fast first aid and cpr review

8/12/2019 FAST First Aid and CPR Review

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SKILL SHEET

22| CPR/AED for Professional Rescuers and Health Care Providers

Note: Always follow standard precautions when providing care. Get anautomated external defibrillator (AED) on the scene as soon as possible.

Size-up the scene for safety and then:

CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS

Tap the shoulder and shout, Are you okay?

IF NO RESPONSE, SUMMON MORE ADVANCEDMEDICAL PERSONNEL

If face-down, roll the victim onto his or her back whilesupporting the head, neck and back.

OPEN THE AIRWAY AND CHECKFOR BREATHING AND A PULSE

Check for no more than 10seconds.

Look, listen and feel for breathing.

Feel for a pulse by placing two fingersin the middle of the victims throat thensliding them into the groove at the sideof the neck closest to you. Press lightly.

Note: For a breathing emergency (e.g.,drowning, hypoxia), give2ventilations prior toStep 4. If the chest does not clearly rise whengiving ventilations, the airway might be blocked.Provide care for an unconscious choking victim.

QUICKLY SCAN FOR SEVERE

BLEEDING

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PRIMARY ASSESSMENTADULT

PROVIDE CARE AS NEEDED

If no breathing or pulse, perform CPR.

If no breathing but there is a pulse, give 1ventilation about every 5seconds.

If there is severe bleeding and the victim is breathing, provide first aid carefor the bleeding.

If unconscious but breathing, leave the victim in a face-up position and maintan open airway. Place in a modified high arm in endangered spine (H.A.IN.E.recovery position only if you:

Are alone and must leave the victim (e.g., to call for help).

Cannot maintain an open and clear airway because of fluids or vomit.

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Note: Always follow standard precautions when providing care. Get an AED onthe scene as soon as possible.

Size-up the scene for safety and then:

CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS

Tap the shoulder and shout. For an infant,

you may flick the bottom of the foot.

IF NO RESPONSE, SUMMON MORE ADVANCED

MEDICAL PERSONNEL

If face-down, roll the victim onto his or her back while supporting thehead, neck and back.

OPEN THE AIRWAY AND CHECKFOR BREATHING AND A PULSE

Check for no more than 10seconds.

Look, listen and feel for breathing.

Check for a pulse.

For a child, place two fingers in themiddle of the throat, then slide theminto the groove at the side of theneck closest to you. Press lightly.

For an infant, place two fingers on theinside of the upper arm between the elbow and shoulder. Press lightly.

Note: For a witnessed sudden collapse, skip Step 4.

IF NO BREATHING, GIVE2VENTILATIONS

Each ventilation should last about 1secondand make the chest clearly rise. The chestshould fall before the next ventilationis given.

Note: If the chest does not clearly rise during Step 4, the airway might beblocked. Provide care for an unconscious choking victim.

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PRIMARY ASSESSMENTCHILD AND INFANT


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QUICKLY SCAN FOR SEVERE BLEEDING


If no breathing or pulse, perform CPR.

If no breathing but there is a pulse, give 1ventilation about every 3seconds.

If there is severe bleeding and the victim is breathing, provide first aid carefor the bleeding.

If unconscious but breathing, leave the victim in a face-up position and maintan open airway. Place in a modified H.A.IN.E.S. recovery position only if you:



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RECOVERY POSITIONS

Note: If unconscious but breathing, leave the victim in a face-up position andmaintain an open airway. Place in a modified H.A.IN.E.S. recovery position onlyif you:




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Modified H.A.IN.E.S. Recovery PositionAdult, Child and Infant

KNEEL AT THE SIDE

ROLL THE VICTIM AWAY FROM YOU

Lift the arm farthest from you up next to the head, with the victims palm facing up.

Take the arm closest to you and place it next to his or her side.

Bend the leg farthest from you up.

Using your hand closest to the head, cup the base of the skull in your palmand carefully slide your forearm under the shoulder closest to you.

Do not lift or push the head or neck.

Place your other hand under the arm and hip closest to you.

Using a smooth motion, roll the victim away from you by lifting with your handand forearm until the victim is on his or her side.

Keep the victims head in contact with his or her extended arm and support

the head and neck.

PLACE THE TOP LEG ON THE OTHER WITH BOTH

KNEES IN A BENT POSITION

ALIGN THE ARM ON TOP WITH

THE UPPER BODY

If you must leave to get help, place thehand of the victims upper arm palm sidedown with the fingers under the armpitof his or her extended lower arm.

