farming system research and advisory services
TRANSCRIPT
Farming system Research and Advisory services
CSR ON FARM (ECF) RESEARCH CENTER
IGKV,RMD, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE & RESEARCH
STATIONAMBIKAPUR, DISTRICT-
SURGUJA (C.G.)
Farming system-Concept
• Farming System is a complex inter related matrix of soil, plants, animals, implements, power, labour capital and other inputs controlled in part by farming families and influenced to varying degrees by political, economic, institutional and social forces that operate at many levels.
• In the farming system, the farm is considered as an entity of inter dependent farming enterprises to be carried out on it (farm). The farm is viewed in a holistic manner. The farmers are subjected to many socio-economic; biophysical, institutional, administrative and technological constraints.
• The farming system conceptually is a set of elements or components that are interrelated and interact among themselves. At the centre of the interaction is the farmer- exercising control and choice regarding the types of results of interaction.
• The income from cropping alone for small and marginal farm is often insufficient to sustain the farmer’s family. But, under Farming system management a judicious mix of one or more of Suitable enterprises viz. Dairy, Fishery, Piggery, horticulture etc. with agronomic crop, has been initiated to complement the farm income and helping in recycling the farm residues/wastes The selection of enterprises was mainly based on the cardinal principles of minimizing the competition and maximizing the complementary behavior between the enterprises.
• The multi disciplinary approach has been under taken for developing the various farming systems models in accordance with the agro-eco systems in Northern hills zone of CG.
Objectives of FSA :• To develop farm- house hold systems for rural
communities on a sustainable basis• To improve efficiency in farm production• To raise farm and family income. • To increase welfare of farm families and satisfy their basic needs.• To create an opportunity for developing diversified models for different type of farmers and different category of farmers. • To bring consequential a complex change through F.S. model developed by On Farm -Research and Extension
Programmes.
• To take the help from Government line department for necessary intervention needed for development of farming systems enterprises.
• To ensure complements component-oriented approach
To ensure active participation of rural communities.
• Emphasizing understanding of farm house hold- community inter linkages. • Review constraints and assesses potentials • To combine improvements desired from better technology.• Timely analysis, planning testing, monitoring and evaluation of programmes for continuous, dynamic and interactive learning process.
• In view of serious limitations on horizontal expansion of land and agriculture, only alternative left is for vertical expansion through various farm enterprises require less space and time but giving high productivity and ensuring periodic income specially for the small and marginal farmers..
• The following farm enterprises could be combined.
• AGRI – LIVESTOCK• AGRI – LIVESTOCK – POULTRY• AGRI – HORT – LIVESTOCK• AGRO – FORESTRY, SILVI – PASTORAL• RICE + FISH• RICE + FISH + MUSHROOM• FLORICULTURE + APIARY (Bee-keeping)• Fishery+ Duckery+ Poultry
• For meaningful execution of integrated farm-enterprises, the following activities have been undertaken by
• a multi-disciplinary team and Extension Professional with farmers participation and involvement at all stages.
Through:
• Thorough understanding of existing farming systems and their components
• Assessment of resource availability in the farm environment and identification of bio-physical, socio-economic, institutional, administrative and technological constraints.
• Developments of economic viable and efficient integrated farming systems suitable for various Farming conditions.
• Diffusion of improved technology and receiving “feed back” for further improvement of the system as a whole.
• Continuous improvement in components technology to fit into a given farming system
• Improvement in quality of farming system.
• Research-Extension linkage through “On farm Adaptive Research”.
Summary
• Due to ever increasing population and decreasing per capita availability of land in India, there is little scope for horizontal expansion of land for food, feed, fuel and fibre production.
• Only vertical expansion is possible by integrating various farm enterprises requiring less space and time and ensuring periodic income to the farmer.
• The farming system approach, therefore, assumes great
importance for sound management of farm resources to enhance farm productivity, reduce the degradation of environmental quality, improve the quality of life of farmers and above all to maintain sustainability in farm production and productivity.
Predominant farming system in the area of operation
S. No.
Crop component
Area (ha) % of farmers
Important constraints (not more than prioritized three) leading to low productivity
1
Rice 330.2 100% (i) Lack of irrigation
2
Wheat 41 33.50 (ii) Sub-optimal use of fertilizer
3
Maize 59 79.31 (iii) Use of less productive local
4
Mustard 50.2 28.58 seed and varieties
5
Arhar 26.6 52.70 (iv) Lack of proper plant
6
Ramtil 43.1 27.10 protection measure (weed, insect, pest and disease).
