fascist europe greater romania greater hungary greater croatia greater albania jasenovac, croatia...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fascist EuropeFascist Europe
Greater RomaniaGreater RomaniaGreater HungaryGreater HungaryGreater CroatiaGreater CroatiaGreater AlbaniaGreater Albania
Jasenovac,Croatia
Kosovo
![Page 2: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
State response to minority: Autonomy and Ethnic Federalism
Serbs, Croats, Slovenesunited kingdom after WWI;
Named “Yugoslavia” (South Slavs), 1932
Communist Josip Broz Titorevived it after WWII.Croatian who promotes“brotherhood & unity”
![Page 3: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Six republics of Yugoslavia, 1945-1991Croatia, Slovenia(Catholic)
Serbia, Montenegro,Macedonia(Orthodox)
Bosnia(Muslim)
Kosovo(Muslim partof Serbia)
![Page 4: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Kosovo province of SerbiaTito puts Albanian majority in charge;
Serbs have become minority but maintain historic claim
![Page 5: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tito dies; replaced byweak rotating leadership.
Economic crisis leads to(multiethnic) worker strikes.
Republic leaders start touse nationalist messages,weaken Yugoslav identity
Yugoslavia in 1980s
![Page 6: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Models of ethnic harmony, 1984Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
By 1992, both cities were torn by ethnic uprisings,gang rule, and troops on the streets
![Page 7: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Theories of ethnic hatred
It’s always there; politics can keep a “lid” on it
Croatian and Serbian leadersstoke ethnic hatred after 1989
It’s a tool used for political and economic power
Communism collapses inEastern Europe, 1989
![Page 8: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Conflict among similar peoples(Serbs vs. Muslims vs. Croats)
Same race, spoken language
Different religion,script, “ethnic” group
Intermarried, cooperated,1950s-80s; at war 1990s
Muslim and Serb refugeesfrom Sarajevo, Bosnia
![Page 9: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why ethnic conflict?Why ethnic conflict?
Because differencenaturally causeconflict?
But difference doesnot always causeconflict Conflicts also eruptbetween similarpeoples (Bosnia)
![Page 10: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ethnic conflictEthnic conflictas a tool to…as a tool to…
Mask economic hierarchy.Mask economic hierarchy.
Divert majority citizens Divert majority citizens from economic crisis.from economic crisis.
Prevent poor of different Prevent poor of different ethnic groups from uniting.ethnic groups from uniting.
![Page 11: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Yugoslav ethnic groups before break-up
Ethnic Serbsand Croatsfor irredentism
Bosnians,Kosovarsfor secession
Use of mapsas weapons
![Page 12: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
“Greater Serbia” Slobodan Milosevic appeals for Serbian rightsat 600th anniversary of Kosovo battle, 1989
Backs ethnic territoriality in Croatia, Bosnia;State territoriality in Kosovo
![Page 13: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“Greater Croatia”
Tudjman’s Bosniapartition plan
Pres. Franjo Tudjman
![Page 14: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Greater Albania”Kosova Liberation Army (KLA)
![Page 15: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Former Yugoslavia Break-upSlovenia 1991
Croatia 1991
Bosnia 1992
Macedonia 1992
Serbia & Montenegro 1992 (Yugoslavia to 2003)
Kosovo 1999(not official)
![Page 16: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Secession of Slovenia, 1991
Alpine republic close toAustria; no Serb minority.
Belgrade let go after short fight.
Soldiers’ mothers stepped in.
![Page 17: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Secession of Croatia, 1991
Historic rival to Serbia
Close to Germany.Used WWII symbols
Large Serb minorities inKrajina and Eastern Slavonia.
