fast timing workshop · 2012. 1. 21. · top counter for belle-ii experiment tof + rich technique....
TRANSCRIPT
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Fast Timing WorkshopKrakow, Nov 29 Dec 1st 2010
Part 2c
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Robert Abrams,
Fast TOF for Muon Cooling Experiments
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Robert Abrams
Founded for the realization of a muon collider
Funded mainly by DOE SBIR awards (partners include FNAL, Jefferson Lab,
North Illinois U, U of Chicago, IIT, ODU, …)
Currently doing R&D on various aspects of muon collider technology Cooling channel design Associated magnet technology Associated RF technology Related testing and measurements, including using fast TOF technique to
improve cooling measurements
Currently Muons, Inc. has a Phase I SBIR with Henry Frisch to use LAPPD counters (prototypes?) in muon cooling experiments and to explore TOF spectrometer applications
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Robert Abrams
MANX (Muon collider And Neutrino factory eXperiment) aims at proving that six dimensional muon beam cooling can be achieved in a Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) using ionizationcooling with helical and solenoidal magnets.
The aim is to demonstrate that 6D muoncooling is understood well enough to plan intense neutrino factories and high luminosity muon colliders.
MANX channel gives emittance reduction of ~factor of 2.
New, fast TOF counters (TF0, TF1, TF4) as in MICE layoutWith TF2 and TF3 may replace solenoidal spectrometers and use TF1TF2 and TF3TF4 to measure momenta.
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Resolution Improvement Example
Predicted Pz Resolutions for the MICE experiment, based on the MICE solenoidal spectrometer, and for fast TOF measurements 5 ps and 10 ps resolutions, (a) as a function of Pz and (b) as a function of Pt.
12/01/2010 5Fast Timing WorkshopCrakow RJA
Emittance reduction illustration
Robert Abrams
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Helical Cooling Channel (3.2m Long)
12/01/2010 Fast Timing WorkshopCrakow RJA 6
Coil Design Trajectories
Path lengths along channel Traversal time vs Momentum
∆t ~ 50psper MeV/c
Robert Abrams
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Evolution to Long Cooling Channel(Need RF to restore lost PLongit )
12/01/2010 Fast Timing WorkshopCrakow RJA 7
Helical Solenoid with RF cavitiesbetween coils
Single cavityand coils detail
Assembly model
Robert Abrams
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Fast TOF counters can improve muon cooling measurements
Muon cooling experiments can be useful for testing several panels of LAPPD modules.
Currently doing simulations of fast TOF for muon cooling experiments
Robert Abrams Summary
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Christophe RoyonThe ATLAS Forward Physics project
(AFP)
12/01/2010 Fast Timing WorkshopCrakow RJA 9
Contents:
• What is diffraction (the example of HERA)
• Diffractive Higgs production at the LHC
• Anomalous W couplings at the LHCγ
• ATLAS Forward Physics (AFP) project
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Christophe Royon
12/01/2010 Fast Timing WorkshopCrakow RJA 10
Diffraction: No energy in the forward region: protons intact after interaction
Scattered at very small angles, possibility to tag them in detectors located very far away from the interaction point
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
Timing measurements: Gastof Timing resolution of 10− 5 ps using gas based detectors (Louvain) Inconvenient no space resolution
Timing detectors: Quartic Timing resolution of 30 − 40 ps per bar using quartz detector (Louvain, UTA,Alberta, Fermilab, Brookhaven, Chicago, Stony Brook, Saclay, Orsay)
Why do we need timing detectors?
Find the events where protons are related to Higgs production and not to another soft event (up to 35 events occuring at the same time at the LHC!!!!)
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Christophe Royon
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Jim PinfoldThe AFP QUARTIC Fast Timing System AFP QUARTIC Fast Timing System
(2)(2)University of Alberta, University of Texas at Arlington, University of Giessen, SUNY StoneybrookThe
The end result: 20ps system at an instantaneous luminosity of 1033 built and installed by mid/late 2012
Second stage: 10 ps or better resolutionat an instantaneous luminosity of 1034 built and installed by 2015.
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Jim Pinfold
Each QUARTIC detector is 4 rows of 8 5mm x 5mm x ≤ ~10 cm long fused silica bars (end2end =16 measurements) allowing up to a 4fold improvement / single bar
An array of bars is mounted at the Cerenkov angle to minimize the # reflections as the light propagates to the MCPPMT.
This arrangement is intrinsically rad hard
AFP has been concentrating on developing this detector including the full electronics chain
Testing fibers vs quartz bars
− B Better timing resolutions
Flexible mapping onto the MCPPMTs
Test Fibers vs Quartz Bars: better timing, flexiblemapping onto NCPs
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Laser Facility Test Results
If NPE x Gain ≥ 5 x 105 then timing independent of HV/gain
With sufficient amplification there is no dependence of timing on gain
Saturation (the reduction in amp). of the output signal due to the busy pores is a local phenomena
Timing vs. Gain
Jim Pinfold
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26
Jim Pinfold
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Crosstalk ResultsTested a prototype Burle Planacon tube using variable length fibers
Examined both row and column effect of spillover signal 100, 250 and 500 ps before the target pulse
About 10% of the pulse is detected in adjacent, empty pixels
Data shows that early light is not significantly affected by later light
Later light mean time shifted, but not totally dominated by the early pulse
Late time measurement degrades significantly as Δt increases
Exploring ways to reduce this effect
Jim Pinfold
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Timing – CERN TestBeam 2008
Dt56.6/1.4=40 ps/Bar including CFD!
