fata urban centers project (fucp) structure planning for ghalanai (mohmand agency) final structure...
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Tribal Areas Rural-to-Urban Centres
Conversion Initiative (TARUCCI)
FATA URBAN CENTERS PROJECT (FUCP) Structure Planning For Ghalanai
(Mohmand Agency)
FINAL STRUCTURE PLAN September, 2015
CREATIVE ENGINEERING
CONSULTANTS 60-Street 3, E1, Phase 1
Hayatabad Peshawar Telephone# 091-5822184
Cell# 03005863060 EMail: [email protected]
IZHAR & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING
160-Cavalry Ground, Street 4, Lahore Cantt
Telephone# 042-36686449 Cell# 0321-4469322
EMail: [email protected]
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................. I LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................... V LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ V LIST OF MAPS ..................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF GRAPHS ................................................................................................................................. VI
1. PREFACE........................................................................................................................................... 1
2. METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 DIGITISED BASE MAPS ..................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 EXISTING SITUATION REPORT .......................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Primary Data Collection ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Secondary Data Collection .................................................................................................. 5
2.3 DRAFT STRUCTURE PLAN ................................................................................................................ 7 2.4 FINAL STRUCTURE PLAN .................................................................................................................. 7
PART A: EXISTING SITUATION ...................................................................................................... 8
3. HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ................................................................................................................. 9
3.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 SAMPLE SIZE AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 9 3.3 SURVEY FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1 Household Sizes ................................................................................................................. 10 3.3.2 Age-Sex Composition ........................................................................................................ 10 3.3.3 Sources of Drinking Water ................................................................................................ 11 3.3.4 Sanitation: Disposal of Human Waste .............................................................................. 12 3.3.5 Drainage ............................................................................................................................. 12 3.3.6 Solid Waste Collection ....................................................................................................... 13 3.3.7 Housing .............................................................................................................................. 13 3.3.8 Earning Members and Income Levels .............................................................................. 14 3.3.9 Priority Problems ............................................................................................................... 15
4 GROUP INTERVIEWS ............................................................................................................. 16
5 LANDUSE SURVEYS ...................................................................................................................... 17
5.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................. 17 5.2 LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN GHALANAI ...................................................................................... 17
5.2.1 Built-Up Vs. Open Area ..................................................................................................... 17 5.2.2 Landuse Distribution in Built-Up Area .............................................................................. 18 5.2.3 Landuse Distribution in Open Area .................................................................................. 19
5.3 SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE LANDUSE PATTERN ........................................................................... 23
6 COMMERCIAL SURVEYS .............................................................................................................. 23
7 OTHER LANDUSES ........................................................................................................................ 24
7.1 RESIDENTIAL AREAS ...................................................................................................................... 24 7.2 AGENCY HEADQUARTER HOSPITAL ............................................................................................... 25 7.3 TRANSPORT TERMINAL ................................................................................................................. 27
8 INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES ................................................................................................... 29
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8.1 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION: ............................................................................................ 29 8.1.1 Roads.................................................................................................................................. 29 8.1.2 Streets and Drains:............................................................................................................ 33 8.1.3 Telephone and Postal Services:........................................................................................ 34
8.2 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ................................................................................................. 37 8.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................... 43 8.4 ELECTRICITY .................................................................................................................................. 46 8.5PUBLIC LATRINES/PARKS/CULTURAL AND SPORTS FACILITIES: ........................................................ 49
PART B: STRUCTURE PLAN FOR GHALANAI ............................................................................. 50
9 LOCATION AND LINKAGES ................................................................................................... 51
10 GHALANAI IN REGIONAL CONTEXT ................................................................................... 51
10.1 MOHMAND AGENCY ................................................................................................................... 51 10.2 ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY ......................................................................................................... 53
10.2.1 Trade ................................................................................................................................ 53 10.2.2 Minerals ............................................................................................................................ 53 10.2.3 Agriculture........................................................................................................................ 54 10.2.4 Tourism Potential ............................................................................................................ 54
10.3 SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN MOHMAND AGENCY ........................................................................... 55 10.3.1 Number and Hierarchy of Settlements........................................................................... 55 10.3.2 Emerging Development Corridor in Mohmand Agency ................................................. 59
11 GHALANAI BOUNDARIES ...................................................................................................... 60
11.1 THE NOTIFIED BOUNDARY ........................................................................................................... 60 11.2 THE URBAN BOUNDARY .............................................................................................................. 61
12 ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS .................................... 64
12.1CURRENT POPULATION (2015) ..................................................................................................... 64 12.1.1 Population Estimates Using Domestic Electricity Connections ..................................... 65 12.1.2 Population Estimates through House Count on GIS Map ............................................. 65 12.1.3 Population Estimates through Landuse Map ................................................................. 65 12.1.4 Summary of Population Estimates by Different Methods ............................................. 65 12.1.5 Implication of Military Operation on Population Flux .................................................... 66
12.2 POPULATION FORECASTS (2035) ................................................................................................. 66 12.2.1 Extent of Future Population Growth (2015-2035)......................................................... 67 12.2.2 Extent of Future Land Requirements in Urban Area ..................................................... 68
12.3 LANDUSE ZONING ....................................................................................................................... 69 12.3.1 Zone 1 – Civic Zone......................................................................................................... 70 12.3.2 Zone 2 & 3 - Peripheral Localities/Villages .................................................................... 70 12.3.3 Zone 4 – Proposed Mixed Landuse Zone ....................................................................... 71
12.4 ENFORCEMENT OF LANDUSE ZONING ......................................................................................... 71 12.5 STRUCTURE PLANNING SCENARIOS ............................................................................................. 74
12.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 74 12.5.2 Scenario A: laissez–faire Strategy .................................................................................. 74 12.5.3 Scenario B: Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis ...................................................................... 75 12.5.4 Scenario C: Yousaf Khel Option...................................................................................... 75 12.5.5 Preferred Scenario ........................................................................................................... 78
12.6 PROPOSED LANDUSES IN ‘SRA GHUNDAI-SHANI KHEL’ AXIS ......................................................... 78
13 INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ............................................................................................. 80
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13.1 TRANSPORTATION ...................................................................................................................... 80 13.1.1 Roads ............................................................................................................................... 80 13.1.2 Bus Terminal/ Adda ......................................................................................................... 82
13.2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................... 82 13.2.1 Quantity of Water Supplied ............................................................................................ 85 13.2.3 Drinking Water Needs ..................................................................................................... 85
13.3 STREETS/DRAINS AND SANITATION: ............................................................................................ 86 13.4 TELEPHONE/ POSTAL SERVICES ................................................................................................... 88 13.5 SEWERAGE SYSTEM .................................................................................................................... 88 13.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................... 88 13.7 POWER SUPPLY........................................................................................................................... 89 13.8 SPORTS AND RECREATION........................................................................................................... 89 13.9 LONG TERM PROJECTS ................................................................................................................ 89 13.10 SHORT TERM PROJECTS (IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN).................................................................. 90
14 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................ 91
15 REVENUE GENERATION ............................................................................................................ 92
ANNEXURES ....................................................................................................................................... 94
ANNEXURE 1: PROJECTED POPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL VILLAGES & URBAN UNITS OF MOHMAND AGENCY IN 2014-15 . 95 ANNEXURE 2: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................................................... 106 ANNEXURE 3: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA .................................................................................................. 116 ANNEXURE 4: OFFICIAL NOTIFICATION FOR DELIMITATION OF URBAN BOUNDARIES, GHALANAI ............................... 126 ANNEXURE 5: WATER QUALITY TEST RESULTS ............................................................................................. 128 ANNEXURE 6: GHALANAI INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .............................................................................. 131 ANNEXURE 7: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN MEETING OF GHALANAI RESIDENTS ........................................................ 143 ANNEXURE 8: SUGGESTIONS FROM WIDER STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION WORKSHOP, AUGUST 28, 2015 .............. 145