7
Urd 17.9 34.98
8
Groundnut 13.7 13.79
9
Vegetable 62 (Kharif+Rabi)
(54 +8)
30.54
*Total Survey of 208 Farmers were conducted before under taking the FSR Prog.
Other components Average No. Total farmers having components
Cow 1.92 135
Buffalo 2.32 53
Goat 4.70 108
Sheep - -
Beekeeping - -
Poultry 14.34 46
Fishery 1.12 08
Piggery 11.31 19
Wage 40 man days 128
Sr. No.
Components Area/NO. Av. Income(Rs.)
% age of Total Income
1 CROPS 643 ha crops 7235.00 61.84
2 Cow 1.92 1815.00 10.56
3 Buffalo 2.30 2079.00 2.10
4 Goat 4.70 716.00 3.20
5 Poultry 14.37 1650.00 4.26
6 Piggery 11.3 2708.00 2.22
7 Fishery 1.12 3870.00 1.60
8 Wages & Others Income
40 man-days 2576.00 14.22
II. Farmers are getting income from different
components of farming
Farming System Studies of Small , Medium and large farmers
(A) Most Common farming system:- Crops +Dairy
Major crops: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Toria and Groundnut.
Vegetables: potato, cabbage, onion, cauliflower,
cucurbits etc.
Major animals:- Cows and Buffaloes
Other Enterprises:- goatary , poultry, fisheries &
piggery
Orchards:-Mango & Jackfruits, Litchi etc.
Major Constraints:-
Crops :- (i) Use of local or over years old T.L. seed of crop varieties. (ii) Sub- optimal use of fertilizer (iii) Poor plant protection. Dairy :- (i) Indegenous low yielding local (2-3 Lit.milk /day) breeds of cows. (ii) Fodder with low Nutritive value-i.e., Rice straw, wheat straw, lack of leguminous green fodder, concentrate, Minerals etc.
Fruit cultivation:-
• Jackfruit, mango, guava, custard apple & litchi are major fruit plantation of fruit tree species. Even in improved varieties of Mango, Jackfruit & litchi etc. Proper schedules of manuring and fertilizers, Irrigation and Plant protection for proper fruit setting and prevention of fruit drops, are not followed .
Fishery, piggery, Poultry & goatery:-
• Lack of suitable species/breeds and rearing technique; Low productivity and body weight due to poor feeding and health care.
Farming System’s Model At
Farmer’s Fields Adopted Under CSR Farming
System Research And Advisory Services, IGKV ECF Center Ambikapur .
(C.G.)
• Ten farmers having different farming systems enterprises (components) were selected under CSR farming system research and advisory services, Ambikapur.
• The initial or existing component wise evaluation were made and improvements suggested as intervention were proposed as projected - component wise farming system development programme for each farmers.
. Finally the real progress made by individual farmer in respect of enhancement in income of particular component and over all farming system over existing system were evaluated. • The farming systems advisory committee consisting of
scientists/expert, agronomy, Horticulture, Plant protection, Animal nutrition and Veterinary science was constituted to suggest and monitor the component wise improvement in farming system of adopted farmers. The summarized reports are as given below:
Title: Impact Of Technological Interventions & Advisory
Services On Improvement Of Farming Systems Production And Profitability Of Different
Categories Of Farmers
S.N
o.
Name of the farmers and components
Component wise income
Initial
FC+V O D G P F/Pig Total
1 Sailendra Majumdar (FC+Veg.+Orc.+Fish+D)
37950 7700 25000
2400 4000 6000 83050
2 Sh. Anil Adhikari(FC+Veg.+O.+D)
98000 8000 - - - - 106000
3 Sh. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha (FV+O+D)
37500 10500 20000
- - - 68000
4 Sh. Radhe Gupta(FC+V+D)
60000 2000 21500
2000 10000
- 95500
5 Sh Indra San Kushwaha(FC+V+D)
52700 - 4000 - - - 56700
6 Sh. Ram Prasad(FC+V+G+Pig)
39500 - - 500 650 13000(pig)
53650
7 Sh. Kamlesh Gupta(FC+V+O+D+P+G+F)
17000 1000 12000
900 1000 - 31900
FC- Field crops, Veg.- Vegetable , Orc.- Orchard, Fish- Fisheries, D- Dairy, P- Poultry, Pig- Piggary, G- Goat\
EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME ON FARMERS INCOME
EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME ON FARMERS INCOME
Farmer name &
Achieved after 2 years-Component wise Income Income increased %
Components FC+V O D G P F/Pig. Total
1.S. Majumdar (FC+Veg.+Orc.