Time difference between two 9 cm quartz bars after the CFD implies a single bar resolution of 40 ps for about 10 PE’s (expected 10 PE’s from simulations)
Npe =(area/rms)2
28
2 21 2 1
1
( ) ( ) 2
so if 1 2 then / 2
t t t t
t t
δ δ δ δ
δ δ
= + =
= =
Jim Pinfold
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Fermilab Test Beam
• November 1723
• Fermilab (Albrow, Ronzhin, Zatserklyaniy) concentraing on siPM
• UTA (Brandt, Hall, Howley, Lim) +Alberta (Liu) concentrating on Quartic, full chain AFP electronics test
Jim Pinfold
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A. Rhonzhin SiPMs
2 x2 mmTrigger Scint
Use SiPM as reference timing for evaluating Quartic
Jim Pinfold
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Next...Pursue the development of a tube with at least ~20 times longer lifetime, the avenues of improvement are:
Including an ion barrier (Nagoya solution) – giving a factor of
5 6 or more (latest SL10 results?)
Z stack design gives a factor of ~10 improvement (NIM A598,160,09)
Arradiance coated MCP’s: promises a factor of 10 or more lifetime improvement.
UTA have a funded Small Business Proposal with Arradiance and Photonis (starting Jan. 2011) to develop a long life MCPPMT using Arradiance coated MCP's
Various combinations of these factors are possible and should give multiplicative improvement factors improvement factors
Jim Pinfold
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Lifetime of Hamamatsu (HPK) Square-shape MCP-PMT
T. Mori (Nagoya University)
On behalf of Belle II PID group
~O(1m)
Belle II
Time Of Flight important for Particle ID
RICH + TOF technique
Cherenkov radiator + time sensitive screen
Position (x, y) (RICH) ⇒ Position + time (x, t)
πK
⊿t ~ O(100ps)
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Square-shape MCP-PMT
T. Mori (Nagoya University) On behalf of Belle II PID group
MCPPMT Requirements:
TTS : < 50psGain : 1.0×106
Single photon detectionEnough statistics for TTS
QE : >20%@ =400nmλAvailable in B field
MCPPMT chosen
11mmφ 27.5mm
27.5mm
Ordinary cylindrical MCPPMT
SquareMCPPMT
Codevelopment withHamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Catalog spec
Photo-cathode Multi-alkali / Super bi-alkali
MCP Channel φ 10μm
MCP bias angle 13°
MCP thickness 400μm
MCP layers 2
Al protection layer On 2nd MCP
Anode channels 1×4 / 4×4
Sensitive region 64%
HV ~ 3000 – 3500 V
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All requirements satisfied
Remaining factor: stability
(Lifetime) in high photon rate
~7x1012 photons/cm2/year
~0.17 C/cm2/year
Estimated with TOF trigger hit rate
Cylindrical type: enough lifetime
TDC [25ps]
Num
ber of events
tts = 40 [ps]σ
ADC [0.25pC]
Num
ber of events
Pedestal
G ~ 106
T. Mori (Nagoya University) On behalf of Belle II PID group
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T. Mori (Nagoya University) On behalf of Belle II PID group
Cylindrical
Previous
SL10
Results: QE
QE difference
SL10
Cylindrical
Lifetime
QE degradation: predominant factor
Gain: linearly decrease; still OK for single photon detection & TTS
TTS: Stability confirmed
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T. Mori (Nagoya University) On behalf of Belle II PID group
Increase in work function dominates
Wave length [nm]
QE
[%]
Before aging
After aging
Work function
A(t)/A(t=0) 0.98±0.04 ⊿ φ0.27±0.07eV φ1.56±0.13eV
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QE Variation: PositionQE before aging
x [mm]
y [mm
]
QE after aging
y [mm
]
x [mm]
Surrounding part: large QE drop: outgassing
- No more Ion feedback (from tests with mask), thanks to Al layer
- Residual O2, CO2, H2O. Cs oxydation, increase in work function
x
y
1
16
T. Mori (Nagoya University) On behalf of Belle II PID group
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Separate space to PC-side & anode-side
Limit outgassing
WindowPC
1st MCP
2nd MCPAnode
CeramicinsulatorCeramic
insulator
Alfilm
T. Mori (Nagoya University) On behalf of Belle II PID group
Aftermodification
Before modification
Relative Q
E
Output charge [C/cm2]0 101
Time in Belle II experiment [year]
2.5 [C/cm2] for relative QE 80%
1.2×1014 [photons/cm2]
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Summary
TOP counter for Belle-II experiment
TOF + RICH technique. TTS & Nphotons are important
Square shape MCP-PMT (SL10) developed for TOP
Satisfies required performance (TTS, gain)
Lifetime of QE in high photon rate
Possible cause of QE drop: Neutral gas (CO2 & H2O)
Improvement of inner structure against gas damage
Separate space to PC-side & anode-side by ceramic insulator
Low outgassing MCP
2.5C/cm2 for relative QE 80% achieve > 10 years under ~7×1012 photons/year/cm2
T. Mori (Nagoya University) On behalf of Belle II PID group
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
Simulation with and without TOF
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
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Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)
NDR:
Were the tests done with SL10 MCPPMT (see slide #43 & 45) ?