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List of Abbreviations
CEC Creative Engineering Consultants CVSP Conflict Victims Support Project DLG&RD Directorate of Local Government & Rural Development
EOI Expression of Interest FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas FC Frontier Constabulary
FCR Frontier Crimes Regulations FRs Frontier Regions
FUCP FATA Urban Centres Project GSP Governance Support Project HH Household
IAC Izhar& Associates Consulting JV Joint Venture MCC Manual Classified Count
PMU Project Management Unit P&DD Planning & Development Department PPC Pakistan Panel Code
R Coefficient of Correlation TARUCCI Tribal Areas Rural To Urban Centres Conversion Initiative TOR Terms of Reference
WFP World Food Program
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List of Tables
TABLE 1: URBAN CENTRES PROPOSED UNDER TARUCCI ........................................................................................ 2 TABLE 2: STATUS OF PROJECT DELIVERABLES........................................................................................................ 2 TABLE 3: REASONS FOR DISSATISFACTION WITH DRINKING WATER .......................................................................... 12 TABLE 4: MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME ......................................................................................................... 14 TABLE 5: PRIORITIES PERCEIVED BY DIFFERENT GROUPS INTERVIEWED ..................................................................... 16 TABLE 6: LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN BUILT-UP AREA ........................................................................................... 18 TABLE 7: LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN OPEN AREA(FALLING IN URBAN AREA) .............................................................. 19 TABLE 8: SHOP CATEGORIES .......................................................................................................................... 23 TABLE 9: OPD COUNT IN AHQ HOSPITAL GHALANAI - 2013 ................................................................................ 26 TABLE 10: SUMMARY OF DAILY NUMBER OF VEHICLES TO & FROM GHALANAI .......................................................... 27 TABLE 11: DETAILS OF PASSENGERS & GOODS TO & FROM GHALANAI .................................................................... 28 TABLE 12: DAILY TRAFFIC COUNT (BOTH WAYS) ON YAKA GHUND – GAT ROAD (8 AM TO 6 PM) ................................. 31 TABLE 13: ROAD NETWORK WITHIN URBAN BOUNDARY ....................................................................................... 31 TABLE 14: EXISTING WATER SUPPLY NETWORK .................................................................................................. 39 TABLE 15: WATER STORAGE POINTS AND CAPACITY ............................................................................................ 39 TABLE 16: POWER DATA OF GHALANAI ............................................................................................................ 46 TABLE 17: SUMMARY OF TOURISM FACILITIES AT POTENTIAL SITES IN MOHMAND AGENCY ........................................... 55 TABLE 18: NUMBER OF SETTLEMENTS IN MOHMAND AGENCY ............................................................................... 57 TABLE 19: SETTLEMENTS ABOVE 3,000 POPULATION IN TEHSIL HALIM ZAI ............................................................... 58 TABLE 20: SETTLEMENTS FALLING IN NOTIFIED AND URBAN AREA ........................................................................... 62 TABLE 21: SUMMARY OF POPULATION STATEMENT BY DIFFERENT METHODS ............................................................ 65 TABLE 22: POPULATION FORECASTS (2015-2035) ............................................................................................. 67 TABLE 23: EXTENT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON 5-YEARLY BASIS .......................................................................... 68 TABLE 24: FUTURE LAND REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 69 TABLE 25: LANDUSES PERMITTED/PERMITTED ON APPEAL IN DIFFERENT ZONES ......................................................... 72 TABLE 26: COMPARISON OF GROWTH SCENARIOS ............................................................................................... 78 TABLE 27: SPACE STANDARDS FOR PROPOSED LANDUSES...................................................................................... 79 TABLE 28: PRESENT ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ............................................................................................. 132 TABLE 29: DEPARTMENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES ............................................................. 133
List of Figures
FIGURE 1: PROCESS ADOPTED FOR PREPARATION OF DIGITIZED BASE MAP ................................................................. 4 FIGURE 2: UNPAVED TRACK AT KATAR.............................................................................................................. 30 FIGURE 3: UNPAVED TRACK AT DAWAT KORE .................................................................................................... 30 FIGURE 4: PAVED ROAD CHANDA .................................................................................................................... 30 FIGURE 5: PAVED ROAD WAZIR KALAY ............................................................................................................. 30 FIGURE 6: PAVED STREET AND DRAIN IN DAWAT KORE ......................................................................................... 33 FIGURE 7: PAVED STREET AND DRAIN IN WAZIR KALAY......................................................................................... 33 FIGURE 8: AN UNPAVED STREET AND DRAIN. ..................................................................................................... 34 FIGURE 9: ROADSIDE DRAIN ON YAKKA GHUND-GAT ROAD ................................................................................... 34 FIGURE 10: WATER SUPPLY MAIN FROM CHANDA BOOSTER ................................................................................. 38 FIGURE 11: WATER SUPPLY MAIN FROM MIAN MANDI ....................................................................................... 38 FIGURE 12: DRUMS FILLED FROM PRIVATE LOCAL WELL ....................................................................................... 38 FIGURE 13: MAIN FROM SOURCE AT MIAN MANDI ............................................................................................. 38 FIGURE 14: SOLAR WATER SUPPLY WELL AT MIAN MANDI .................................................................................... 39 FIGURE 15: SCHEMATIC DRAWING SHOWING WATER SYSTEM IN GHALANAI .............................................................. 40
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FIGURE 16: GARBAGE DUMP IN VILLAGE .......................................................................................................... 43 FIGURE 17: GARBAGE DUMP IN VILLAGE .......................................................................................................... 43 FIGURE 18: STADIUM IN GHALANAI ................................................................................................................. 49 FIGURE 19: CHILDREN PARK .......................................................................................................................... 49 FIGURE 20: VIEW OF PARK IN GHALLANAI COLONY .............................................................................................. 49
List of Maps
MAP 1: LOCATION MAP OF GHALANAI .............................................................................................................. 3 MAP 2: EXISTING LANDUSE MAP OF URBAN AREA .............................................................................................. 20 MAP 3: EXISTING LANDUSE MAP OF NOTIFIED AREA ........................................................................................... 22 MAP 4: EXISTING ROAD NETWORK IN GHALLANAI ............................................................................................... 32 MAP 5: EXISTING DRAINAGE & STREET NETWORK .............................................................................................. 35 MAP 6: TYPE OF DRAINAGE (% OF HOUSEHOLDS) .............................................................................................. 36 MAP 7: EXISTING WATER SUPPLY NETWORK..................................................................................................... 41 MAP 8: SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER (% OF HOUSEHOLDS) ............................................................................... 42 MAP 9: HUMAN WASTE DISPOSAL (% OF HOUSEHOLDS) ..................................................................................... 44 MAP 10: EXISTING SOLID WASTE DUMPS ........................................................................................................ 45 MAP 11: EXISTING HIGH TENSION LINE ........................................................................................................... 48 MAP 12:EMERGING DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS ................................................................................................ 60 MAP 13: URBAN BOUNDARIES ...................................................................................................................... 63 MAP 14: LANDUSE ZONES ............................................................................................................................ 73 MAP 15: LANDUSE STRATEGIES ..................................................................................................................... 77 MAP 16: PROPOSED ROAD PROJECTS ............................................................................................................. 81 MAP 17: PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER SUPPLY ..................................................................................... 84 MAP 18: PROPOSED DRAINAGE & STREET PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 87
List of Graphs
GRAPH 1: SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER ......................................................................................................... 11 GRAPH 2: INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN GHALANAI: LORENZ CURVE............................................................................. 15 GRAPH 3: BUILT-UP AREA VS. OPEN AREA ........................................................................................................ 18 GRAPH 4: LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN BUILT-UP AREA .......................................................................................... 21 GRAPH 5: EXISTING LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN OPEN AREA .................................................................................. 21 GRAPH 6: COMPOSITION OF SHOPS IN GHALANAI BAZAAR .................................................................................... 24 GRAPH 7: POPULATION-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF SETTLEMENTS (TEHSIL HALIM ZAI VS. MOHMAND AGENCY) ..................... 56 GRAPH 8: POPULATION FORECASTS (2015-2035).............................................................................................. 67 GRAPH 9: POPULATION INCREASE ON FIVE-YEARLY BASIS...................................................................................... 68
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1. PREFACE
Urbanisation in most cases cannot be stopped. Because of economies of scale, Cities keep on growing; they overgrow to an extent that diseconomies of scale begin to
accrue. These may be in form of pollution, traffic problems, congestion, dilapidated housing, overburdened infrastructure & municipal services, and so on. Karachi has over grown; and this is one of the reasons behind political turmoil there. It has roots in bad
or lack of planning, weak urban management, scarcity of municipal services and lop-sided income distribution, resulting in ethnic strives, social upheaval and law & order problems. In the first place, planners and administrators should be able to foresee this
and take mitigation measures. But when such a stage has been reached, planners are forced to think about urban decentralization, in terms of planning new satellite towns in the vicinity of mega city, or improving nearby existing small towns to make them more
livable, and hence attract people, reducing pressure on the mega city.
Here we are talking about decentralization. But the situation in tribal areas is quite different. The headquarters of all the seven agencies of FATA are predominantly rural in character; these need to be urbanised. This can be done only if all the urban
infrastructure, civic amenities, etc are provided. Cities are engines of growth. Ghalanai should serve as an urban area, and look like an urban area.
The project will contribute towards the implementation of the Tribal Areas Rural-to-Urban Centers Conversion Initiative (TARUCCI) for the 14 urban centers in FATA. Under the auspices of World Bank, TARUCCI Project is being implemented by Project
Management Unit (PMU), and FATA Secretariat’s Directorate of Local Government & Rural Development (LG&RD).
The TARUCCI program is a rational, long term strategy for fundamental social and economic transformation through the 14 urban centers in FATA, and has three Strategic objectives, which are to:
a. Enhance responsiveness and effectiveness of the state to restore citizen trust;
b. Stimulate employment and livelihood opportunities;
c. Ensure delivery of basic services.
The program is designed to set the stage for overall socio-economic development through a range of basic services to improve the quality of life in FATA, and takes into
account the potential of these towns to act as engines of socio-economic growth, and provide livelihood opportunities.
The TARUCCI Program is based on the recognition that any strategy to achieve lasting peace and cost effective sustainable development has to be based on encouraging
urbanization as a means of social transformation. It is based on the premise that the
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scattered settlement pattern in FATA is a key cause of poor service delivery, lack of accessibility, scarce livelihood opportunities, and inadequate security leading to
opportunities for militants to challenge the writ of the government. It therefore envisages focusing on the existing urban centers in FATA to enable provision of quality services, employment opportunities, and security.
