fantastic effects of micro and nanobubbles · speeding up water flow generates impulse...
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Fantastic effects of Micro and Nanobubbles
For
Polluted Water Treatment
Technical description
• NANOTERA GROUP (NTG) is a Dublin, Ireland, based integrated technology transfer organization.
• NTG combines extensive high level corporate and project execution expertise and track record with a strong international network of recognized scientists.
• NTG continuously assess and develop new technologies, methods, products, and tools which can contribute to protecting and cleaning the environment , reducing both the cost of energy generation, storage, application and their environmental impact, improve health, enhance agriculture, aquaculture and food production.
• NTG focuses on new technologies to improve the quality of Water resources, Air, Soil resources for preservation of the environment.
• Nanotera Pollution Solutions is a new NTG & BBE JV subsidiary , specialized in oil, chemical, industrial, water and soil decontamination & recovery tasks .
Nanotera Group (NTG), Bio Based Europe ( BBE) and
Nanotera Pollution Solutions (NTPS)
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The pressurized bubble generator NANOMIZE SYSTEM purifies polluted water environments such as lakes, marshes, rivers, inlets and bays by restoring waters natural self-purification functions.. The Nanomizer produces continuously large numbers of activated air bubbles of minute diameter (micro and nano air bubbles). Introduced into the polluted water, the air Nanobubbles activate the natural micro biology organisms. The mixture of activated micro and nano air bubbles with activated water removes pollutants, microbes and bad smelling molecules. Compared to other water treatment facilities of similar effect, the system is a lower-cost alternative with simple equipment that is easy to operate anytime and anywhere. In combination with custom bacteria, this technology is utilized as a desalination method to convert sea-water into water suitable for irrigation.
What is Nanomize System*
Description of Nanomizer
magnet
Stator side
Rotor side
Ｒｅｓｏｎａｃｅ ｔｏ ｗａｔｅｒ 共鳴
Water flow
Quick diffusion of ion state due to the transfer of electrons
During operation, inside pressure becomes negative
and so air and liquid are inhaled.
during rotation of rotor, centrifugal force reaches 400G
（ effect similar to waterfall)
repetition of compression & expansion （Herry`s law)
speeding up water flow generates impulse （Bernoulli`theorem)
↓
flowing through magnetic field, resonance occurs in water molecule
micro bubbles are ionized
(H302 ) ‐ is generated hydroxyl-ion (MHD generator）
shearing of water due to the difference in the speed of inner and outer flows
reduction in surface tension
and van der Waals force
↓
Method to generate Microbubbles
regular flow of micro-bubbles ; no emission of ultrasonic wave
Air intake
magnet ↓
↓
↓
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NANOMIZE SYSTEM generates Micro and Nanobubbles
Air and water are mixed, sheared and ionized and then produce activated super micro bubbles during passage through water path in the system.
Generates Powerful Flow of Activated Bubbles & Water to Purify Surrounding Water Environment.
No Undesirable Influence to Fish, Animals, Aqua-Inhabitants.
None of Additives is Used
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Data on Microbubbles Generated
10 20 30 40 50
0
100
200
300
400
500
10 20 30 40 50
0
100
200
300
400
500
Sample :Tsukuba city water Analyzed by AIST
Bubble diameter (mm)
Dis
trib
uti
on
(b
ub
ble
s/m
l) 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1000 1250 1500
気泡数
(個/m
L)
回転数（rpm)
回転数による気泡発生数
１μ
2μ
5μ
10μ Ｄ
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5 10 20 30 35 40 50
接触時間。30分で停止
気泡経時変化
１μ
2μ
5μ
10μ
stop
Ｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅ ｆｏｒ ｄａｔａ
Ｌｉｖｉｎｇ
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Data on Super Microbubbles Generated by NANOMIZER SYSTEM
Bubble Size (mm)
Dis
trib
uti
on
(b
ub
ble
s/m
l)
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Micro bubbles have the following functions:
• The materials concerned are applied as base compounds,
• Electric conductivity applied,
• The surface tension and penetration pressure of the materials is greatly reduced, and
• The materials concerned are negatively charged.
These features are favorable because they:
• minimize the size of the materials,
• enhance decomposition,
• accelerate the feeding processes of micro biology organisms.
• Essentially, micro bubbles activate micro biology organisms and greatly enhance decomposition.
