fall review part a key

8/14/2019 Fall Review Part a Key

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Fall final reviewAnswer Section

COMPLETION

1. ANS: seconds2. ANS: distance3. ANS: speed4. ANS: independent5. ANS: instantaneous6. ANS: acceleration7. ANS:

kilogramkg

8. ANS: unit9. ANS: controlled experiment

10. ANS: scientific method11. ANS: line graph12. ANS: technology13. ANS: chemistry14. ANS: physical science15. ANS: responding variable16. ANS: scientific law17. ANS:

scientific theorytheory

18. ANS:scientific modelmodel

19. ANS:safety rulessafety procedures

20. ANS:scientific modelmodel

21. ANS: 3.0 10 7

22. ANS: 1423. ANS: Accuracy

24. ANS: 29325. ANS: direct proportion26. ANS: significant figures27. ANS:

distancelength

28. ANS: vectors29. ANS: meters per second


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30. ANS: average speed31. ANS: direction32. ANS: direction33. ANS: vector addition34. ANS:

speedvelocity

35. ANS: positive36. ANS: work 37. ANS: output, input38. ANS: efficiency39. ANS: distance40. ANS: power 41. ANS: energy42. ANS: force43. ANS: weight

44. ANS: net force45. ANS:

balanced forces balanced

46. ANS: friction47. ANS:

greater larger

48. ANS:air resistancedrag

49. ANS: zero50. ANS: air resistance51. ANS: projectile52. ANS: inertia53. ANS: inertia, forward54. ANS: force, mass55. ANS: weight56. ANS: bowling57. ANS: wall58. ANS: equals59. ANS: two60. ANS: gravity61. ANS: direction62. ANS: move63. ANS: work 64. ANS: joule65. ANS: motion66. ANS: power 67. ANS: watt68. ANS: power


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69. ANS: force70. ANS: machine71. ANS: input72. ANS: increase73. ANS: mechanical advantage

74. ANS: less75. ANS: screw76. ANS: first77. ANS: second78. ANS: less79. ANS: decreases80. ANS: compound81. ANS: lever 82. ANS: work 83. ANS: joule84. ANS: mass

85. ANS: speed86. ANS: potential87. ANS: elastic88. ANS: PE = mgh89. ANS: chemical90. ANS: mechanical91. ANS: potential92. ANS:

kineticmechanical

93. ANS: conversion94. ANS: conservation of energy95. ANS: 0 joules96. ANS: E97. ANS: light98. ANS: nonrenewable99. ANS: kelvins, degrees Celsius

100. ANS: temperature101. ANS: greater 102. ANS: from, to103. ANS:

equalthe same

104. ANS: conduction105. ANS: conductor

MATCHING

106. ANS: B107. ANS: C


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108. ANS: D109. ANS: A110. ANS: A

111. ANS: E112. ANS: C113. ANS: A114. ANS: D115. ANS: B

116. ANS: C117. ANS: B118. ANS: E119. ANS: A120. ANS: F

121. ANS: D

122. ANS: E123. ANS: C124. ANS: F125. ANS: B

126. ANS: D127. ANS: B128. ANS: F129. ANS: A130. ANS: C

131. ANS: D132. ANS: A133. ANS: E134. ANS: B135. ANS: F

SHORT ANSWER

136. ANS:You would not use any fertilizer in your control set-up, but you have to use it in theexperimental set-up, because you are trying to determine how the fertilizer affects the

growth of tomato plants. The fertilizer is the experimental variable.137. ANS:

The passengers will remain at rest relative to the train car, and since the train is rapidlyaccelerating, they will feel as if they are being pushed into the backs of their seats.

Newton's first law applies to this situation, because the passengers at rest remain at rest.138. ANS:


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The horseshoe would weigh less. Weight is a measure of the pulling force of gravity, andsince the gravity exerted by the moon on the horseshoe is less (by 1/6th) than the gravityexerted by the Earth on the horseshoe, the horseshoe would actually weigh less on themoon.

139. ANS:

The mass of the horseshoe would be the same. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and the amount of matter in the horseshoe does not change when it is takenfrom one place to another.

140. ANS:Always follow your teachers instructions and textbook directions exactly.

141. ANS:to communicate with other scientists about the results of their investigations

142. ANS:a process in which scientists examine other scientists work

143. ANS:Earth and space science, life science, and physical science

144. ANS:a proposed answer to a question

145. ANS:a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or results

146. ANS:to help understand things that are too difficult to observe directly

147. ANS:larger

148. ANS:three

149. ANS:32 F, 0 C, and 273 K

150. ANS:Science is a system of knowledge, while technology is the practical application of that knowledgeto the solving of problems.