Additional Recovery Posi tionInfant

1. Carefully position the infant face-down alongyour forearm.

2. Support the infants head and neck with yourother hand while keeping the infants mouthand nose clear.

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GIVING VE NTILATIONS

Note: Size-up the scene for safety, then perform a primary assessment. Alwselect the properly sized mask for the victim.

If the victim is not breathing but has a pulse:

POSITION AND SEAL THE

RESUSCITATION MASK

OPEN THE AIRWAY AND BLOW

INTO THE MASK

For an adult, give 1ventilationabout every 5seconds.

For a child or an infant, give1ventilation about every 3seconds.

Each ventilation should last about

1second and make the chest clearlyrise. The chest should fall beforethe next ventilation is given.

RECHECK FOR BREATHING AND A PULSE ABOUT

EVERY 2MINUTES

Remove the mask, then look, listen and feel for breathing and check for a pufor no more than 10seconds.


If unconscious but breathing, place in a recovery position.

If unconscious and no breathing but there is a pulse, continue giving ventilat

If unconscious and no breathing or pulse, begin CPR.

If the chest does not clearly rise, provide care for an unconscious choking vic

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CONSCIOUS CHOKINGADULT AND CHI LD

Notes: Size-up the scene for safety, obtain consent and summon more advanced medical

personnel.For a child, stand or kneel behind the child, depending on the childssize. Use less force on a child than you would on an adult.

If the victim cannot cough, speak or breathe:

GIVE 5BACK BLOWS

Place one arm across the chest andbend the victim forward at the waist.

Firmly strike the victim between theshoulder blades with the heel of your hand.

GIVE 5ABDOMINAL THRUSTS

Place the thumb side of your fistagainst the middle of the victims

abdomen, just above the navel.Grab your fist and give quick, upwardthrusts.

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Continue giving 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until:

The object is forced out.

The victim begins to cough forcefully or breathe.

The victim becomes unconscious.

If the victim becomes unconscious:

Carefully lower the victim to the ground and provide care for an unconscious chvictim.

Note:Some conscious choking victims, including those too large to reach yarms around and those who are obviously pregnant or known to be pregnan

may require chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts.


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Note:Size-up the scene for safety, obtain consent and summon more advancedmedical personnel.

If the infant cannot cough, cry or breathe:

CONSCIOUS CHOKI NGINFANT

CAREFULLY POSITION THE INFANT FACE-DOWN ALONG

YOUR FOREARM

Support the infants head and neck with your hand.Lower the infant onto your thigh, keeping the infants head lower than hisor her chest.

GIVE 5BACK BLOWS

Give firm back blows with the heel of yourhand between the infants shoulder blades.

POSITION THE INFANT FACE-UPALONG YOUR FOREARM

Position the infant between both of yourforearms, supporting the infants headand neck.

Turn the infant face-up.

Lower the infant onto your thigh with theinfants head lower than his or her chest.

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GIVE 5CHEST THRUSTS

Put two or three fingers on the center of thechest just below the nipple line and compressthe chest about 1inches.

Continue giving 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until:The object is forced out.

The infant begins to cough forcefully, cry or breathe.

The infant becomes unconscious.

If the infant becomes unconscious:

Carefully lower the infant to the ground and provide care for an unconsciouschoking infant.

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UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING

Notes:

Size-up the scene for safety and then perform a primary assessment.

Ensure that the victim is on a firm, flat surface, such as the floor or a table.

If a ventilation attempt does not make the chest clearly rise:

RETILT THE HEAD AND GIVE ANOTHER VENTILATION

IF THE CHEST STILL DOES NOTCLEARLY RISE, GIVE 30CHEST

COMPRESSIONS

Note:Remove the resuscitation mask when giving chest compressions.

LOOK FOR AN OBJECT INSIDE THE MOUTH

Grasp the tongue and lower jaw between your thumb and fingers and lift the jaw.

IF YOU SEE AN OBJECT,

REMOVE IT

Slide your finger along the inside of thecheek, using a hooking motion.

For an infant, use your littlefinger.

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GIVE 2VENTILATIONS


If the ventilations still do not make the chest clearly rise, repeat steps 25.

If the ventilations make the chest clearly rise, check for breathing and a pulsefor no more than 10seconds.