Urban centers in FATA are already attracting rural population owing to better security, employment opportunities, and basic services. The TARUCCI program envisages
supporting their expansion and densification by improving access to planned housing, quality education and health care, municipal services, diverse economic opportunities
for trade and employment, recreation, and security. Once these 14 urban centers are developed, they are expected to reduce the sense of deprivation and despondency currently prevalent amongst the people of FATA. The selected urban centers under
TARUCCI Program are shown in Table-1 below:
Table 1: Urban Centres Proposed Under TARUCCI
S.No Urban Centre Agency S.No Urban Centre Agency
1 Khar Bajaur 8 Wana SWA
2 Ghalanay Mohmand 9 Sarwakai
3 Parachinar Kurram
10 Kalaya Orakzai
4 Sadda 11 Ghiljo
5 Miran Shah NWA 12 Darra Adam Khel FR Kohat
6 Mir Ali 13 Darazinda FR D.I.Khan
7 Landi Kotal Khyber 14 Jandola FR Tank
As per Agreement, the Project is to be accomplished in five deliverables by June 30, 2015. First four deliverables i.e. Inception Report, Base Map, Existing Situation Report
and Draft Structure Plan have already been submitted. The current document (Final Structure Plan) is the fifth and last of the five deliverables to be submitted sequentially. Summary of deliverables submitted and to be submitted is given in the Table-2.
Table 2: Status of Project Deliverables
S. No. Deliverables Status
1. Inception Report Submitted
2. Base Maps Submitted
3. Existing Situation Report Submitted
4. Draft Structure Plan Submitted
5. Final Structure Plan Under Submission
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Map 1: Location Map of Ghalanai
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2. METHODOLOGY
To initiate the process of structure planning for Ghalanai, the FATA Urban Centers
Project (FUCP) through a press notification invited Consultants to submit technical/financial proposals. Based on our proposal through open competition, CEC-IAC Consortium was selected and awarded the Project.
The primary objective of this consultancy, as specified in the Terms of Reference, is
to develop Spatial Plan for the future development of Ghalanai in Mohmand Agency, taking into account the projected population growth, possible economic development scenarios, the need to service existing and future development and other relevant
factors. The approach adopted by Consultants to complete the Assignment is elaborated
below:
2.1 DIGITISED BASE MAPS
For preparation of base maps, the Consultants acquired satellite images and digitized
them using GIS software (ArcGIS). The relevant data from Ground Topographic (GT) sheets was superimposed on the digitized map. Ground verification was then done using GPS. The Base Map was thus finalized.
Figure 1: Process Adopted for Preparation of Digitized Base Map
5. Finalization of Base Map
1. Acquisition of Satellite Imageries
2. Digitization
3. Superimposing relevent
data from GT Sheets
4. Field Verification/
Ground Truthing
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2.2 EXISTING SITUATION REPORT
Concurrently, work on preparation of Existing Situation Report was initiated, which
included collection of data from both primary and secondary sources.
2.2.1 Primary Data Collection
For primary data collection, the following surveys were conducted:
• Household Surveys
• Group Interviews
• Land use Surveys
• Infrastructure Surveys
• Traffic Surveys
• Institutional Surveys.
Household questionnaire was prepared after thorough in-house deliberations with experts; these were pre-coded and then field tested. Based on the questions, a
tabulation plan was prepared including some cross-tabs. A statistically representative sample size was then determined and field surveys were conducted. The data thus collected was cleaned, entered in computer using SPSS, required tables were
generated and the data was analyzed. Details about sampling and survey methodology employed have been described in a subsequent part of this Report.
Besides, group interviews were also conducted, which included women groups, Politicians, Journalists, community elders/ maliks, businessmen/ transporters and marginalized poor segment of the community.
Even though the base map prepared by the consultants clearly identified all physical features and were marked over it, but a physical confirmation of land use was
considered necessary to confirm the nature of the landuses in the project area. Standard color codes were used for showing the different landuses, as given in the legend of base map. For example, brown color is usually used for residential areas,
blue for commercial, green for open spaces, and so on. For traffic counts, fresh manual classified counts (MCC) were conducted by the
Consultants, at the entry and exit points. The inferences from the data thus collected are given in the relevant section. 2.2.2 Secondary Data Collection
Apart from primary data mentioned in previous section, The Consultants also
collected secondary information and held detailed meetings in Ghalanai and in Peshawar with different stake holders and collected secondary data of relevance for the Project. The officials met among others included the following:
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i. Secretary & officials of P&D Department, FATA Secretariat
ii. Director and officials of Directorate of Local Government and Rural
Development, FATA
iii. Directorate of Projects, FATA
iv. Political Agent, Mohmand Agency
v. Assistant Political Agent, Mohmand Agency
vi. Community elders
vii. Maliks
viii. Women Groups
ix. Politicians
x. Journalists
xi. Youth
xii. Representatives from Government Departments/Directorates
a) XEN/SDO, Department of Works and Communication (W&S)
b) XEN/SDO, Public Health Engineering Department
c) XEN/SDO, Department of Irrigation
d) Agency Health Officer
e) Agency Education Officer
f) SDO/ XEN WAPDA/PESCO
g) Nominated Municipal Committee Officials
h) FUCP/ World Bank Staff
Some of the documents collected for reference included:
i. Structure Plan for Khar, Bajaur Agency
ii. FATA Sustainable Development Plan, 2007-2015, Civil Secretariat, FATA, Peshawar.
iii. Tribal Areas Rural-To-Urban Centers Conversion Initiative (TARUCCI), FATA
Secretariat, Peshawar. iv. Citizens Pre-Budget (2014-15) Consultation Report on Mohmand Agency,
Implementation Support Unit, DOP, P&DD, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar.
v. FATA Development Statistics-2013, BoS, FATA Cell, P&DD, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar
vi. Important Agency/ FR wise Socio-Economic Indicators of FATA-2013, BoS,
FATA Cell, P&DD, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar vii. Miscellaneous PC-1s of development initiatives viii. List of Foreign Aided Projects in FATA
The Consultant’s team visited Ghalanai a number of times, not only to collect primary and secondary data, but also to engage local officials of Ghalanai, and
obtain information about all aspects of existing situation in the Town. A number of group interviews were held involving communities, women groups, officials and
representatives of different segments of society. The survey teams were given
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training and understanding about the nature and objectives of the Project before sending them to field for data collection.
The emphasis has been on community-based approach for data collection and
planning options and local staff was engaged for collection of most of the data.
2.3 DRAFT STRUCTURE PLAN
Using the information given in the Base map, Existing Situation Report, consultations
with various stakeholders and numerous field visits by Consultants team, Draft Structure Plan for Ghalanai was prepared. In accordance with the TOR, it included assessment of growth and development scenarios, which were used as the basis for
the Draft Structure Plan, showing the expected/preferred pattern and extent for the future growth of the town.
The Draft Structure Plan also assessed options for meeting priority needs/fostering the implementation of the Structure Plan and developed preliminary proposals for schemes to meet needs and facilitate implementation of the Structure Plan. It
included possible options for meeting priority needs of the stakeholders, which could be modified based on their feedback about the proposals.
2.4 FINAL STRUCTURE PLAN
The Draft Structure Plan was submitted to the World Bank through FUCP, and a meeting was held in World Bank Islamabad in first week of June, 2015. The participants included officials of WB, FUCP and the Consultants. The Draft Structure
Plans were thoroughly discussed; and based on written comments received through FUCP, a revised version of Draft Structure Plan was submitted. The comments on revised version mostly pertained to minor editing and the World Bank gave a go-
ahead for presenting the Plan to stakeholders. The Draft Structure Plan was then presented to various stakeholders belonging to
Ghalanai; for this purpose a meeting was arranged on August 13, 2015 in which the Draft Structure Plan and the identified projects were explained. The proceedings of the meeting are presented in a separate document entitled ‘Appendix to Final
Structure Plan’, and form a part of this submission. The comments/suggestions of participants have been incorporated to finalize the Structure Plan and list of priority projects. List of participants is given in Annexure 7.
On August 28, 2015 a wider stakeholder’s consultative workshop was held at Hotel
Pearl Continental, Peshawar in which an MNA from Khyber Agency, Senator from Mohmand Agency, Secretary AIC FATA, Project Director and other officials from FUCP, and representatives of various Departments participated. Some very useful
suggestions were received which have been incorporated in this Final Report. The suggestions are given in Annexure 8. Details of workshop proceedings are given in a separate document ‘Appendix to Final Structure Plan’.