+Fish+D
97010 18950 72960 2500 11000 15000 217420 161
2 . Anil Adhikari(FC+Veg.+O.+D)
145738 26800 15000 - - - 172238 62
3. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha
(FV+O+D)
154570 14200 66000 - - - 234770 245
4. Radhe Gupta(FC+V+D)
193280 7000 49500 4500 32000 - 286280 199
5 Indra San Kushwaha
(FC+V+D)
121825 - 16000 - - - 137825 143
6. Ram Prasad(FC+V+G+Pig)
110440 - - 2300 4600 18500(pig)
135840 153
7. Kamlesh Gupta(FC+V+O+D+P+
G+F)
61800 1000 842000 4500 43000 64000 1015300 3082
S.N
o.
Name of the farmers and component
Income (Rupees) Cropping Intensity(%)
Initial Achieved
Increse(%)
Initial Achieved
Increse
(%)
1 Sailendra Majumdar (FC+Veg.+Orc.+Fish+D)
83050 217420 161 118 207 75
2 Sh. Anil Adhikari(FC+Veg.+O.+D)
106000 172238 62 207 259 25
3 Sh. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha (FV+O+D)
68000 234770 245 200 256 28
4 Sh. Radhe Gupta(FC+V+D)
95500 286280 199 130 161 24
5 Sh Indra San Kushwaha(FC+V+D)
56700 137825 143 262 275 5
6 Sh. Ram Prasad(FC+V+G+Pig)
53650 135840 153 138 190 29
7 Sh. Kamlesh Gupta(FC+V+O+D+P+G+F)
31900 1015300 3082 107 172 60
EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME ON FARMERS INCOME & CROPPING INTENSITY
PACKAGE FOR NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE FOR ANIMAL COMPONENTS
S.No Animal
Components
Animal Components Nutrition & health care package
Before After
1. Cow-Buffalos
Productivity
Growth/development
Concievement/dry period
Average milk 6.8Lit./per day
Average bodyweight
irregular & poor
Average 9.5 Liter milk per day (increased 25%)
Sound growth & body weight
proper & regular 2. Calf Mortality % Higher (50 -
60%) Minimum (10 to 15%)
3. Poultry Mortality % Body wt. in one month
30 to 40%
0.5 to 0.6 kg
5 to 10%
0.9 to 1.2 kg
4. Goat Mortality %
Growth
Productivity
Higher 30%
Poor
01 each
Low 5-10%
Healthy (25% higher body weight)
02
5. Piggery Mortality % Growth Productivity
Higher 30%
Poor
02 at a time
Less 5 to 10%
Healthy fast growth (40% higher)
3-5 at a time
PACKAGE FOR NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE FOR ANIMAL COMPONENTS
S/No Animal
component
No Package/Nutritional supplement
1. Cow 26 Nutrition : Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol (100+60ml)/day/ animal Min.Mix. Chelated Agriminefort 30gm/animal/day
Buffalos 09 Dewarming : Tab. Panacar 1.5gm x 2 each animal
Total 35 Feeds & Fodders : Chari, Barseem Oat, Maize grain, Oil cakes
2. Calf 16 Nutrition : Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol (20ml/day)
. Dewarming : Albomar 10ml each/day
3 Poultry 200 Syrp. Vimerol 5ml per liter water
Oxitetra cycline 5gm per liter water
4 Goat 15 Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol (20ml/day)
Albomar 10ml per goat once
5. Piggary 10 Chilated Agrimineforte 20gm/day/animal
Albomar 20ml/pig./day
Cropping sys.
Maize Cabbage Potato Onion
Sowing/TP
April 10th June 20th Sept. 20th January 5th
Variety Pro-agro 4212
Laurel/Bahar
Early Jawahar Royal Selection-1
Spacing (cm)
50x25 50x30 50x20 15x10
Fertilizer NPK kg/ha
80:50:30 120:80:50 120:80:50 120:80:50
Micronutrients - Zinc sulphate 25kg + Multiplex - 50kg/ha.
FYM ton/ha
10-15 ton/ha
Yield q/ha
160 (GC) 250 150 200
Aprox Cost System Rs. 80000ha.
Net Income Rs. - 150000ha.
Suitable Cropping systems for Remunerative production
Cropping sys.
Chilli Green pea
Wheat Maize
Sowing/TP
10 March 15 Sept.
20 Dece. 15 April
Variety Tejashwani/ CM-Hot/ Godawari
Golden /Aric
le
Vidisha 4212 (GC)
Spacing (cm)
80x50 30x10 20cm 50x20
NPK kg/ha
120:100:80 30:60:20
100:60:40
80:50:30
Micronutrients - Zinc sulphate 30kg + Multiplex - 100kg
FYM ton/ha
20 ton/ha
Yield q/ha 200 125 35 150 (GC)Aprox Cost System Rs. - 80000.00
Net Income Rs. - 120000.00
Cropping sys.
