family wellness dra mek 1-12
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Marikka Villafuerte-Solana, MD
San Beda College of Medicine
FCH1
Jan. 14, 2010
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Definitions of Health"Health is a state of
complete physical, mental,and social well-being and
not merely the absence of
disease"(WHO, 1947, p. 1)
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GOOD HEALTH MEANSPreventing premature death
Preventing disabilityPromoting an environment that
supports life
Cultivating community andfamily support
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GOOD HEALTH MEANSEnhancing individuals ability to
respond and to take action
Assuring that all people achieve andmaintain a maximum level offunctioning
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Definition of Wellness an active process by which an individual
progresses towards maximum potentialpossible, regardless of current state ofhealth
five dimensions of wellness:
Physical
Sociocultural/environmental
Emotional Intellectual
Spiritual
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FAMILY WELLNESS
Family wellness is a biggerpicture than personal wellness.And while it includes the sameindividual wellness factors foreach member of your family, italso includes the wellness factors
of the family as a group.
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FAMILY WELLNESS
Each family is, in manyways, its own living,breathing ecosystem with all partsdependent on the well
being of the others.Family well being
depends on the qualityof the communication
and time sharedbetween everyone inthe family.
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The positivenessof health does not
lie in the state , butin the struggle--
the effort to reach agoal
Gordon I . 1958
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NEUTRAL POINT(No discernible illness or wellness)
DISABILITYSYMPTOMS SIGNS
TREATMENT MODEL
AWARENESSEDUCATION GROWTH
WELLNESS MODEL
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Cornerstone of health and wellness
Taking control of ones lifestyle andhealth behaviors so that lifestyle is
the result of choice and not the resultof chance and ignorance
Conscious, willful, internally directed
behavior that promotes health and
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Physician recommendations
have been demonstrated tosignificantly improve
patients efforts to changebehaviors. Rippe J et al., Lifestyl;e Medicine,1999
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THE WELLNESS GUIDETOPREVENTIVE CARE
Screening tests for earlydetection of disease
Education/Counseling abouthealthy habits and injury
preventionImmunizations
Chemoprophylaxis
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THE WELLNESS GUIDE TOPREVENTIVE CARE
Education/Counselingabout healthy habitsand injury prevention
Screening tests for
early detection ofdisease
Immunizations
Chemoprophylaxis
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LIFESTYLEDIET (fat, fiber, salt, caffeine, water )
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
TOBACCO (active, passive)
ALCOHOL (# of drinks)
Stress Coping and MENTAL HEALTH
SLEEP
SEXUAL ACTIVITIES
PERSONAL HYGIENE
SKIN CARE
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HOW BEHAVIORINFLUENCE HEALTH..
Peoples lifestyle include many behaviorsthat are risk factors for illness and injury
Health protective behavior Any behavior performed by a person , regardless of his/her
perceived health status in order to protect, promote ormaintain health whether or not such behavior is in facteffective or not (Harris and Guten, 1979)
Health seeking behavior Any behavior by which the person utilizes the available health
resources
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THEORETICAL
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THEORETICALCONSTRUCTS
CONSUMER INFORMATION
SOCIAL LEARNING
HEALTH BELIEFS MODEL
TRANS - THEORETICAL MODEL
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CONSUMER
INFORMATIONAPPROPRIATE INFORMATION FOR
RATIONAL DECISION MAKINGHAS AN IMPORTANT INFLUENCE
ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR
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SOCIAL LEARNING
THEORYBEHAVIOR CAN BE LEARNED AND
THEREFORE UNLEARNED OR
ALTERED.
THIS MAY BE DONE THROUGHACHIEVEMENT OF SMALL GOALS,MONITORING OF PROGRESS AND
SELF REWARD.
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HEALTH BELIEFS
MODELSATTITUDES AND BELIEFS ARE BEHIND WHATMOTIVATES PATIENTS TO CHANGE
Perceived seriousness
Perceived susceptibility
Cues to action
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TRANS-THEORETICAL
MODELCHANGE IS A DYNAMIC
CONCEPT.CHANGING BEHAVIOR GOES
THROUGH STAGES
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PRE-CONTEMPLATION
NOT INTENDING TO TAKE
ACTION WITHIN THE NEXTSIX MONTHS
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PREPARATIONINTENDING TO TAKE ACTION INTHE IMMEDIATE FUTURE
[USUALLY MEASURED AS
THE NEXT MONTH ]
HAVE A CONCRETE PLAN ON HOWTO CHANGE
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ACTIONHAVE MADE SPECIFIC OVERT
MODIFICATIONS TOBEHAVIOR WITHIN THE LAST6 MONTHS
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MAINTENANCEWORKING TO PREVENT RELAPSEINCREASING CONFIDENCE IN
CAPABILITY
LASTS 6 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS
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TERMINATIONZERO TEMPTATION TO RELAPSE
AND100 % CONFIDENCE IN ABILITY TO
MAINTAIN NEW BEHAVIOR
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3
2NDARY
PRIMARY
SELF-CARE
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Primary
preventionIdentification of risk factors
Prevention of onset of disease
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Secondary prevention
Early detection of disease to preventprogression
screening
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Tertiary prevention
Prevention of complications
Adequate treatment of existing
diseaseReturn to function despite disability
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Natural Course of Disease
Asymptomatic
Normal physiology
Cellular
damage
Signs and
symptoms
NEUTRAL
POINTCLINICAL
ONSET
BIOLOGIC
ONSET
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LIFESTYLEDIET (fat, fiber, salt, caffeine, water )
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
TOBACCO (active, passive)
ALCOHOL (# of drinks)
Stress Coping and MENTAL HEALTH
SLEEP
CAFFEINE INTAKE
SEXUAL ACTIVITIES
PERSONAL HYGIENE & SKIN CARE
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Caffeine contained in two cups of
coffee may raise the BP by 5 mmHg in infrequent users. Inhabitual users, caffeine hasminor effect on the bloodpressure.