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PART A: EXISTING SITUATION
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3. HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
3.1 GENERAL Household Surveys were conducted to determine demographic, social and economic
aspects of households and their level of satisfaction with different facilities. The survey was based on observed variations in the respondent households, using stratified samples based on our prior knowledge of locality types and access to
infrastructure facilities. The questionnaire for household surveys was prepared after through deliberations,
shared with the Client, was pre-coded and field tested (attached as Annex 2). Based on the questions, tabulation plan was prepared which included some cross-tabs. The interviewers were comprehensively trained; each question was explained and survey
methodology elaborated. 3.2 SAMPLE SIZE AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY
Sample Size was determined through a number of statistical which include:
i) Margin of Error ii) Confidence Level
iii) Universe (i.e. total number of households in the project area)
The margin of error is the amount of error that can be tolerated. Margin of error
adopted was 7% for household surveys in Ghalanai Urban Area. The confidence level is the amount of uncertainty that can be tolerated. With a confidence level of 95%, one would expect that for one of the questions in the survey, the percentage
of people who answer yes would be more than the margin of error away from the true answer. The true answer is the percentage one would get if everyone was exhaustively interviewed. Typical choices for confidence level are 90%, 95%, or
99%. For Ghalanai, confidence level of 95% was adopted. Universe in statistical terms is the total number of people or households, from which
sample is to be drawn. The population of Ghalanai Urban area in January 2015, as calculated from WHO’s polio data, is around 8,260. Thus the parameters adopted to
calculate sample size included:
i) Margin of Error = 7%
ii) Confidence Level = 95%
iii) Universe = 26,000
Applying the above values in the formula, the recommended sample size is 1961. A
round figure of 200 interviews was adopted.
1Source: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
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Having determined sample size, the next step was to conduct actual surveys, in a way so as to capture variations among respondents of different areas within the
project area. As a first step, all the areas/ localities falling in the delineated urban area were noted
and their 2015 population as already explained in an earlier section was listed. There are 12 localities/villages in the project area, and their total population was worked out. Based on this, the percentage population of each locality was calculated.
The fundamental question for the sampling protocol was to capture information from
each village/ settlement that fell in the delineated urban area of Ghalanai. The purpose was to capture some, if not all, variations to ensure a representative sample.
The overall representative sample size as already calculated in ‘Existing Situation Report’ is 200. The settlement-wise sample size was calculated by applying the
population percentage to 200.Thus sample size varied with the population of settlements, ranging from 7 each in Yousaf Khel & Mateen to 45 in case of Anat Kor/Landian.
Having determined the settlement-specific sample size, the field officers collected information about number of ‘hujras’ in each settlement and visited each hujra. Thus
if a locality had four hujras, all four were visited. Through the local elders, people to whom that ‘hujra’ belonged were invited for interviews. Preference for interviews was given to heads of the household, but where they were not available; the elder
son/close relative living in the same household was interviewed. Unlike in settled areas, many people in tribal areas live in family compounds. Families living in a compound are closely related, but may have separate kitchens. Thus there can be
two or more households in a compound. The interviewers ensured to interview representative of only one household in the compound to ensure dispersal and
representation of each sub-locality. The data thus collected was entered in computer using SPSS software, and required tables/cross-tabs generated.
3.3 SURVEY FINDINGS
The findings of household surveys were presented in detail in the ‘Existing Situation
Report’. Following are the summarized salient features. Survey findings in form of statistical Tables are presented in Annexure 2.
3.3.1 Household Sizes
The average household size in Ghalanai is 11. In about 52% of the surveyed
household, the size is 6 to10 members, while in more than 40%, the household size is above 10. Smaller households, with sizes ranging from 1 to 5 are less than 8%.
3.3.2 Age-Sex Composition
11
The total male population is around 55% while the female population is about 45%. The sex-ratio is 81.7, i.e. for every 100 males, there are 81.7 females. In other
words, there are 1.22 males/female in Ghalanai, as against the national average of 1.06 males/female. This indicates either under-reporting of female population or high female mortality (or both).
3.3.3 Sources of Drinking Water
More than 57% households obtain drinking water from their own well, more than 18% use motor pump, around 6% purchase drinking water from water tanker, and a
similar percentage of households obtain it from municipal water source outside the house. About 8% fetch water from spring, and a small percentage use other’s well/water tank.
As already stated, majority of the households (more than 57%) obtain drinking water from wells, but 82% of these are not satisfied with it. The next highest source
of drinking water is through motor pumps (more than 18% households); and about 94% of such households are satisfied with it. The source of drinking water of around 6% households is water tanker, of which 89% are satisfied with it. Another around
6% obtain water from municipal tap outside the house compound, of which 40% are satisfied and 60% are not satisfied. Households fetching water from springs are
about 8%, of which 62% are satisfied while about 38% are not.
Graph 1: Sources of Drinking Water
Reasons for dissatisfaction have been described in ‘Existing Situation Report’, Table E-6,
Page 36 (April 2015). For ready reference, the relevant Table is reproduced below. It
appears that people are more concerned about the availability of water, rather than its
quality. It also signifies the magnitude of problem.
57.38
18.46
6.04
6.38 4.03 7.72
Sources of Drinking Water: % of Households
Own Well Motor pump
Purchase from Water Tanker Municipal water outside compound
Others Spring/Stream
12
Table 3: Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Drinking Water
Reasons Cumulative Frequency
%
insufficient water in well/dried well 137 42.15
Water has to be fetched from a distant sources by females 62 19.08
Water Quality (color/taste) is not good. 42 12.92
Water shortage due to load shedding 19 5.85
Have to ask relatives/other persons to use their source 18 5.54
Have to purchase water from tanker 17 5.23
No water storage tank 11 3.38
Cannot afford to dig well/purchase water from tanker 7 2.15
No affordability for motor pump to get water from well. 5 1.54
Others 7 2.15
Total 325 100.00
3.3.4 Sanitation: Disposal of Human Waste
When asked if there was an arrangement for disposal of human waste, the response was in affirmative in around 56% of the interviewed households. Of these, about 56% use dry system, about 24% had flush latrine, while remaining use other
methods.
Dry system used by 56% households is direct drop pit latrine toilet or the “conventional Conservancy” type latrine and the excreta is either daily taken out of the house and dumped in fields or the pit when filled is emptied for reuse or filled
with dirt and another one is dug. More than 41% households were not satisfied with the prevailing system. The main
reasons cited for dissatisfaction were non-availability or inadequacy of latrines in their homes (51%). About 29% complained of lack of water for waste disposal, and about 16% said that they did not have flush latrines.
3.3.5 Drainage
More than 52% households responded that there was some kind of drainage system while 47% replied in negative. Among those whose response was in affirmative, about 93% reported that drainage was in form of open unlined drains, while about
6% had open but lined drains. Households served with piped sewerage are negligible.
Around 48% of the households are satisfied with the prevailing drainage system, 47% are not while less than 5% were indifferent. The reasons put forward by those
not satisfied are that katcha drains cause damage to houses (54.4%), are problematic for pedestrians due to slushy streets (19.1%), drains are katcha/open (about 12%) and cause contamination (10.3%).
13
3.3.6 Solid Waste Collection
When asked if there was any arrangement for solid waste disposal, the response of more than 58% households was negative, and all households informed that the solid waste was disposed by them, and were not satisfied by the prevailing practice. The
main reasons put forward were lack of interest by authorities and no planned solid waste dumps/depots. People thus complained of bad smell, unhygienic/dirty environment, diseases and obstructions for pedestrians.
3.3.7 Housing
About 37% respondents were living in row (attached) houses, and about 27% were
housed in family compounds. Average number of houses per family compound is 3.58. Isolated houses and semi-detached houses were around 18% each.
Average Number of Habitable Rooms per house is 3.29. Most of the houses are two-roomed (about 30%) and three roomed (about 27%). Together, these two
categories form more than 56% of the total housing stock. Houses having five or more rooms are more than 22%.
It is worth mentioning here that there is a weak correlation between household sizes and number of habitable rooms (Coefficient of correlation ‘R’= 0.49). In other words, larger household size does not necessarily imply more habitable rooms. There is
another way of looking at it. It can be deduced from the collected housing data that the total number of rooms in houses of the surveyed households is 716. The households surveyed were 206; their average household size was found to be 11,
implying that the total population of in the surveyed households is 206X11=2,266; thus occupancy rate or number of persons per habitable room is calculated to be 2,266/716=3.16, which is not very high considering the local standards, although it
is indicator of some congestion/over-crowding. Around 39% houses have no bathrooms, 57% have no latrines and about 7.3%
have no formal kitchen. Regarding tenure status, practically all houses are owner occupied (more than 98%); in the sample the consultants came across negligible
number of houses which were rented or had any other form of tenure status. Most of the houses are katcha (more than 69%) while 26.2% are semi-pucca
houses; these two categories constitute about 96% of the total housing stock. Less than 5% of the houses are pucca.
The frequency distribution of houses which were constructed during the past 11 to 25 years, 26 to 50 years, and more than 50 years is fairly uniform, varying between 23% (approx.) to around 27%. Houses constructed during the past 10 years are
relatively much lesser. All the interviewed households were living in single storey houses.
About 54% of the households are living in their present house for the last more than 25 years; the second highest category (about 17.5%) are relatively recent residents,
14
who started to live in their present houses in last less than 5 years. About 96% of the sample households want to keep living in their present houses and do not want
to shift anywhere else. 3.3.8 Earning Members and Income Levels
In about 82% households, the earning members are 1-2, while in 17% households,
the number of earning members is 3 to 4. These two categories constitute more than 98% of the total households. All earning members in the sample were males, except for one household which had a female earning member, who was in tailoring
business. On average, there are 1.8 earning members per household. Since household size is
11, the dependency ratio is 11/1.8=6.11, i.e. average number of household members dependent upon one earning member is 6.11. This is quite high and indicates high unemployment.
Average household income through earning members is Rs. 28,214. However if other sources of income2 are also included, the average household income increases
to Rs. 28,689.
It needs to be emphasized however that averages such as above hide important internal differences and do not indicate income inequalities. Distribution of sample households across different incomes categories are therefore shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Monthly Household Income
Monthly Income No. % Cum %
Up to 5,000 15 7.28 7.28
5,000-10,000 24 11.65 18.93
10,001-15,000 31 15.05 33.98
15,001-20,000 38 18.45 52.43
20,001-30,000 42 20.39 72.81
30,001-50,000 30 14.56 87.38
Above 50,000 26 12.62 100.00
Total 206 100.00
It is clear from the Table that monthly income of about 19% of the households is up to Rs. 10,000; 34% households earn up to Rs. 15,000 and so on.
It may be mentioned here that the commonly used inequality measure is Gini-coefficient. The coefficient varies between 0, which reflects complete equality and 1,
which indicates complete inequality (i.e. one person has all the income or consumption, all others have none). Graphically, the Gini coefficient can be easily
represented by the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of equality. Lorenz
2 Such as agriculture, property rent, transport etc
15
curve for Ghalanai is shown in Graph 2; and the Gini coefficient has been has been
calculated by the following formula:
Gini coefficient = Area of A/Area of sum of (A+B), i.e. A/(A+B); which has been calculated to be 0.43, which indicates high income inequality in Ghalanai. As the
graph shows, the share of bottom 20% households is less than 10% of the total income, while the top 20% households get 45% of the total incomes. The income
distribution in Ghalanai is thus highly skewed.
Graph 2: Income Distribution in Ghalanai: Lorenz Curve
It is worth mentioning here that there is very weak relationship between household
Income and household size (R= 0.357). This indicates that larger household size does not imply higher household income, and vice versa.
Again, there is no relationship what so ever between household income and type of house (R=-0.025); This means that a household may be living in a row house, house in family compound or semi-detached house etc, irrespective of income category of
the household.
3.3.9 Priority Problems
The priority problems as perceived by households were noted. Based on analysis in
the ‘Existing Situation Report’, the inferred priorities are as below: Priority 1 Problem: Shortage of drinking water Priority 2 Problem: No proper link road connecting village to main road Priority 3 Problem: Unpaved/katcha streets Priority 4 Problem: Unpaved streets and load shedding
16
Priority 5 Problem: Flooding issues.
4 GROUP INTERVIEWS
A detailed exposition of the group interviews was included in the ‘Existing Situation Report’. The interviews were held in the first two weeks of March 2015, and included groups of different stakeholders such as:
• Women
• Journalists
• Transporters
• Youth
• Marginalized group
• Community elders
• Politicians
Through informal and inter-active discussions, the information was obtained regarding main issues of the town and their urgent priorities/developmental requirements.
Based on the information thus collected, the priority sectors/schemes, as identified
by the stakeholders are summarized below.
Table 5: Priorities Perceived By Different Groups Interviewed Priorities Women-I Women-II Politicians Journalists Comm.
Elders Poor Transporters Youth
Priority 1 Water Supply
Water Supply
Water Supply
Water Supply
Water Supply
Water Supply
Water Supply Water Supply
Priority 2 Solid waste collection
Storm Water Drainage
Roads Roads Roads Roads
Roads Roads
Priority 3 Public Toilets
Public Toilets
Storm Water Drainage
Storm Water Drainage
Storm Water Drainage
Storm Water Drainage
Bus Terminal Storm Water Drainage
Priority 4 Roads Sewerage System
Public Toilets
Sewerage System
Sewerage System
Public Toilets
Sewerage System
Sewerage System
Priority 5 Bus Terminal
Slaughter House
Park Public Toilets
Public Toilets
Park Storm Water Drainage
Public Toilets
Priority 6 Slaughter House
Bus Terminal
Sewerage System
Slaughter House
Slaughter House
Sewerage System
Public Toilets Slaughter House
Priority 7 Park Park Solid Waste Collection
Bus Terminal
Bus Terminal
Solid Waste Collection
Slaughter House
Bus Terminal
Priority 8 Storm Water Drainage
Bus Terminal
Park Park Bus Terminal
Solid Waste Collection
Solid Waste Collection
Priority 9 Sewerage System
Slaughter House
Solid Waste Collection
Slaughter House
Park Park
17
5 LANDUSE SURVEYS
5.1 GENERAL
Landuse is the most stable component of urban dynamics, as changes are likely to modify the landuse structure over a rather long period of time. This comes as little
surprise since most real estate is built to last at least several decades. The main impact of land use on urban dynamics is its function of a generator and attractor of movements.
Land use implies a set of relationships with other land uses. For instance, commercial land use involves relationships with its supplier and customers. Thus, a
level of accessibility to both systems of circulation must be present. Since each type of land use has its own specific mobility requirements, transportation is a factor of
activity location, and is therefore associated intimately with land use. Ghalanay, like any existing urban area, has expanded on basis of indigenous growth;
there is no ‘standardized’ landuse distribution of activities. The proportions and forms of urban landscape are the resultants of past and present socio-economic forces. The market processes have a strong pervasive power, and hence the scope
of planned interventions in urban landuse pattern needs to be understood. The landuse distribution in Ghalanay has been analyzed and the text below presents
pen picture of the location and broad description of the landuses with respect to type of landuses and spatial location etc.
5.2 LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN GHALANAI
5.2.1 Built-Up Vs. Open Area
The field information about existing landuses was computerized in GIS using standard color codes. The survey statistics thus obtained reveal that the urban area
of Ghalanay is spread over around 4,291 acres (about 17.4 square kilometers), of which around 569 acres or 2.3 square kilometer (13.26%) is built-up while around 3,722 acres around 15 square kilometer (86.74%) is open or non-built up area.
18
Graph 3: Built-up Area vs. Open Area
The built-up areas include residential, commercial, restricted area, educational, health, road network including transport terminals, graveyards and offices etc.
The non-built up areas include vacant area (including physically difficult area, mainly steep slopes at the edges of urban boundary), agricultural land, forests and
Khawars.
5.2.2 Landuse Distribution in Built-Up Area
The total built-up area in Ghalanai Town is about 569 acres (2.3 square kilometer),
of which about 72% (409 acres 1.65 square kilometer) is under residential uses Thus, as the name suggests it is pre-dominantly residential area but also includes internal streets and lanes, privately owned land falling in between and purely low-
end, local level facilities. The next landuse category is restricted area (mainly cantonment area) which covers around 12% of total area, more than 4% under road network, (includes main and mettaled roads only; the unmettaled/katcha roads
generally pass through Khawars etc, and hence are included but not internal access roads); about 2.9% under commercial area, and about 4.5% under graveyards. The detailed statistics about landuse distribution in built-area are given in Table 6, in
square kilometers, acres and as percentages of the total built-up area.
Table 6: Landuse Distribution in Built-up Area
Landuses Area in Sq. Km
Area in Acres
%
Residential 1.65 408.67 71.84
Commercial 0.07 16.30 2.87
Restricted Area 0.28 70.01 12.31
Educational 0.07 16.71 2.94
Health 0.02 4.48 0.79
13.26
86.74
Built-up Area Vs. Open Area (%)in Ghalanay Town
Built-up Area Open Area
19
Landuses Area in Sq. Km
Area in Acres
%
Road Network 0.09 23.27 4.09
Railway Station 0.01 3.52 0.62
Bus Terminal/Car Stand 0.001 0.17 0.03
Others (Mobile Tower, Public, Water Tank, Grid Station, Offices etc
0.001 0.17 0.03
Grave Yards 0.10 25.55 4.49
Total Built-up Area 2.292 568.85 100
5.2.3 Landuse Distribution in Open Area The total open area within urban limits is more than 3,721 acres or around 15
square kilometer, most of which is either vacant or under agriculture (47.46% and 45.56% respectively). These two categories if combined are about 93% of the total
open area. The other open areas, as seen in the Table 7, are relatively insignificant and include Khawars (2.2%), and forests (4.79%).
Table 7: Landuse Distribution in Open Area(Falling in Urban Area)
Landuses Area in Sq. Km.
Area in Acres
%
Khawars 0.33 82.00 2.20
Vacant Land 7.15 1766.11 47.46
Agriculture 6.86 1695.38 45.56
Forests 0.72 178.23 4.79
Total Area 15.07 3721.72 100
20
Map 2: Existing Landuse Map of Urban Area
21
Graph 4: Landuse Distribution in Built-up Area
Graph 5: Existing Landuse Distribution in Open Area
71.84
12.31
2.94 0.79 4.09 0.71 0.034.49
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
Res
iden
tial
Res
tric
ted
Are
a
Edu
cati
on
al
Hea
lth
Ro
ad N
etw
ork
Tran
spo
rt T
erm
inal
s
Oth
ers
(Mo
bile
To
wer
,W
ater
Tan
k (O
ffic
es e
tc)
Gra
ve Y
ards
Landuse Distribution in Built-up Area (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Khawars Vacant Land Agriculture Forests
2.20
47.46 45.56
4.79
Landuse Distribution in Open Area (%)
22
Map 3: Existing Landuse Map of Notified Area
23
5.3 SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE LANDUSE PATTERN
Ghalanay Town lies in Halimzai Tehsil of Mohmand Agency, located in its extreme south-eastern corner. Ghalanay urban area is basically an agglomeration of
settlements/villages, with agricultural land in between. The urban hub comprises of Ghalanay Colony, the restricted area or Cantonment, Government Degree College and Agency Headquarter Hospital, all located towards north of Peshawar Road. Bulk of
commercial area lies towards south of this Road while Ghalanay settlement is scattered and lies on its both sides.