Maize Toria Wheat Maize
Sowing/TP
10 June 15 Sept. 20 Dece. 15 April
Variety Pro-agro 4212
JT-1 Vidisha Pro-agro-4212
Spacing (cm)
50x25 30R-R 20R-R 50x20
Fertilizer NPK kg/ha
80:50:30
80:50:30 100:60:40 80:50:30
FYM ton/ha
10-15 - - -
Yield q/ha 150 10 35 150
Aprox Cost System Rs. - 50000.00
Net Income Rs. - 80000.00
Agronomic Management practices for increased production of sugarcane.
Objective : To increase the yield by addressing the most important (Limiting) factor no.-1 responsible for low yield i.e., improved variety and constraint No.2 ie. use of recommended dose of fertilizer for sugarcane.
T1 Farmers practice (local variety and less fertilizer 80:48:24 NPK kg/ha)
T2 T1(Farmers practice )+ use of improved variety –Co 8201.
T3 T1(Farmers practice) + recommended dose of fertilizer-200:80:100 NPK kg/ha.
T4 All the recommended package of practices , i.e. improve variety + recommended fertilizer + Integrated nutrients (Zinc Sulphate @25kg/ha) and weed management (Atrazine 1.5Kg a.i./ha) etc.
.
TreatmentsT1-FP T2-FP+IV T3-
FP+RF
ARP
Yield (T/ha) 48.20 69.62 98.50 143.80
Income(Rs./ha) 53020 75900 108350 157180
Cost (Rs./ha) 28400 33300 34700 44300
Net Income(Rs./ha)
24620 42600 73650 112880
B/C Ratio 0.87 1.27 2.12 2.55
Additional Net income overFP
- 17980 49030 88260
FP-Farmers Practice, IV-Improved Variety, RF-Recommended Fertilizer,ARF-All Recommended Packages & Practices Price cane-Rs. 1000/ton
Economical analysis of sugarcane production under different treatments
.
TreatmentsT1-FP T2-FP+IV T3-
FP+RF
ARP
Yield (T/ha) 48.20 69.62 98.50 143.80
Tillers/hill 4.10 5.6 6.90 8.80
Weight/Can (kg) 1.25 1.57 1.70 2.36
NetIncome (Rs/ha) 24620 42600 73650 112880
B/C Ratio 0.87 1.27 2.12 2.55
Additional Net income overFP
- 17980 49030 88260FP-Farmers Practice, IV-Improved Variety, RF-Recommended Fertilizer,ARF-All Recommended Packages & Practices Price cane-Rs. 1000/ton
Economical Analysis and Yield Attributes of Sugarcane under different treatments
Other profitable systems ( Intensive)
• 1. Cabbage-Potato-Onion-Maize + Cowpea • 2. Maize-Cabbage-Potato-Onion-Cowpea• 3. Chilli -Table pea –Onion -Maize +Cowpea• 4. Cabbage-Cauliflower-Onion-Maize+Cowpea • 5. Colocasia -Cabbage-Onion-Cucurbits• 6. Maize-Brinjal • 7. Maize-Potato-Tomato-Onion+Cowpea • 8. Rice-Tomato-Onion-Maize+Cowpea • 9. Ginger-Onion-Maize. • Common Systems:• 1. Rice-Wheat-Moong• 2. Maize-Toria-Wheat• 3. Maize-Tablepea-Maize• 4. Maize-Wheat-Cucurbits • 5. Rice-Cabbage/Cauliflower• 6. Groundnut-Wheat-Maize
Maize Based Cropping Systems
Maize-Tomato at adopted (FS)Farmers Field
Rice Based Cropping Systems
A View Of Field Day
Maize Based Cropping Systems
PERFORMANCE OF HYB. RICE PRO-6201 UNDER RICE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCE
RESPONSE OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS IN RICE-WHEAT SEQUENCE
MAIZE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCE
MAIZE-WHEAT SYSTEM
A VIEW OF OILSEED CROPS
TABLE PEA-AJAD PEA-1
Agronomical Management In Groundnut-Wheat System
Maize based Cropping System
VISIT OF Dr.M.S. GILL TO FARMERS UNDER F.S.R.
AMBIKAPUR(ECF)
VISIT OF Dr.M.S. GILL ,DIRECTOR-PDCSR
TO FARMERS UNDER F.S.R.AMBIKAPUR(ECF)
Visit Of Hon' able Vice Chancellor Dr. C.R. Hazra
Visit Of Hon' able Vice Chancellor Dr. C.R. Hazra