ~eo Bg`(
aod mc}o$ ~eo ]u(
yqoho M`uq~} `ldw nomg}g`l qokcqnglk~eo Cdgol ^`q~ ]~c~u~o `mmuqqon gl ~eo
]`}c v, Cdvcqoz(Hcmecgl %199>' mc}o$
{egme glv`dvon c Hogmcl lc~g`lcd
{e` }uon ~eo _] `q cl uldc{ud cq(
qo}~ {egdo eo {c} gl Hogm`, ^eo m`uq~
qojom~on eg} mdcgh$ }cwglk ~ec~ ]`}c
ngn l`~ hoo~ ~eo }~clncqn ` euhcl
qgke~} cau}o ulnoq ~eo C^], ^eo m`uq~
dghg~on ~eo }m`yo ` mc}o} ~ec~ m`udn
yq`moon$ c}}oq~glk ~ec~ ~`q~} ecn ~` ao
}yomgm$ ulgvoq}cd$ cln adgkc~`qw$ g,o,ecvo yqcm~gmcd m`l}osuolmo} `q ~eo
ydcgl~g}, ^e`uke ]`}c ngn l`~ ecvo
~eo hoqg~} ` c euhcl qgke~} vg`dc~g`l
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kcqnglk ~eo dgcagdg~w ` m`qy`qc~g`l},
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`q c mqgho m`hhg~(
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~qw,
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
20/22
19 L@VOHAOQ1931
Oyong~g`l == mqo{ hohaoq} {cvo fcqo{odd l ~eogq noycq~uqo ~` ~eo Gl~oqlc~g`lcd ]ycmo ]~c~g`l,
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Yqo}gnol~ Acqcmb @achc `l ~eoh ~`
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~eo hgn}~ ` cdd ~eg} ng}mu}}g`l$ e`{(
ovoq$ `lo g}}uo m`l~glu`u}dw o}mcyo}
~eo hongc} c~~ol~g`l: }ycmo y`dgmw,
Gl ~eo _lg~on ]~c~o}$ }ycmo oyd`(
qc~g`l cln qo}ocqme ec} aool dcqkodw
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eoq`gm Cy`dd` hg}}g`l} ~` ~eo h``l$
cln qomol~ yq`jom~} dgbo ~eo Jcho}
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FOC^_QGLK MECQDGO ECQQG]
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gl ~eo 1931 Odom~g`l
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
21/22
L@VOHAOQ1931 13
~gm cln ~omel`d`kgmcd au~ cd}` y`dg~g(
mcd cln om`l`hgm a}~cmdo},
F`q hclw$ ~eo vg}g`l dcgn `u~ `q
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gnol~gcd mclngnc~o} g} vckuo cln ul(
udddglk, ^` }oo `q w`uq}od$ vg}g~ ocme
mclngnc~o} {oa}g~o cln meomb `u~ ~eo
h`qo g}}uo} ~ca}, ^ec~ {`l~ ko~ w`u
clw{eoqo, W udd ecvo ~` u}o ~eo }ocqme
~``d ~` ln c n`muhol~ no~cgdglk ocme
mclngnc~o} ghcko _,], }ycmo o`q~},
^eo @achc Agnol mchycgkl qofom~(
on `l @achc} }ycmo y`dgmgo} ` ~eo
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]oy~ohaoq 1931, ^eo Q`hlow Qwcl
mchycgkl qo}y`lnon {g~e cl ogke~
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log~eoq n`muhol~ cm~ucddw }eon} hume
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qocme `q cq~eoq no}~glc~g`l} dgbo Hcq}
cln c}~oq`gn},
^eo @achc ycyoq ~`u~} ~eo }ummo}}
glvo}~hol~ gl m`hyclgo} dgbo ]ycmoU
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y`}o} hcbglk ~eo ]ycmo Dculme ]w}(
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~g`l} mcyg~cd g} }~gdd }ooglk qgyydo
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LC]C Cu~e`qgzc(
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`u~ `q }`ho eocvw ng}mu}}g`l lo~
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ygqc~g`l,
YE@^@FQ@H
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,,,`lo g}}uo m`l~glu(
`u}dw o}mcyo} ~eo
hongc} c~~ol~g`l:
}ycmo y`dgmw,
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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue
22/22
Yuadg}eon {g~e }uyy`q~ fq`h:
Mchyu} Yq`kqo}}$ c ngvg}g`l `f ~eo Mol~oq f`q Choqgmcl Yq`kqo}},
Mchyu} Yq`kqo}} {`qb} ~` eody w`ulk yo`ydo cnv`mc~o}$ cm~gvg}~}$
j`uqlcdg}~}$ cq~g}~} hcbo ~eogq v gmo} eocqn `l g}}uo} ~ec~ hc~~oq,
Docql h`qo c~ Mchyu}Yq`kqo}},`qk
Cd}` ycgn f`q gl ycq~ aw }~unol~ foo},
Mchyu} AduoYqgl~ g} c l`l(ycq~g}cl }~unol~ yuadgmc~g`l ~ec~ cgh} ~` yq`vgno c `quh `q `yol
ngcd`kuo `l yq`kqo}}gvo gnocd} c~ _LM(Mecyod Egdd cln gl ~eo kqoc~oq m`hhulg~w,