The growth as already stated is mostly sporadic, spread along different mettaled/unmettaled roads and Khawars. The overall landuse pattern is diffused and
the town has been expanding haphazardly. There is admixture of landuses, which apart from residential include intensive commercial activities, public buildings and others.
6 COMMERCIAL SURVEYS
Ghalanai Bazaar is located in Halimzai tehsil, and is a small bazaar comprised of approximately 345 shops (Table 8). Different types of businesses operate in the market, including many shops that sell products from Iran and China. Apart from the businesses
and shops, the bazaar also houses the office of the political agent and the main agency hospital. It is located on the main road to Bajaur Agency and passers-bys often stop frequently for refreshments and food. The bazaar is two kilometers long, and it takes
almost 20 minutes to walk from one end to the other. Some shops, like the pharmacy and general stores, remain open after normal business hours with permission from the
head of the bazaar committee.
Table 8: Shop Categories
Category Number of Shops
Clothing 48
Electronic/Hardware/Mechanical 44
Fruit/Veg/Poultry/Meat 50
General 90
Mobile Phone 33
Personal Grooming 11
Pharmacy 11
Restaurant 11
Others 47
TOTAL 345
The shops now remain open more often, and for longer period. Reconstruction of the road in the bazaar would also help to improve the business climate.
24
Through informal discussions with the shop keepers, the consultants were informed that primary customers came from in or near the bazaar area. Most shopkeepers
reported that on average they received 20-40 customers per day. The shops normally open at 7 or 8 AM, and close at 8:00 PM.
Graph 6: Composition of Shops in Ghalanai Bazaar
7 OTHER LANDUSES
7.1 RESIDENTIAL AREAS
The residential area of Ghalanai is mostly concentrated in 12 villages/clusters. In terms of gross urban area delineated, the residential areas cover only a minuscule part of
planning area; however among the built-up area, the share of residential areas is about 72%. Although residential areas are scattered throughout the delineated area, but bulk is concentrated towards its lower southern part. In other directions, spatial growth of
housing areas is less intensive and sporadic. The overall landuse pattern is diffused and
there is admixture of landuses.
Detailed description of housing areas is given in Section E-1.4.7 of Existing Situation
Report.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Clothing
Electronic/Hardware/Mechanical
Fruit/Veg/Poultry/Meat
General
Mobile Phone
Personal Grooming
Pharmacy
Restaurant
Others
48
44
50
90
33
11
11
11
47
Composition of Ghalanai BazarNo. of Shops
25
7.2 AGENCY HEADQUARTER HOSPITAL
In Ghalanay, Mohmand Agency an RHC (Rural Health Centre was established in 1977-78 which was upgraded to a Civil Hospital (CH) in 1982-83. The Civil Hospital was then upgraded to Tehsil Headquarter Hospital (THQ) in 1992 93 and further upgraded to the
present Agency Headquarter Hospital in 2003-4. The present AHQ is a 110 bedded (type C hospital). The total sanctioned staff strength is 176 including doctors, specialists and nursing staff. The filled positions at present are 170 whereas 6 positions are
vacant. The facilities existing in the AHQ are: X-Ray block, block, Ultrasound, Blood Bank, ECG, Operation Theater, medicine store, OPD, Laboratory and Casualty. The
distribution of the 110 beds is: 10-in Male Medical Ward, 10- Male Surgical Ward, 10 Female Medical ward, 10-Female Surgical Ward, 20-ENT Ward, 10-Children Ward, 10- Eye Ward, 5- Private Ward, 3-Casualty Male, 3-Casualty Female, 20-Gynea Ward and 5
Private Rooms. . The facility also has a 32 room Doctor’s Hostel, 16 rooms Nurses Hostel, 16 rooms for Paramedics and 4 ICU rooms. The average monthly OPD count is around 9,565 patients. Table 9 show details of Monthly OPD for 2013.
26
Table 9: OPD Count in AHQ Hospital Ghalanai - 20133 Name of Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
General OPD 5715 6110 8110 8050 8355 9250 8100 7500 7500 9200 8050 8150 94090
Emergency OPD 372 366 504 579 615 800 705 822 656 655 545 546 7165
Surgical Admission 59 83 89 70 95 110 41 21 34 110 60 110 882
ENT Admission 18 31 20 22 49 70 4 11 32 90 170 80 597
Medical Admission 131 177 190 162 210 285 226 280 155 200 205 115 2336
Children Admission 7 10 15 34 90 85 84 70 82 120 65 90 752
Gynae Admission 61 53 66 68 145 130 73 76 47 98 56 60 933
X-ray 87 98 180 206 260 260 186 149 194 225 287 289 2421
Lab Investigation 197 225 404 280 70 60 241 554 358 601 402 348 3740
Ultra Sound 45 34 50 73 28 16 35 23 36 30 370
ECG 19 26 29 42 80 90 22 19 19 45 98 60 549
Dentistry 73 58 53 72 70 80 91 79 107 94 77 84 938
Total 6784 7271 9710 9658 10067 11236 9808 9604 9220 11468 10015 9932 114773
3Source: Superintendent, AHQ Source: Medical Hospital, Ghallanai
27
7.3 TRANSPORT TERMINAL
A formal and organized transport terminal does not exist in Ghallanai, however in order to cater to local passenger and goods transport linking Ghallanai to Yaka Ghund and
Peshawar on one side and Ghallanai to Bajaur Agency on the other side as well as the surrounding nearby villages, a Taxi Stand and a HI-Ace/ Wagon adda exist in the Bazar. These two stands serve incoming and outgoing vehicles to and from Ghallanai.
Plying vehicles for transportation of passengers and goods vary in shape, size and nature from small Suzuki cars, Datsun pickups, Hi-Ace to medium and heavy trucks. An estimated daily load of 250 light vehicles enter with passengers into Ghallanai from
Peshawar, Bajaur and the nearby villages whereas 410 passenger vehicles leave Ghallanai for the same destinations. Goods transported to Ghallanai on a daily basis are mainly from Peshawar through 125 numbers of light and heavy trucks. Similarly 110
light/ heavy trucks leave for Ghallanai for Shabqadar and onwards with goods mainly marble. Summary of daily passenger vehicles to and from Ghallanai is shown in Table 10 and details are included in Table 11.
Table 10: Summary of Daily Number of Vehicles To & From Ghalanai
S. No
Type of Transport Reaching Ghallanai (IN) Leaving Ghallanai (OUT)
1. Passenger (Cars, Suzuki,
Vans, Buses, Datsun, etc)
250 vehicles from Peshawar,
nearby villages and Bajaur
410 vehicles for Peshawar, nearby
villages, Bajaur Agency, etc
2. Goods (Trucks, Shehzor, Datsun, etc)
125 Vehicles mainly bringing goods from Peshawar.
110 Vehicles taking good to Shabqadar
Source: President Transport Adda (Mr. Sherzada Khan), Ghallanai Bazar
28
Table 11: Details of Passengers & Goods To & From Ghalanai
S.No Vehicle Type
No. of Passengers
Number of Vehicles
Directions
Passenger Transport
1 Datsun 15 persons per Datsun
40 Local area, Main Mandi, Ghandahab
2 Datsun 15person per Datsun
40 From Ghalanay to Peshawar, Kohat, Bajaur, Swat, Malakand
3 Taxi Car Toyota
4 person per car 50 Ghalanay to Peshawar, Kohat, Bajaur, Swat, Malakand etc
4 Taxi Cars Suzuki
4 210 From Peshawar to Bajaur agency and Bajaur to Peshawar.
5 flying Coach
18 300 From Peshawar to Ghandahab , Khuwzi ,Baizi tehsils and Bajaur agency and then back to Peshawar both sided
6 Hi-Ace 18 20 From Bajaur to Peshawar and Mohmand then both sided
7 Motor bike 2 1000 Local area traffic
Goods Transport
Trucks
200 Marble, Chromites, Cement, crush, bricks etc
1 Dumper truck
20 Cement, crush, sand, bricks, etc
2 Tractor and Trolley
40 Cement, crush, sand, bricks, etc
3 Suzuki Van
15 Fruit and Chicken etc
Source: President Transport Adda (Mr. Sherzada Khan), Ghallanai Bazar
29
8 INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
8.1 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION:
8.1.1 Roads
The main route passing through Ghallanai linking it to district Peshawar and Bajaur
Agency is the Yakka Ghund- Mohammad Gat Road4 which spans 14 Km from Yaka Ghund to Ghallanai and further 45 Km road with a 750 meter long tunnel from Ghallanai to Bajaur border. The 14 Km stretch from Yaka Ghund to Ghallanai has been
recently reconstructed by the Works and Services (W&S) Department, FATA and the remaining 45 Km is being constructed to improved standards by FWO under donor funds. A 750 meter long tunnel near Yousaf Khel is also under construction by FWO.