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Nanobubbles functions
Microbubbles collapse for treatment of chemical factory waste water
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① sedimentation at the rate of 1m /1 hour due to electrification, Brownian motion , decrease in Surface tension
② life time, － 24 days
③ increase surface area result in increase reaction speed NH４→NH３→NO２→N．O This reduction process takes 120 years microbe active
④ DO and ionization result in the increase in both the acceleration of oxidation and reduction P２O５→P６→P１OH (inactive)
⑤decrease in ORP results in the rupture of air bladder of blue-green algae
⑥ decrease in surface tension → easier penetration =good for ｃｒｏｐ
ELECTRIFICATION
Microbubbles property 3-5μ
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Characteristics of Microbubbles
Internal pressure of Micro
bubbles 200 atm
electrification on micro bubble
surface
-e -e（electron)
-e -e
-e -e
-e -e
sedimentation due to
Tyndall phenomenon
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
Intense viscosity ．
Selective Sterilization ．
Decomposition of Organic
matter
＋e ＋e
+e
+e
Choice for ＋－
potential difference
＋e
+e
select procaryote from bacteria
Repel＆pull
Why sedimentation Water have +,-bipolar
Bacteria
bubble
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What Nanobubbles can do?
Air is stored in Nanobubbles.
The bubble can stay in water more stable as smaller diameter.
Air is slowly released from the bubbles and dissolved, then water becomes rich in oxygen
BOD & COD Decrease.
Help Plankton, Aerobic Microbes to Grow
Kill Anaerobic Bacteria and Other Microbes
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Water and Air are treated magnetically.
Magneto-electrolysis causes Ionization and Generates Hydroxyl Ions
Molecules are activated to Higher Energy
Generate Active Nanobubbles Effective for
Sterilization
Decomposition
Healthy Growth of Aqua Inhabitants
Resulting in Purification
What Nanobubbles can do?
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Purification of Polluted Water Environment By Activated Nano Bubbles and Water of Small Clusters
Kill Anaerobic Microbes
Help the Growth of Aerobic Microbes
Decompose Sludge at Water Bottom
Remove Bad & Offensive Smell
Thus Stimulate Self Purification to
Recover Clean Water Environment Easy Installation & Operation,
Long Life & Low Energy Consumption 46
Nanobubbles effects
What happens in water environment
MINUS IONS electrification
RESOLVE ORGANICS BOD & COD IMPROVED
DEVELOP (H3O2)
STERILIZATION RESOLVE ORGANICS
KILL B-G MICROBES
VITALIZE
MICROBES(useful)
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
SLUDGE &
B-G ALGAE FLOAT
Flush Activated Nano & Microbubbles
RESTORE CLEAN ENVIRONMENT
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5 ton water and 50 kg fowl excrements kept for 3 months:
Experiments and results
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•Bleaching took place 3 hours after bubbling •Solid components were separated and floated •One hour after muddy white bubbling, color bleached and smell disappeared •30 to 40 % of P and N reduced •Offensive smell removed by sending oxygen
Before operation
After 3 H operation
Experiments and results
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•Sludge: The sludge accumulated to the thickness of 30 cm can be resolved and disappear in about 45 days. •Harmful algae and microbes: Resolution starts after about 4 days. •Bad smell: Smell starts to reduce typically in about 4 days. •By virtue of the above functions for purification, water can start self purification, in other words, useful plankton, water weed such as rock weed can grow, fish can hatch eggs and grow in the water and birds come back
Experiments and results
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Concept Purify water by water on site
Appearance 0.75KW J-1
240
196
160
300
355
917
① ② ②
③
単位：mm
④
【measure plan】
air
Water pump
Water intake
Air Tube at Top Portion
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NANOMIZE-SYSTEM
Purification of Water by the in-situ Water
No Additive use No Chemicals use High Cost Performance
In-situ purification of contaminated water by the water itself
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• Using water pumped in from the polluted water area to be purified and surrounding air, NANOMIZE SYSTEM* produces: • continuously large number of activated air bubbles • a volume of activated water, • discharge them into the area.
• The mixture of activated micro air bubbles and activated water resolves pollutants and microbes which cause pollution, and molecules of bad smell.
• As the result, the water environment is purified so that clean environment is
restored assures sustainable and better lives.
• It is also possible to purify much worse environment by using proper additives.