If unconscious but breathing, place in a recovery position.

If unconscious and no breathing but there is a pulse, give ventilations.

If unconscious and no breathing or pulse, begin CPR.

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Notes:

Size-up the scene for safety, then per form a primary assessment.


If the victim is not breathing and has no pulse:

CPR

GIVE 30CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Push hard, push fast.

Compress the center of the chest atleast 2inches for an adult, about2inches for a child and about1inches for an infant at a rateof at least 100per minute.

Let the chest rise completelybefore pushing down again.

Note: Counting out loud or to yourself helps keep an even pace.

GIVE 2VENTILATIONS

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PERFORM CYCLES OF 30CHEST COMPRESSIONS

AND 2VENTILATIONS

Do not stop CPR except in one of these situations:

You see an obvious sign of life, such as breathing.

An AED is ready to use.

Another trained rescuer takes over.

More advanced medical personnel take over.

You are presented with a valid Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order.

You are too exhausted to continue.

The scene becomes unsafe.

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Notes:Size-up the scene for safety, then perform a primary assessment.



TWO-RESCUER CPR

RESCUER 1 FINDS THE

CORRECT HAND POSITION TOGIVE CHEST COMPRESSIONS

For an adult or a child, place two handsin the center of the chest.

For an infant, use the two thumbs-encirclingtechnique on the infants chest.

Place thumbs next to each otheron the center of the chest justbelow the nipple line.

Place both hands underneath theinfants back and support the infantsback with your fingers.

Ensure that your hands do not compressor squeeze the side of the ribs.

If available, place a towel or padding

underneath the infants shouldersto help maintain the headin the neutral position.

RESCUER 1 GIVES CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Push hard, push fast.

Compress the center of the chest at least 2inches for an adult, about 2inchesfor a child and about 1inches for an infant at a rate of at least 100per minute.

For an adult, give 30chest compressions. For a child or an infant, give 15chestcompressions.

RESCUER 2 GIVES

2VENTILATIONS

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RESCUERS CHANGE POSITIONS

ABOUT EVERY 2MINUTES

Rescuer 1 calls for a position changeby using the word Change at theend of the last compression cycle:

For an adult, use the word Changein place of the word 30.

For a child or an infant, use the wordchange in place of the word 15.

Rescuer 2 gives 2ventilations.

Rescuer 1 quickly moves to the victims head with his or her own maskwhile Rescuer 2 quickly moves into position at the victims chest.

Changing positions should take less than 5seconds.

RESCUER 2 BEGINS CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Rescuers 1 and 2 continue cycles of chest compressions and ventilations.

Do not stop CPR except in one of these situations:

You see an obvious sign of life, such as breathing.

An AED is ready to use.

Another trained rescuer takes over.

More advanced medical personnel take over.

You are presented with a valid DNR order.

You are too exhausted to continue.

The scene becomes unsafe.

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USING AN AED

Note: Size-up the scene for safety, then perform a primary assessment.


TURN ON THE AED AND FOLLOW THE VOICE

AND/OR VISUAL PROMPTS

WIPE THE VICTIMS BARE CHEST DRY

ATTACH THE AED PADS TO THE

VICTIMS BARE, DRY CHEST

Place one pad on the upper right sideof the victims chest and the otherpad on the left side of the chest.

For a child or an infant, use pediatric AEDpads if available. If the pads risk touchingeach other, place one pad in the middleof the chest and the other on the back,between the shoulder blades.

PLUG IN THE CONNECTOR, IF NECESSARY

STAND CLEAR

Make sure no one, including you,is touching the victim.

Say, Everyone, stand clear!

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ANALYZE THE HEART RHYTHM

Push the Analyze button, if necessary. Let the AED analyze the heart rhythm

DELIVER A SHOCK OR

PERFORM CPR BASED ON

THE AED RECOMMENDATION

If a shock is advised:

Make sure no one, includingyou, is touching the victim.

Say, Everyone, stand clear!

Deliver the shock by pushing the Shock button, if necessary.

After delivering the shock, performabout 2minutes of CPR.

Continue to follow the prompts of the AED.

If no shock is advised:

Perform about 2minutes of CPR.

Continue to follow the prompts of the AED.

Notes:If at any time you notice an obvious sign of life, such as breathing, stop CPR anmonitor the victims condition.

If two trained rescuers are present, one should perform CPR while the secondrescuer operates the AED.

