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Syllogisms that violate this rule are said to commit the fallacy of the particular premises:

Rule: No syllogism with a particular conclusion can have two universal premises.

Example:

All people who write about flowers are inhabited by fairies.

All poets are people that write about flowers

Therefore, some poets are inhabited by fairies.

PHILO-1

Assignmentin

Philosophy & Logic(Fallacy of particular premises)

Prepared by:Laarnie Grace Diwa

II-BEEDMary Grace V. Mancao

III-BSHM

Submitted to:Rusty Francis Genton

October 8,2012

(Note: Neither UNIVERSAL premise of this AAI-1 syllogism establishes the existence of a single, individual poet, the MINOR term. Yet the conclusion asserts that "There exists at least one poet, such that, this poet is inhabited by ferries". Hence, this syllogism commits the EXISTENTIAL FALLACY.)

Although it is possible to identify additional features shared by all valid categorical syllogisms (none of them, for example, have two particular premises), these six rules are individually NECESSARY and jointly SUFFICIENT to distinguish between all valid and invalid syllogisms in the complete set of 256 permutations and combinations of MOOD and FIGURE for standard form categorical syllogisms.

From two particular premises, nothing follows.

Example:

Some men are old;Some old people are womenSome women are men.

Some cows are animals;Some dogs are not cowsSome dogs are not animals.

Some delegates are not foreignersSome Americans are delegatesSome Americans are not foreigners.

Fallacy of Particular Premises

The conclusion follows the weaker premise.

All roses are flowersSome roses are fragrantAll fragrant things are flowers

All rebels are deviantsSome students are not deviantsSome students are rebels

Fallacy of Universal Conclusion drawn from a Particular Premise

Fallacy of Affirmative Conclusion drawn from a Negative Premise.

Rule: If both premises are universal, the conclusion cannot be particular.

Fallacy: Existential fallacy

Example:

All mammals are animalsAll tigers are mammalsSome tigers are animals

Justification: On the Boolean model, Universal statements make no claims about existence while particular ones do. Thus, if the syllogism has universal premises, they necessarily say nothing about existence. Yet if the conclusion is particular, then it does say something about existence. In which case, the conclusion contains more information than the premises do, thereby making it invalid.

The quantity of propositions

Rule: at least one premise must be universal.

Example: Every animal is mortal;

But every dog is an animal;

Therefore every dog is mortal.

Rule: If the premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular.