fat and ntfs
TRANSCRIPT
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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH
WHO IS MOST BENIFICIENT AND
MERCIFUL.
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Group Group membersmembers
•ALI Roll no#12•Mubeen Roll no#02•Meemona Roll no#22•Hira Roll no#32
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Topic
•FAT and• NTFS
Filing systems
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SOME IMPORTANT TERMS TO BE REMBERERD
•File•Directory•Sector•cluster
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FILE
“A collection of related facts with particular name and comprises some additional attributes”
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•Application file
Files for OS are Application files
•Data File
Files for users are data files
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Directory
A file having a collection of files is called directory.
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Root Directory
The first directory on computer’s hard disk is called root directory
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Cluster and sector
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FAT
•Fat 12•Fat 16•Vfat
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Coded and designed by Bill Gates in 1976 for floppy disks.
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Integrated by Tim Paterson for INTEL 8086 Bill Gates again coded for DOS.
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FAT provides
CHKDSK or SCANDISK utility.
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Waste of memory
Increasing size increases sector size
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Small file name
•8 bit for name and 3 bit for extension
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FAT 12
•First version•For floppy disks5.25” single sided disk•Having 40 tracks.•Each track has 8 sectors.•For Up to 32MB of memory
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•Cluster address 12 bit long
•Does not support hierarchical directories
•Sector size 16 bit
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FAT 16
•Introduce in 1987 in Compaq DOS3.31.
•Sector size was reduced to 8 bits.
•Memory increased up to 2 Gigabytes.
•Windows 98 supported reading and writing.
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VFAT.
•Introduced by Windows 95.
•Extension of FAT 16 and FAT 12.
•Long file names.
•Additional directory blocks to hold large names.
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FAT 32
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FAT 32
•Introduced by Windows 95-B andWindows 98.
•Expansion of previous FAT systems.
•It can handle large volume storage drives up to 2 Terabyte.
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•robustness
•Single point failure can not fail
whole system it has a back up copy
to relocate the root directory
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Efficient use of memory
• More efficient use of memory than FAT16.
• Less slack space increased efficiency more than 15% than FAT 16.
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•Cluster size was 4 KB instead of 64KB
It was because
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Still some draw backs.
•Its Compatibility, it supports only MS operating systems
•compatibility
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•No Naïve level security available in FAT32.
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•Performance varies with application
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NTFS
New technology file system.
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history
•In the mid of 1980s IBM and Microsoft joined to makeNext generation Operating system.
•The result was OS/2.
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Unfortunately this operating system was not so successful because of because of marketing and support issue.
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•Microsoft separated and started to work on windows on Windows NT.
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•They borrowed basic naïve file
concepts from OS/2 in creating NTFS
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Plus points of NTFS
•It allows to vary the
cluster size despite of fix
in HPRS that was 512 byte .
•Flexible cluster size
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It also supports clusters
more than one sectors
which increased the
performance a little.
•More sectors in one cluster
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•Reliability
It can recover from problem without data loss.
That’s why more reliable than FATs
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•Security and access control.
•Major weakness in FAT 32 was security issue
•NTFS provided access control and security which supports Application and networking.
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Storage efficiency
Due to minimum slack, memory utilization was maximum.
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•Long file name
It supports the long
File names up to 255 characters.
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•Supported very large volumes
It removed the limitations onDisks size which were in FAT filling systems
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•Networking
Windows NT give a lot of facilities For networking.
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Partition structure•NTFS has no anomalies in
•its strucure,4KB of cluster size was considered ideal.
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MFT
File storage
space
File storage space
Copy of MFT
MFT zone User zone
12% 88%
Storage anatomy
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Meta files
The first 16 NTFS files are system files.The meta file area is in the NTFS disk root Directory, they start with “$”.it is difficult to get info about them.
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Draw backs of NTFS
•Does not support less than 400MB.
•Does not format floppy disk
•No built in encryption available
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THANK YOU