Fascism Rises in Europe

15-3

Faith Lost

• Countries lose faith in democracy because of worldwide depression–Turn to extremism

Fascism• Military political

movement emphasizing loyalty to state & obedience to its leader–Promise to revive

economy, punish those responsible, restore nationalistic pride

Italy

• Unemployment, fear of Communism, social unrest

Benito Mussolini• Wants to revive

economy and rebuild armed forces

• Wear black shirts, attack Communists on streets

Mussolini in Power

• Abolishes democracy • Outlaws political parties except Fascist• Secret Police• Censorship

Adolf Hitler• WWI German soldier

– 2 Iron Crosses for bravery• Joins Nazi party • Adolf Hitler becomes

der Furer (the leader)–Writes Mein Kampf

Nazi Party• Overturn of Treaty of Versailles

and fight Communism• Support middle & lower middle

class• Adopt swastika• Storm Troopers/Brownshirts –

militia

Mein Kampf• My struggle– Nazi blueprint– Aryans = master race– Jews = subhuman– Need more lebensraum

(living space)– Conquer Eastern Europe

and Russia

Chancellor Hitler• President Hindenburg

names Hitler Chancellor–Reichstag burns down

(Communists blamed)–Hitler takes away

freedoms and takes absolute dictatorial power

Hitler• Propaganda• Social Darwinism – Nietzsche

philosophies = brute force – glorify war• S.S. – protection squad–Murder hundreds of Hitler enemies

• Gestapo – Nazi secret police–Terrorize Germany

Germany

• Millions put to work, build up country and military–From 6 million

unemployed to 1.5 in 4 yrs

War on Jews

• Jews less than 1% of population

• Scapegoats for all problems

• Rights taken away–Violence vs Jews

Kristallnacht• Night of the Broken

Glass–Nazi’s attack Jews

and destroy property–Signals elimination of

Jews from German life

World• Powerful nations are

1. Democratic2. Totalitarian - Fascists willing to use

military force