The 17 Km stretch of the road from Ghallanai to the Tunnel at Yousaf Khel is substantially complete. A network of paved roads in good condition measuring about 10
Km (including 4.5 Km of the main under construction road) constructed and maintained by the Works and Services (W&S) department are present within the urban boundary. Additionally about 8.5 Km of kacha tracks, generally passing through dry Khwar beds
are connecting Ghallanai to the surrounding villages5. Daily two way traffic counts at the entrance to Ghallanai for one day is included in Table 126. Existing major roads and kacha tracks within the city are shown in Map-1.
Salient features like length and surface condition of the major roads were recorded by the Consultant’s Field Team and are presented in Table 13.
Two main addas/ stands are located within the bazaar area from where taxis, pickups, vans, Suzukis and light/ heavy trucks ply between Ghallanai, Peshawar, Bajaur and the
surrounding villages.
4 Road network in Mohmmand Agency, like all FATA, is the responsibility of Works & Services (W&S)
department, FATA. W&S department through its field offices construct, operate and maintain the roads. 5 Consultant’s Field Survey Team in consultation with W&S department. 6 Consultants Field Team observed “12 hour traffic count” on March 12, 2015
30
Figure 2: Unpaved Track at Katar
Figure 3: Unpaved Track at Dawat Kore
Figure 4: Paved Road Chanda
Figure 5: Paved Road Wazir Kalay
31
Table 12: Daily Traffic Count (both ways) on Yaka Ghund – Gat Road (8 AM to 6 PM) 7
Type of Vehicle
M/ Cycle
Car Hi-Ace
Datsun Truck Dumper Truck 2 XL
Truck 4 XL
Tractor Time
Nos. 67 115 102 57 5 3 0 0 3 8:00am to 9:00am
132 156 148 88 4 4 1 0 5 9:00am to 10:00am
54 147 109 48 3 4 2 1 3 11:00am to 12:00pm
57 134 103 60 3 4 3 0 0 12:00pmto 1:00pm
33 80 60 42 3 5 5 2 3 1:00pm to 2:00pm
24 85 48 20 2 3 0 0 0 2:00pm to 3:00pm
90 90 84 65 6 3 3 3 3 3:00pm to 4:00pm
24 56 46 32 5 3 3 3 3 4:00pm to 5:00pm
30 45 40 35 6 2 0 3 4 5:00pm to 6:00pm
TOTAL 553 1028 822 499 44 34 18 13 29 3,040
Source: Consultant’s Field Survey Team Traffic Count on 12 March, 2015
Table 13: Road Network within Urban Boundary8
S. No Name of Road Length in Km
Paved/ Unpaved Condition
1. MabiKhel Kalay 1.4 Paved Good
2. Wazir Kalay 1.56 Paved Good with some sections need repairs
3. Chanda Road 0.61 Paved Good
4. Madrassa Road 2.35 Paved Good
5. Section of Yaka Ghund-Mohammad Gat Road
4.5 Under construction by FWO
Good Standards are maintained
6. Tracks/ Kacha Roads 8.5 Kacha Fair to Bad
Source: Consultant’s Field Survey Team
7 Consultants 12 hour traffic count on March 12, 2015 8 Consultants Field Survey
32
Map 4: Existing Road Network in Ghallanai
33
8.1.2 Streets and Drains:
Household survey carried out in 200 households within the urban boundary included a
question on the type of drainage in the respective localities. Map 6 given below is the response distribution. Accordingly, only 50% of the residents in Katar, 10% in Zore Kalay and 27% in Wazir Kalay responded that open lined drains were present. Majority
of the internal streets (small access paths) and drains in the villages are unpaved9 as only 1.78 Km length of streets within the colony and a few others are paved. Streets measuring 9.46 Km in the rest of the urban area are unpaved. The lengths of existing
drains are estimated about 4 Km out of which 3 Km is lined and about 1 Km are katcha. Major drains along the road side are lined in addition to some in the villages carried out
through MNA funds or donor initiatives10. Existing situation of streets and drains is shown in Map 5 and can be observed in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9. These streets are generally narrow and often with sharp windings not permitting vehicular traffic and thus
pavement with bricks, PCC or tough tiles would be adequate provided the quality in construction is maintained. The LG&RDD has executed some pavement of streets depending upon the availability of funds through MNAs or donors. There seems no
system for cleaning of drains and the community is responsible to keep their streets and drains clean as their moral obligation as a community.
Figure 6: Paved Street and Drain in Dawat Kore
Figure 7: Paved Street and Drain in Wazir Kalay
9 Consultants Field Survey and GIS/ Digitized imagery 10 Street paving and lining of drains are local sanitation works which fall under the jurisdiction of the Local Government and Rural Development (LG&RD) department. Sometimes, donor community development projects also pave streets and construct/ line drains within the community.
34
Figure 8: An Unpaved Street and Drain.
Figure 9: Roadside Drain on Yakka Ghund-Gat Road
8.1.3 Telephone and Postal Services:
Pakistan Telecommunication (PTCL) and mobile phone services are available to the
majority of residents11. There is a PTCL telephone exchange in Ghallanai which was established in 1993. It provides 730 non digital connections to the area residents. Almost all mobile phone service providers have installed towers in the area and the
bazaar has several mobile selling and repair shops. Postal services are provided through post office. There are no private sector fast delivery services (TCS, OCS, etc) in Ghallanai.
11 Consultants Field Survey and SDO,PTCL information
35
Map 5: Existing Drainage & Street Network
36
Map 6: Type of Drainage (% of Households)
37
8.2 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
Drinking water supply systems are scarce in Ghallanai municipal area. The main supply
source is four Tube Wells12 located in Mian Mandi13 (one being solar powered14) at a distance of about 9 Km from Ghallanai town. Water from the four Tube Wells is collected at Chanda Booster approximately at a distance of 4 Km. Water from the
Chanda Booster is further pumped to Ghallanai Booster located at a distance of further approximately 3 Kms. Water from Ghallanai Booster is then pumped to three destinations: one to a surface reservoir located behind the civil colony, second as direct
pumping to the colony and surrounding area and third to a Tankers filling point. A direct HDPE line from the two Tube Wells at Gula Jan Kalay and Mian Mandi to Ghallanai Booster is under construction. Schematic Diagram shown in Figure 15 explains the system flow.
There are two additional Tube Wells, one at Katar Village and one at Ummat Khan Kore, both are not commissioned due to some disputes and no distribution system in the area has been provided. There are five storage tanks with an accumulated storage capacity
of 190,000 gallons but two tanks with 20,000 gallon capacity each are not connected and remain dry.
Responses to the question of having a public water supply tap inside the house show minor coverage (less than 7%) as shown in Map 8 over the entire urban area. Predominantly the served area under public water supply is limited to the Civil Colony
and its surroundings. There are some private wells (motorized) from where people meet their requirements by collectively contributing to diesel and other expenses. Some collect water from the water tanks in their vicinity while some purchase water from
vendors of Tankers (official and non official). Area residents often show dissatisfaction over the non availability of drinking water. Staff of the W&S/ PHE suggested that to
meet demands of the people connecting more storage tanks and local distribution networks are needed. However, they also mention that with the present power supply conditions (excessive load shedding. Low voltages), it is not possible. Alternatively,
more tube wells, where feasible need to be converted to solar energy so that pumping continuity could be ensured.
Table 14 and 15 give details of the source, length of mains, served area and storage capacity of water storage tanks. The existing water supply network is shown on Map 7.
12 All Public Water Supply systems are constructed, operated and maintained by the Public Health Engineering section of the W&S Department, FATA. The systems at Ghallanai are 30-40 tears old as informed by PHE. 13 Consultants Survey with staff of W&S Department/ SDO Public Health Engineering 14 Converted to Solar power by W&S Department/Public Health Engineering about two years back.
