family health
DESCRIPTION
public healthTRANSCRIPT
Definitions Of FamilyAccording to Robert Francis Winch,
family is defined at three levels:• nuclear• extended • general.
Nuclear family
‘’ a family consisting of a married couples and their children;
the children can be born or adopted’’.
Extended family
‘’ a nuclear family plus collateral kinship.’’
Ex. father, grand father, mother collateral indicates relationships such as uncles, aunts, nieces, nephews etc.
“Family health is more than the sum of the personal health of Individuals.
Family should be distinguished as:
We can consider health as a quality of life that is a function
of at least social, mental, emotional, spiritual and physical
health.
Worldwide, it is estimated that 529,000 women die
yearly from complications of pregnancy and childbirth—
about one woman every minute.
Some 99 percent of these deaths occur in developing countries,
where a woman's lifetime risk of dying from pregnancy-related
complications is 45 times higher than that of her
counterparts in developed countries.
60–80% of maternal deaths are due to:• obstetric hemorrhage• obstructed labor• obstetric sepsis • hypertensive disorders of pregnancy• complications of unsafe abortion.
An Inter Agency Group (IAG) for Safe Motherhood, which joined by UNICEF, UNDP, IPPF, and the
Population Council have programs to reduce maternal mortality and
morbidity
Programs to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity, which
include:• Providing family planning services. • Providing post abortion care. • Promoting antenatal care. • Ensuring skilled assistance during
childbirth • Improving essential obstetric care
Essential Services for Safe Motherhood
Safe motherhood can be achieved by providing high quality maternal health services to all women.
These services for safe motherhood should
be readily available to clinics and hospitals
through all kind of communication
Essential Services include
1. Community education on safe motherhood
2. Prenatal care and counseling, including the promotion of maternal nutrition
3. Skilled assistance during childbirth 4. Care for obstetric complications,
including emergencies
5. Postpartum care 6. Post-abortion care and, where abortion
is not against the law, safe services for the termination of pregnancy
7. Family planning counseling, information and services
8.Reproductive health education and services for
adolescents
Causes of Maternal Mortality and Morbidity
Medical Factors ♦ Anaemia of pregnancy ♦ Obstructed labour
♦Infections ♦Hypertension
Health delivery system factors ♦ Inadequate action taken by
health personnel ♦ Lack of essential supply and
trained staff. ♦ Lack of access to health
services ♦ Low coverage of immunization
and ♦ Inadequate health care facility
Reproductive factors ♦ Pregnancy in age under 19 and greater
than 35 years ♦ Four or more pregnancies ♦ Practice of early marriage
♦High fertility ♦HIV/AIDS
♦ Unwanted pregnancy e.g. unsafe or induced abortion
Socio-economic factors♦Poverty, ♦Malnutrition,
♦ Low level of female education ♦ Law status of women ♦ Practices of early marriage ♦ Poor environmental sanitation and
personal hygiene,
Harmful traditional practices
♦ Practices of early marriage ♦ Inappropriate timing of pregnancy ♦ Short pregnancy interval (less
than two years) ♦ Female Genital Mutilation