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SECTION2 - Skill Sheets | 21

REMOVING DISPOSABLE GLOVES

Note: To remove gloves without spreading germs, never touch your bare skinwith the outside of either glove.

PINCH GLOVE

Pinch the palm side of one glove near yourwrist. Carefully pull the glove off so that it isinside out.

SLIP TWO FINGERS

UNDER GLOVE

Hold the glove in the palm of your gloved hand.Slip two fingers under the glove at the wrist ofthe remaining gloved hand.

PULL GLOVE OFF

Pull the glove until it comes off, inside out. Thefirst glove should end up inside the glove you

just removed.

DISPOSE OF GLOVES AND WASH HANDS

After removing the gloves:Dispose of gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) in a properbiohazard container.

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and running water, if available.Otherwise, rub hands thoroughly with an alcohol-based hand sanitizerif hands are not visibly soiled.

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AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL PERSON:

COVER THE WOUNDCover the wound with a sterile dressing.

APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE

UNTIL BLEEDING STOPS

COVER THE DRESSING

WITH BANDAGECheck for circulation beyond the injury

(check for feeling, warmth and color).

APPLY MORE PRESSURE AND CALL 9-1-1If the bleeding does not stop:

Apply more dressings and bandages.

Continue to apply additional pressure.

Take steps to minimize shock.

CALL9-1-1or the local emergency number if not already done.

TIP: Wash hands with soap and water after giving care.

CONTROLLING

EXTERNAL BLEEDING

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REMOVE FROM SOURCE OF BURNCOOL THE BURN

Cool the burn with cold running water at least

until pain is relieved.

COVER LOOSELY WITH

STERILE DRESSING

CALL 9-1-1

CALL9-1-1or the local emergency number if the burn is severe or otherlife-threatening conditions are found.

CARE FOR SHOCK

BURNS

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THINK F.A.S.T.Face Ask the person to smile.

Does one side of face droop?Arm Ask the person to raise both arms.

Does one arm drift downward?

Speech Ask the person to repeat a simplesentence (such as, The sky is

blue.). Is the speech slurred?Can the person repeat the sentence

correctly?

Time CALL 9-1-1immediately if yousee any signals of a stroke. Try to

determine the time when signals firstappeared. Note the time of onset of

signals and report it to the call takeror EMS personnel when they arrive.

PROVIDE CARE

Give CAREbased on the conditions found.

STROKE

FOR A STROKE, THINK F.A.S.T.

PANEL12 Copyright 2011 by The American NaS


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POISONING

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED CHILD OR INFANT:

CALL 9-1-1OR POISON CONTROL HOTLINEFor life-threatening conditions (such as if the child or infant is unconscious or is notbreathing or if a change in the level of consciousness occurs), CALL9-1-1or the

local emergency number. OR

If conscious and alert, CALLthe National Poison Control Center (PCC) hotline at1-800-222-1222 and follow the advice given.

PROVIDE CAREGive CAREbased on the conditions found.

SEIZURE

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED CHILD OR INFANT:

CALL OR HAVE SOMEONE CALL 9-1-1REMOVE NEARBY OBJECTS

DO NOT hold or restrain the child or infant.

DO NOT place anything between the teeth or in the mouth.

AFTER SEIZURE PASSESMonitor breathing and for changes in condition.WHAT TO DO NEXT

Comfort and reassure the child or infant. Iffluids or vomit are present, roll the child orinfant to one side to keep the airway clear.

Provide CAREbased on conditions found.

PANEL12 Copyright 2011 by The American National Red CrossStock No. 656733


CALL 9-1-1OR POISON CONTROL HOTLINEFor life-threatening conditions (such as if the person is unconscious or is not breor if a change in the level of consciousness occurs), CALL9-1-1or the local emnumber.

OR

If the person is conscious and alert, CALLthe National Poison Control Centehotline at 1-800-222-1222and follow the advice given.

PROVIDE CARE

Give CAREbased on the conditions found.

POISONING


CALL 9-1-1OR THE LOCAL EMERGENCY NUMBERMINIMIZE MOVEMENT

Minimize movement of the head,neck and spine.

STABILIZE HEAD

Manually stabilize the head in the position in which it was found.

Provide support by placing your hands on both sides of the persons head

If head is sharply turned to one side, DO NOTmove it.

HEAD, NECK ORSPINAL INJURIES

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