151. ANS:a bar graph

152. ANS:an inverse proportion

153. ANS:life science and Earth and space science

154. ANS:The universe is very old (about 13.7 billion years old) and very large (7.0 10 26 meters indiameter).

155. ANS: Answers may vary . Correct answers include:first class: seesaw, pliers, scissors, can opener (punches hole in can top)second class: door, wheel barrow, book cover, bottle cap remover third class: arms or legs of the human body, fishing pole, hammer to pound nails, baseball

bat156. ANS:


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work = force distancework = 50 newtons 5 meterswork = 250 newton-meters or 250 joules

157. ANS:a. joule (also newton-meter or watt-sec)

b. joule (or newton-meter)c. newtond. watt

158. ANS:a. The same

b. The same159. ANS:

Answers may vary . Correct answers include:a. heat from the sun

b. electrical from a generator c. chemical from a battery

d. nuclear from splitting atoms at a power plante. light from a fluorescent bulb

160. ANS:The swimmer that swims faster develops more power only if both swimmers do the same amountof work.

161. ANS:Heat flows spontaneously from hot objects to cold objects.

162. ANS:Frequency and period are inversely related.

163. ANS:A and C

164. ANS:0.5 seconds165. ANS:

30 centimeters166. ANS:

velocity = frequency wavelengthor velocity = wavelength period

167. ANS: b

168. ANS:

destructive interferenceor They cancel each other out.

PROBLEM

169. ANS:


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You would be more likely to win the race at a speed of 6 miles per hour, because it is afaster speed than 8 kilometers per hour.1 kilometer = 0.62 mile10 kilometers = 6.2 milesIf you ran at 6.2 miles per hour, it would take about one hour to complete 10 km. If you

ran at 8 kilometers per hour, you would have run only 8 kilometers after one hour, andwould still have 2 kilometers to go before reaching the finish line.170. ANS:

speed = distance timespeed = 13. kilometers 2.0 hoursspeed = 6.5 km/h

171. ANS:4.00 minutes = 4.00 minutes 60.0 seconds4.00 minutes = 240. secondsspeed = distance timespeed = 1500. meters 240. secondsspeed = 6.25 m/sec

172. ANS:speed = distance timespeed = 60 meters 0.8 secondsspeed = 75 meters per second

173. ANS:total distance = (first speed 3 hours) + (second speed 1 hour)total distance = (10 miles per hour 3 hours) + (20 miles per hour 1 hour)total distance = 30 miles + 20 miles = 50 milestotal time = five hour period = 5 hours

average speed = total distance total timeaverage speed = 50 miles 5 hoursaverage speed = 10 miles per hour

174. ANS:weight in newtons = weight in pounds 0.228 pounds per newtonweight in newtons = 5.00 pounds 0.228 pounds per newtonweight in newtons = 21.9 newtons

175. ANS:weight in newtons = mass acceleration of gravityweight in newtons = 5.0 kilograms 9.8 m/sec 2

weight in newtons = 49 newtons176. ANS:

force required = weight of object number of supporting ropesforce required = 250 newtons 5 ropesforce required = 50 newtons

177. ANS:input arm length input force = output arm length output force(input arm length input force) output force = output arm length


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(6.0 feet 125 pounds) 500 pounds = output arm lengthoutput arm length = 1.5 feet

178. ANS:a. work input = force distance

work input = 250 newtons 50 meters

work input = 12,500 joules b. work output = force distance

work output = 2,400 newtons 4 meterswork output = 9,600 joules

c. efficiency = work output work input 100%efficiency = (9,600 joules 12,500 joules) 100%efficiency = 77%

179. ANS:Judy does more work. She does 2,400 joules of work.work = force distance

work = 600 N 4.00 mwork = 2,400 JJennifer does only 1,800 joules of work work = force distancework = 450 N 4.00 mwork = 1800 J

The girls generate the same amount of power: power = work timeFor Judy,

power = 2,400 J 4.0 sec power = 600 wattsFor Jennifer,

power = 1,800 J 3.0 sec power = 600 watts

180. ANS:Dad is wrong! It is sixteen times as dangerous. Increasing speed from 20 to 80 mph(quadrupling the speed) increases the kinetic energy by 16 times . E k = 1/2mv 2

181. ANS:

182. ANS:


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183. ANS:

184. ANS:

185. ANS:

186. ANS:

187. ANS:

188. ANS:= 10 J

decreased by 10 J189. ANS:

190. ANS:velocity = wavelength periodvelocity = 2.0 m 5 secvelocity = 0.4 m/sec

ESSAY

191. ANS:The steel ball started out slowly. Then it continued to speed up throughout the experiment.

192. ANS:


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A scientific law is a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature, without attempting toexplain it. A scientific theory explains the pattern.