![Page 18: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Yugoslav Army attacks eastern Croatia cities
Much of Vukovar & Osijekdestroyed by Serbian shelling;Croatian scorched earth
![Page 19: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Secession of Bosnia, 1992
Muslims, Croats did not want to stayin Serb Yugoslavia
Serbs, Croats sharedhistoric hatred of Muslims
Gangs form militias;looting, confiscationsresponse to economic crisis
![Page 20: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pre-warBosnia
Muslims 44%Serbs 31%Croats 17%Other 8%
Three-wayfight
![Page 21: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Western recognition of independence
Led by united Germany;Premature withoutguarantee for minority(Serb) rights.
Krajina and Bosnian Serbssee replay of WWII;fight for Greater Serbia
![Page 22: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bosnian Serb snipersbesiege Sarajevo, 1992-95
![Page 23: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Olympic Stadiumin Sarajevo
![Page 24: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mostar(Bridge)
Ottoman bridgeseparated
Croat and Muslimneighborhoods;Croatians blewit up in 1993.
![Page 25: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ethnic cleansingForced removal of
an ethnic group
Serbs expelledfrom Krajina(Croatia), 1995
Albaniansexpelled
from Kosovo (Serbia), 1999
To make area ethnically “pure”Croats expelled from
Vukovar (Croatia), 1992
![Page 26: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ethnic Cleansingof Bosnian Muslims
![Page 28: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Srebrenica massacre, 1995Serbs kill up to 7,000 Muslims
Dutch UNtroopspowerless
![Page 29: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Croatian ethnic cleansing of Serbsfrom Krajina, 1995
U.S. aided Croatian offensive into Krajina (borderland) andwestern Bosnia to defeat Serbs, but civilians expelled
![Page 30: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Croatian ethnic cleansing of Serbsfrom Krajina, 1995
![Page 31: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Post-warBosnia
Separate armies, currencies, etc.
Two governmentswith contiguous territories
Central gov’t?Refugee returns?Nationalist parties?
![Page 32: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Comparing1991 and
1995
DaytonAccordLine
![Page 33: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dayton Accord (de facto Partition), 1995
Federation of Bosnia-Hercegovina(Croat/Muslim)
Republika Srpska(Serb Republic)
U.S. rubberstampsethnic cleansing?
![Page 34: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Western troopsIn Bosnia
![Page 35: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Kosovo fighting, 1998-99Between Serbia and Kosova Liberation Army (KLA);
2,000 killed
![Page 36: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, 1999
![Page 37: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, 1999Resentment even from anti-Milosevic Serbs
after civilian targets, opposition cities bombed
![Page 38: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Ethnic Cleansing of Kosovar Albanians, 1999
![Page 39: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
DestroyedDestroyedKosovo villageKosovo village
![Page 40: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Ethnic Cleansing of Kosovar Albanians, 1999
![Page 41: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Kosovo refugee crisis
![Page 42: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
NATO troopsin Kosovo
CampBondsteel
CampCampBondsteelBondsteelSerb pocket from
Mitrovica to north;both sides wantethnic partition
![Page 43: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
KLA ethnic cleansing of non-Albanians after NATO arrives
Serbs, Roma, Turks, Jews etc. accusedOf siding with Milosevic, left in fear
![Page 44: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Roma (Gypsies)Non-territorial ethnic group traced to India;
5/7 million in Eastern Europe (poorest).
Victims of Holocaust and skinheads;
Cultures threatened by settlement, internal divisions
![Page 45: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
MacedoniaCrisis
Ex-KLA fighters for Greater Albania in NW Macedonia, and in
Presevo Valley (Serbia), 2000-01.Full-scale war headed off.
![Page 46: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Serbians vote out, overthrow Milosevic, 2000
Milosevic ontrial in TheHague for war crimes.Croatians alsovote outnationalists.
![Page 47: Fascist Europe Greater Romania Greater Hungary Greater Croatia Greater Albania Jasenovac, Croatia Kosovo](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c9a5503460f94957ef7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
End of Yugoslavia, 2003
New leader critical of U.S. too.
Montenegro came nearindependence; Kosovo de facto independent.
West wants no more wars.
New co-equal name:Serbia and Montenegro