Functions of Nanomize System*
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Reservoir purification
設置場所
１５０ｍ
Location kagawa Prefecture
１．Area 4.7 ha
２． Water volume ７８，０００ｍ３
３. Average depth 3 m
Term 61day
Equipment one １HP（０．７５ｋｗ） Type
Result 1. Muddy sediment 50 cm thick was resolved and disappeared over 4.5 ha
2. Disappearance of AVS gas at bottom and increase in dissolved oxygen.
3. Resolution of and decrease in T-N and T-P
4. Decrease in and improvement of COD
5. Resolution and disappearance of muddy sedime
6. Algae and slime separated fro bottom and wall of protection bank
7. Disappearance of bad smell around the lake at high temperature
8. More water fowls fly in due to improvement of water quality
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Purification of blue-green microbes in pond
1. Excess nourishment caused by food for carps and drain from kitchen.
2. Outbreak of blue-green algae caused by the heat of the sun absorbed by black rubber sheet laid at bottom and insufficient water circulation.
3.Supplied water is brownish caused by non-ionized Fe which can be nutrition for
bacteria. 4. Bad smell caused by NH4 gas.
Pond at the site of a Hotel, Karuizawa Area 150 ｍ2 , Depth 70 cm
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1. Increase dissolved oxygen, lower water temperature and supply sufficient oxygen with sufficient flow of water.
2. Resolve excess nutrition of blue-green algae by microbubbles. 3. Prevent the generation of NH4, NH2, and NO3 gas to stop bad smell. 4. Sterilize by hydroxyl ion generated when microbubbles are produced. 5. Kill blue-green algae by destroying their air cells taking advantage of difference in
oxidation and reduction potential, and finally make them float to surface
Actions to be done
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1. Dead blue-green algae were floated in the form of scum at the interval of 3 to 4 hours and disappeared in the evening.
2. Process to improve transparency of water is slow because of slow resolution of chlorophyll and protein pigment.
3. No bad smell originated from NH4 gas and dead blue-green algae were detected.
Additional actions for further improvement of transparency
1. Supply minus ion together with air for faster bleach.
2. Collecting dead blue-green algae out of water by simple vacuum type equipment.
Result
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Mechanism of outbreak of blue-green microbes
1. Excess nutrition results in lack of oxygen and increase in rotten materials. Where water flows, the outbreak does occur because of enough oxygen and
stable low water temperature. 2. Where blue-green algae are produced, NH4 and NO3 change to gas, giving
offensive smell as temperature rises. Taking advantage of NANOMIZE SYSTEM, oxygen content increased and rotten materials were resolved.
Offensive smell is prevented by deoxidization of NH4 to NH3 to NH2
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Complement of Method for Microbubble Generation System for the Purification of Water and the Effect on Organisms
In the present study by using micro-bubbles generated by the Micro Bubble Generator” that was made by us, technological improvement for polluted water purification and the effects on microbes and other organisms have been studied.
Main subjects were as follows; 1.The method for efficient microbubbles generation and its characterization. 2.Remediation of polluted water quality by using the microbubble generation system. 3.Remediation of polluted water quality by using the microbubble generation system. 4.The application of the bubble-generation system to crops cultivation
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1. Characterization of the generated micro-bubbles. Bubbles smaller than 3μm in diameter was largely obtained, 1.2μm bubbles were 6millions and 3μm ones 5 millions. Those were negatively charged, showing the acceleration degradation of organic substances.
The degradation was quickly observed 4 days after the treatment. This result suggests on
earlier degradations of organic substances by aerobic microbes propagation . 2. Selective killers of some prokaryotes such as E. coils were occurred positively, but
growth promotions were oppositely observed in some （eucaryotic) such as yeast and algae. “Water bloom” reduction was drastically obtained and disappeared in the rivers and ponds.
This effect will be applied for the improvement of “red water”. This technology is not harmful and good for the environment to compare with chemical
treatment due to simple physical and biological method
Positive effects on water quality improvement were realized by the Microbubble generation system.
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3. Other peculiarities were found such as increasing surface tension on the water, electric transudation and the decrease of oxidation-reduction of electrical potential.
This facilitates the absorption of the water by the plant roots, and promotes water and nutrition uptake, therefore plant growth should be accelerated.
4. From the soil colloid structure point of view, if aggregation of soil particles are formed to
the deep soil, soil microbes and plant root growth will be promoted, therefore finally high production and high vigor can be realized. This can be applied plant growth promotion method.
From the positive and suggestions above describing on the effects by micro-bubble
treatments will be useful to water quality remediation in the river and pond, greening public garden. The present study has been restricted to some fields and not deeply analyzed. Thus, more scientific researches on water and soil qualification, water organisms ecology and crop production are necessary during doctor course study under the directions by excellent specialist professors.
Positive effects on water quality improvement were realized by the Microbubble generation system.
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2
Fine Oil/water separation by
Microbubble maker and ozone generator
Fine bubble generator
Fine Oil/Water Separation: Input: Polluted/troubled water with oil residuals
Process: Fine bubbles are introduced into the water
whereby remaining oil and other organic components are floated on the surface of water. The floated substance, mainly comprised of oil, creates a bubble layer on the surface of water, which is separated out (oil/water separation). The treatment with fine bubbles once or several times makes it possible to remove remaining oil components from water source.
Technology: Microbubble maker, fine bubble generator and Ozone generator
Output: Floating residual oil over water
Oxygen concentration and ozone generator
Microbubble maker
What is Microbubble?
1. Size Fine bubbles having a diameter not more than 100 microns 100 μｍ
2. Large Surface Area
3. Slow floating speed
4. Character of surface electric potential Microbubbles are Negative charge and thus, it is difficult to bind bubbles
5. Laminar Flow Liquid becomes laminar flow ＊1 micron (１μｍ) is 1m/million =1mm/thousand
Effects of Microbubble
• Negatively charged micro bubbles generated by the system remain active in the water for long periods of fine and produce widespread ionization fields in the water by use of cultivated light and increased ionized DO.
• Effects of negative ionization
• Generating weak ion fields with cultivated light in the water front,
• Oxidation and reduction potential(ORP) of water are reduced, decreasing the progression of septic action and oxidation,
• Electrical attraction between electrons and water molecules reduces the combination of hydrogen atoms which leads to the production of CO2 and some hydrophobic substances. This inhibits the development of floating algae(e.g. water bloom) and weakens the surface tension of water, which further assists the generated of micro-bubbles.
• Note: It is well established that water molecules are dipoles( that is, they have a negative pole and a positive pole) and that water is not a single molecule. Single H2O molecules like form clusters of 5 to 8 molecules, held together hydrogen bonds.
• In water, molecular poles are attracted to poles of the opposite electrical charge ( as is magnetism). The result is that the two molecules share an electron(e-). This electron is the bond that holds the two molecules together (hydrogen bonding). Ionized micro-bubbles interfere with this process, preventing hydrogen combination and causing the individual water molecules to separate. A chain reaction occurs, increasing kinetic energy and decreasing surface tension which generates smaller water molecules that have superior water penetration and conveyance capabilities. When hydrogen bonds are eliminated, hydrophobic properties in the water also disappear
Effects of Micro Bubbles and dissolved oxygen
• The micro-bubbles created have a far-reaching, long lived ability to improve water flows and increase dissolved oxygen. Improving DO promotes the growth of aerobic microorganism that decompose suspended particles, improve BOD and COD, leading to clean, clear water.
• Micro-bubbles supply oxygen to sludge layers at the bottom of bodies of water, promoting oxidation of this sludge. Redox potentials are improved, increasing oxygen levels. Aerobic bacteria is promulgated allowing for the decomposition of organic pollutants. Further, inorganic materials will cover the sludge layers which prevents pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide(H2S), nitrogen, and phosphorous from leaking into environment.
• H2S is converted to sulfuric acid, eliminating objectionable odors
Distribution of Particle Diameter
Air Flow Q=0.2 L/min Air Flow Q=0.8 L/min
Theory value
• ＊The number of the assumptions
• 1ℓ＝10,000μm×10,000μm×10,000μm
• ＝1,000,000,000,000μm３
• Diameter 50μm bubble
• Volume 4×3.14×25×25×25÷3＝65,420μm３
• 1,000,000,000,000μm３÷65,420μm３
• ＝15,285,845bubbles bubbles／ℓ
• Air 0.1 ℓ ： Water 0.9ℓ 1/10 (Air1:Water9)
• 15,285,845bubbles／ℓ × 1/10
• ＝1,528,584bubbles／ℓ
• ＊The number of the assumptions
• 1,000,000bubbles／ℓ～2,000,000bubbles／ℓ
Surface area
• Diameter 50μm bubble ： Diameter 5mm bubble
• 5mm=5000μm
• S=4π×r２
• 50μm 4×3.14×25×25=7,850μm３
• 5000μm(5mm) 4×3.14×2500×2500=78,500,000μm
• 78,500,000μm３÷7,850μm３＝10,000
• Diameter 50μm bubble ： Diameter 5mm bubble
• =1:10,000
＊Academically
• １：（７００～２０，０００）
O3 Microbubble COD Extraction ratio
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Ozone reaction
time/min
pH=5
pH=7 pH=8 pH=9 pH=10
5 79.3 79.17 84.85 85.3 84 8 82.33 81.03 85.71 89.5 88 10 83.5 83.4 87.01 90.1 89.43 15 85.32 82.88 87.35 90.7 90.3 20 85.21 83.59 87.63 90.2 88.9
Different pH COD ER（%）
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10曝气时间/min
溶解氧
/mg/L
微气泡新仪器
曝气头曝气
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L
Microbubble Aeration
Aeration time /min
Comparison table
Change of the SS
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Surfacing time /min
0 2 5 10 15 20
SS/mg/L 54.7 15.8 4.2 12 0.6 0.1
The value of impurities decreases SS Effluent standard of the general sewage treatment ground SS30mg/L The micro bubble reaches in two minutes
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Main Treatment (Oil/Water Separation)
Water
Receiver
Fine Bubbles
IN P
Main Treatment (Oil/Water Separation) • Into polluted water having been roughly treated as
described above are introduced fine bubbles by means of a fine bubble generator (manual/electric powered) whereby oil and other organic components existing in water or adhered on substances residing on the bottom of water such as stones are floated on the surface of water. The floated substance mainly comprised of oil creates a bubble layer on the surface of water is separated out (oil/water separation). Fine bubbles generated by KEE fine bubble generator has a function of surface active function (releasing oil on sand and stones on the bottom of water) and a function of absorbing organic particles (including oil component) and floats together with organic particles.
• The treatment with fine bubbles once or several times makes it possible to remove oil components from water source (in the water and/or adhered on the bottom substances). In some cases, an oil aggregation agent may be added to the water source on, before or after the introduction of fine bubbles.
• The treated water is further purified in the next stage in such a degree to meet the object.
• The oil component recovered from the upper supernant is absorbed on Peat Sorb as in the pretreatment, and then converted into fuel oil.
• KEE fine bubble generator is electric powered machine in general, which can also be used by external generator. In addition, KEE is now under development of manual type fine bubble generator.
• Also, full automatic type oil/water separator is provided (see the next page)
To Post
Treatment
Optional Portable
Generator
Fine Bubble
Generator
(manual/
Electric Driven)
KEE fine bubble
generator
Manual type fine bubble
generator
Oil water separation system
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Sludge ＆ Oil
Microbubble
Water
SS & Oil
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Examples of Applications (2) Drainage From Pig Breeding Exhaust
(Similar Scale)
Microbubbles + Ozone Treatment
Industrial: Washing/Oil/water separation (oil floating treatment) • Finely Dividing Oils: Conversion of heavy oil into Light Oil • Discoloration: For Industrial Exhaust water such as dye, coloring drinks • Hydroponic: Effect of stimulation /Sterilization
Deodorization: Deodorization of large scale industries and stock breeding firms
Agriculture: • Sterilization/disinfection/washing • Waterworks/Sewerage: • Sterilization/disinfection/washing
Sterilization/disinfection: Free of secondary pollution such as pollution of ground water
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Nickel Based Catalyst (Conversion of Ozone into harmless substance)
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Ozone concentration after passing through Nickel Based Catalyst (not detectable)
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Effects of micro and Nanobubbles
Degrade phenol, formalin, acetone, methanol, n-butanol
Degrade polyvinyl alcohol
Reduce COD and BOD
Oxidation
Increase dissolved oxygen
Degrade SS
Degrade oil
Kills bacteria
Purifies water from all chemical pollutants
Microbubbles &
Nanobubbles
Microbubbles & Nanobubbles purify polluted water environment
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NTDHB SYSTEM
RIVER FISH FARM
MARINA
PORT
LAGOON
RED TIDE
POWER STATION
EXCREMENT
& FILTH INDUSTRY
DRAIN SWIMMING
POOL
DAM & RESERVOIR
BLUE-GREEN ALGAE
CRUDE OIL SPILL
SHORE- LINES
OIL RIG
SEAWATER
LAKE & MARSH