193. ANS:Possible answers: The universe is very large and very old. A small amount of the universe ismatter. Matter on Earth usually is either a solid, liquid, or gas. All matter is made of atoms.Forces cause changes in motion. Energy can be transferred from one form or object to another,

but it can never be destroyed.194. ANS:

Possible answer: 1) make observations, 2) ask questions, 3) develop a hypothesis, 4) test thehypothesis, 5) analyze data, 6) draw conclusions, 7) revise hypothesis.

195. ANS:In peer reviews, scientists review and question other scientists data. Scientists also helpdetermine if the data is accurately reported. If the review finds errors in the data, in theconclusions, or in the experimental procedures, the hypothesis may need to be revised.

196. ANS:

a. Reflection occurs as a wave meets a boundary and bounces off, traveling in a new

direction. b. Refraction occurs as a wave passes through a boundary. It may change wave direction.c. Diffraction occurs when a wave travels around an obstacle or through an opening in a

boundary. Wave direction is usually changed.d. Absorption occurs as the amplitude of the wave decreases when the wave passes into

and through a material.

OTHER

197. ANS:The length of the object is 2.60 cm. (Note: The centimeter scale is marked off in

millimeters, so you can read to the nearest 0.5 mm, or 0.05 centimeter.)198. ANS:

A = inverse, B = strong, C = none, D = weak 199. ANS:

a. NO b. YESc. YESd. YESe. NO

200. ANS:The line should be drawn horizontally at a speed of 6.0 meters/second

201. ANS:a. 3rd

b. 1stc. 3rdd. 2nde. 1st

202. ANS:8.8 g/cm 3


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203. ANS:mass

204. ANS:a direct proportion

205. ANS:the density of the fluid

206. ANS:g/cm 3

207. ANS:monthly precipitation in centimeters

208. ANS:December

209. ANS:The precipitation data might provide insight into agriculture growth trends.

210. ANS:approximately 165 cm

211. ANS:

about 18 cm, which equals 0.18 meters212. ANS:

Graph A shows periods of constant speed (08 s, 812 s, 1220 s).213. ANS:

The object moves at constant speed for 8 seconds, is at rest for the next 4 seconds, and thenmoves at constant speed for the next 8 seconds.

214. ANS:Graph B shows acceleration. The upward slope of the line indicates that an increasing distance iscovered each second.

215. ANS:The object moved a distance of 300 m in 8 s. The objects average speed is 37.5 m/s.

216. ANS:Graph A; the slope is steeper.

217. ANS:a. fulcrum at the wheel, output force at the load, input force at the handle

b. second classc. the load/output force is located between the fulcrum and input force

218. ANS:0 kg m/s

219. ANS:The momentums of both skaters are equal in size but opposite in direction.

220. ANS:

The push on Skater B by Skater A accelerates Skater B forward.221. ANS:According to Newtons third law of motion, as Skater A pushes on Skater B, an equal andopposite force pushes back on Skater A. The unbalanced force causes Skater B to accelerate

backward.222. ANS:

No; Skater A is exerting the same force on Skater B as before and so Skater B is exerting thesame force on Skater A as before. The result is that Skaters A motion will be the same.

223. ANS:


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Ideal mechanical advantage = 3

224. ANS:The ramps AMA would increase.

225. ANS:

Its efficiency would increase; friction would decrease.226. ANS:

an inclined plane227. ANS:

It is less.228. ANS:

1.0 m229. ANS:

wheel and axle230. ANS:

C231. ANS:

The gravitational potential energy of the ball is the same at both locations; the height is the same.232. ANS:

No; since the ball is always moving to the right between locations A and F, at every point betweenA and F, the ball has kinetic energy. Because the ball has kinetic energy at each point, it has somemechanical energy at each point.

fall review part a key

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