Ruhl et al, 2000
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Drinking more than five cups of coffee perday was more common among patientswith subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage(85%) than controls (59%) (p = 0.004).
Isaksen, 2002
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At least 8 hours of sleep per daypoor sleep with initiation
difficulties is an independentrisk factor for cardiac events
among menreduced stage 3-4 sleep
predicted poorer overall health
Poorer quality of life was
predicted by reduced deep sleepEdell-Gustafson, 2002
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Promoting Sleep HygieneUse the bedroom only for sleeping or
having sex. Don't eat, talk on the phoneor watch TV while you're in bed
Make sure the bedroom is quiet and dark.If noise is a problem, use a fan to maskthe noise or use earplugs. If you mustsleep during the day, hang dark blindsover the windows or wear an eye mask
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Promoting Sleep HygieneIf you're still awake after trying to
fall asleep for 30 minutes, get up and
go to another room. Sit quietly forabout 20 minutes before going backto bed. Do this as many times as youneed to until you can fall asleep.
Avoid alcohol. Even if alcohol makesyou drowsy, it interrupts your body'ssleep rhythms and can cause sleep
disturbances
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Promoting Sleep HygieneAvoid caffeine. Consuming anything
with caffeine less than six hours
before bedtime can interfere with agood night's sleep
Avoid eating a big meal too close tobedtime
Maintain a comfortable
room temperature
Keep worries at bay
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Men's Health Check-upListCholesterol checks: every 5 years, starting
at age 35. If smoking, have diabetes or ifheart disease runs in the family, start
having cholesterol check at age 20Blood Pressure: every 2 years. Some racial
and ethnic groups have a higher risk andshould discuss the issue with their HCP.
Colorectal Cancer Tests: Begin regularscreening for colorectal cancer starting atage 50. Yearly Fecalysis w/ occultblood(>50), Colonoscopy (>60)
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Men's Health Check-upListDiabetes Tests: (+) high blood pressure or
high cholesterolDepression: feeling "down," sad, or
hopeless, and have little interest or
pleasure in doing things for 2 weeksstraight
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesProstate Cancer Screening: Talk to a doctor
about the possible benefits and harms ofprostate cancer screening if you areconsidering having a prostate-specificantigen (PSA) test or digital rectalexamination (DRE)
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Women's Health Check-upListMammograms: every 1 to 2 years starting at
age 40. optional 40-49, yearly 50-75Pap Smears: Have a Pap smear every 1 to 3
years if you have been sexually active or areolder than 21. Maximum interval every 3 yrs
after 3 consecutive normal exams, yearlyuntil 75, >75 optional
Cholesterol checks: Have your cholesterolchecked at least every 5 years, starting at
age 35. If smoking, have diabetes, or if heartdisease runs in the family, start havingcholesterol check at age 20.
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Women's Health Check-upListBlood Pressure: checked at least
every 2 years or more often. Some
racial and ethnic groups have a
higher risk and should discuss theissue with their HCP
Colorectal Cancer Tests: Begin regular
screening for colorectal cancerstarting at age 50
Diabetes Tests: if (+)high blood
pressure or high cholesterol
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Women's Health Check-upListDepression:feeling "down," sad, or
hopeless, and have little interest or
pleasure in doing things for 2 weeksstraight
Osteoporosis Tests: bone density test at
age 65 to screen for osteoporosis. If
between the ages of 60 and 64 and weigh154 lbs. or less, talk to HCP
Chlamydia Tests and Tests for Other
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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Screening tests forearly detection ofdisease
Education/Counselingabout healthy habits
and injury prevention Immunizations
Chemoprophylaxis
THE WELLNESS GUIDETOPREVENTIVE CARE
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H. Influenza vaccine every yearstarting at age 50
Tetanus-diphtheria, 3-dose-seriesfor previously unvaccinated,booster dose every 10 years
Pneumococcal vaccine once atage 65 (earlier if (+) for certainhealth problems, such as lungdisease)
Hepatitis A & B shotsVaricella vaccine for all adults
without prior infection
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BCG
DPTOPV
Measles
MMRHepatitis B
Varicella
Tetanus-diphtheriaboosters(Td)-11-16 yrs
Rubella (females > 12 yrs)
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Screening tests forearly detection ofdisease
Education/Counselingabout healthy habits
and injury prevention Immunizations
Chemoprophylaxis
THE WELLNESS GUIDETOPREVENTIVE CARE
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Aspirin
older than 40 or younger than 40 who have highblood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or ifsmoking
Hormonal Replacement Therapy
risks of taking the combined hormones
estrogen and progestin after menopause to
prevent long-term illnesses outweigh thebenefits
Iron in pregnant women helps both the mother andbaby's blood carry oxygen
Folic acid-women of child bearing age- 400micrograms (or 0.4 mg) every day could prevent upto 70 percent of neural tube defects
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CalciumGuidelines from the National Academy of Sciences says that
the Adequate Intakes (AIs), in milligrams (mg), each day forcalcium are:
Infants 0-6 mo - 210 mg
7-12 mo - 270 mg
Children 1-3 yrs - 500 mg
4-8 yrs - 800 mg
9-13 yrs - 1,300 mg
4-18 yrs - 1,300 mg
Adults 19-50 yrs - 1,000 mg
Over 51 yrs - 1,200 mg During Pregnancy & Lactation
Under 18 yrs - 1,300 mg
19 yrs and older - 1,000 mg
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Calcium and Vitamin D
A serving of milk or yogurt
contains around 300 mg calcium
Vitamin D is needed to help the
body absorb calcium correctly
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