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Figure 10: Water Supply Main from Chanda Booster
Figure 11: Water Supply Main from Mian Mandi
Figure 12: Drums filled from Private Local Well
Figure 13: Main from Source at Mian Mandi
39
Figure 14: Solar Water Supply well at Mian Mandi
Table 14: Existing Water Supply Network15 Sl. No
Name of Scheme Source Location
Functional/ Non Functional
Villages Served
Length of Distribution Pipes
1. Mian Mandi @ Gula Jan Kalay
Tube Well Functional Primary Supply to the Civil Colony and surrounding area
(i) 8.6 Km Main from 2 T/Ws to Ghallanai Booster Station and then to Civil Colony
(ii) About 7.5 Km main from 2 T/Ws to Chanda Booster and also direct to Ghallanai Booster
2. Mian Mandi @ Nadir Kore
Tube Well Functional
3. Mian Mandi Solar T/W Functional
4. Mian Mandi Tube Well Functional
5. Near Katar Tube Well Non Functional N/A N/A-
6. Ummat Khan Koruna
Tube Well Non Functional N/A N/A
Source: Consultant’s Field Survey Team and staff of PHE/ W&S department
Table 15: Water Storage Points and Capacity16
Sl. No
Storage Tank Capacity Gallons Source of Supply
1. Storage Tank at Civil Colony 50,000 Ghalanai Booster
2. Storage Tank at Ghallanai Khaas (Dry/ Not connected) 20,000 N/A
3. Storage Tank at Dawat Kor (Dry/ Not connected) 20,000 N/A
4. Booster Tank in Ghallanai Khaas 50,000 Chanda Booster
5. Tank on Back of Civil Colony 50,000 Ghallanai Booster
Note: Primary source for all are the four tube wells in Mian Mandi
15 Consultants Survey with W&S/PHE 16 Consultants Survey with W&S/PHE
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Figure 15: Schematic Drawing Showing Water System in Ghalanai17
17 Source: Obtained from PHE/W&S records
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Map 7: Existing Water Supply Network
42
Map 8: Sources of Drinking Water (% of Households)
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8.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
There is no formal system of solid waste disposal in Ghallanai18. Garbage dumps (locally
known as Deran) can be seen on the road side in the bazaar area and in open spaces in the villages. Traditional systems of garbage disposal is in practice as the residents collect all garbage from their households and dump it in a designated area called
Deran. The responses to disposal of waste including the disposal of human excreta, households
responded as distributed over localities in Map 9. It is clear that liquid waste is discharged into open, unlined drains and the solid waste (including human excreta) is
predominantly dumped in the form of heaps (Deran) in the open spaces. The political Administration has employed twenty five (25) sweepers19 who are assigned within the colony to sweep offices, residences, health facilities and educational institutions. There
are no formal sweeping arrangements for bazaar or streets in the villages. Field investigators identified about seven locations where dumps of garbage in the
urban areas can be seen. Major Derans or Garbage dumps are marked on Map 10.
Figure 16: Garbage Dump in Village
Figure 17: Garbage Dump in Village
18 Consultant’s Survey confirmed by LG&RDD 19 19 Consultant’s Field Surveyors confirmed with Political Administration.
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Map 9: Human Waste Disposal (% of Households)
45
Map 10: Existing Solid Waste Dumps
46
8.4 ELECTRICITY
The electrification system in Ghallanai comprise one Grid Station and one Sub-Station, a 4.193 Km long High Tension Line, 18 number 11 KV Feeder lines totaling 1,456.15
Kilometer long distribution lines and 4,529 distribution transformers. There are 38,809 domestic connections, 1,040 commercial connections, 590 industrial connection and 2,898 Tube Well connections. All this data relates to the entire Halimzai Tehsil. The
Consultant’s field surveyors car out several meetings and deliberations with the staff of TESCO in their local office and after searching through the records, the total number of domestic connections within the urban area were estimated at 2,548.
Table 16: Power Data of Ghalanai
Grid Station
Sub-Station
Connections 11 KV Feeder
Distrib. T/F
Length of Lines Dom. Comm. Indus. Tube
Well
1 1 38,809 2,548*
1,040 590 2,898 18 4,529 1,456.2 Km
*Urban Area domestic connections Source: In charge, TESCO office in Ghalanai
The satisfaction level of residents is very low from the supply of electricity. General complaints are similar to those usually made elsewhere in FATA including excessive load
shedding, low voltages, frequent breakdown and absence of electricity sometimes for days in continuation.
47
48
Map 11: Existing High Tension Line
49
8.5PUBLIC LATRINES/PARKS/CULTURAL AND SPORTS FACILITIES:
There are no public latrines20 and the need is emphasized by the locals through the household surveys and group interviews. One children park is available but it needs major improvement and provision of park furniture and facilities. A small zoo is under
construction in Ghallanai town. There is a sports stadium with a capacity to seat about 3,000 spectators and sports including cricket, foot ball, volley ball, etc are
played normally by youth. The physical situation of the stadium needs major repairs/ rehabilitation works. Social events are normally conducted in the Jirga Hall.
Figure 18: Stadium in Ghalanai
Figure 19: Children Park
Figure 20: View of Park in Ghallanai Colony
20 Consultants Survey
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PART B: STRUCTURE PLAN FOR GHALANAI
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9 LOCATION AND LINKAGES
Mohmand agency is geographically sub-divided for administrative convenience into
Upper and Lower Mohmand areas. Lower Mohmand area is rather fertile whereas Upper Mohmand area is comparatively less productive. The agency is divided in two
sub division and seven tehsils. These are as below:
• Upper Mohmand Sub-Division
o Safi Tehsil
o Upper Mohmand Tehsil
o Halimzai Tehsil
• Lower Mohmand Sub-Division
o Pindyali tehsil
o Ambar tehsil
o Yakka Ghund tehsil
o Prang Ghar tehsil
Ghalanai lies in Tehsil Halimzai in Upper Mohmand Sub-Division. It is located between
34° 10' to 34° 43' north latitudes and 70° 58' to 71° 42' east longitudes. It is bounded on the north by the Bajaur Agency, on the east by Malakand protected area and Charsadda District, on the south-east by Peshawar district, on the south by Khyber
Agency and on the west by Afghanistan. The total area of the agency is 2296 square kilometres.
10 GHALANAI IN REGIONAL CONTEXT
10.1 MOHMAND AGENCY Mohmand Agency is one of seven Agencies which comprise FATA. According to the
Development Statistics of 2011, the population of Mohmand Agency is around 600,000, with a population density of 171 persons per square kilometers. The population as per 1998 Census was 334,453. The annual average growth rate of the
population is reported to be 4.28%21.
The Agency is bounded by Bajaur Agency to the north, Khyber Agency to the south, Malakand and Charsadda Districts to the east and Peshawar District to the south-east. It covers an area of 2,297 km2 which is mostly hilly and mountainous with barren
slopes and little flat land. General slope of the area is from north-east with an average height over 1450 meters.
Ilazai (2716) is the highest peak near the Pak-Afghan border. Other important peaks
21 Source: Development Brief of Mohmand Agency (2008-2009), Page 4 (Socio-Economic Indicators of Mohmand Agency), Bureau of Statistics (FATA Cell), Planning & Development Department, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar.
52
are Yari Sar (1929 meters) and Silai. The most extensive part of the territory included in Mohmand agency lies in the valley that start from the mountains of Tartarra, south
of the Kabul River and Ilazai, north of this River. The main settlements are in the valleys of Shilman, Gandab, Pindiali and the banks of
Kabul River. The Mohmand settlements are generally dry and arid, except raging torrents during heavy rains. Running water is hard to find in most of these valleys except Gandab and Shilman valleys. In the Mohmand hill there are dry ravines
between long rows of rocky hills and crags, with scanty grass, scrub wood, and dwarf palm (mizri) leading upto the higher peaks of Ilazai and Tartarra.
The Kabul River and Swat River are the two rivers that pass through the area of the Lower Mohmand. Kabul River forms the boundary between the Khyber and Mohmand
agencies before entry into Pakistan territory. The flow of the water is from the west towards the east. On entry into Pakistan territory, the course of the Kabul River is through high mountain gorges till after it passes through the Warsak Dam, where
after it starts running through the Peshawar Valley. Swat River flows from the north towards south after entering the Agency limits from the Malakand and passes through the area of Prang Ghar/Pindiali Tehsil. The course of this river is also through
mountainous territory till it reaches the Munda Head works wherefrom it starts running through the plains.
The climate in Mohmand agency is hot in summer season while cool in winter. The summer season commences from May and continues for 4 months till 31st August. The winter season starts from November and continue till February. The rainfall is
scanty. Most of the rainfall is during winter season. There is insufficient precipitation and minimal inundated area, a variable answerable for the vast demographic developments of the Mohmands to the prolific grounds of Charsadda and Mardan
locale to the east.
The agency is inhabited by many tribes, mostly Mohmands and the Clans, Dawizai, Baizai, Khwaizai, Halimzai, Babuzai, Tarakzai, Safi, and Utman Khel. The sources of income are very limited in general except some from agriculture and
trade/businesses. Many of the locals are earning their livelihood in foreign countries especially in Gulf States.
Ghalanai is the capital of Mohmand agency and Gandab (Mian Mandi) is the biggest Bazzar. The places of interest in Mohmand Agency are:
• Warsak Dam
Warsak Hydel Power station is situated on the River Kabul about 32 km from Peshawar. The construction of the project was started in 1955 and the power station was commissioned in 1960. Before commissioning of Mangla Power station, it was one
of the major sources of power.
• Munda Dam
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The construction of the project was started in 1955 and the power station was commissioned in 1960. Before the commissioning of Mangla Dam, it was one of the
major sources of power. Munda Dam is being constructed on Swat River to the east of the agency.
• Gandab valley
This historic valley is situated in the Mohmand agency and shoots forth in the north- west direction from Pir Killa, a village on the main Michni-Shabqadar Road, and 32 km to the north of Peshawar. The valley is inhabited by Halimzai section of the Mohmand
tribe.
10.2 ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY
Mohmand Agency’s is around 13% of total FATA population and an area of 229,620
hectares (around 10% of the total FATA area). The cultivated area is around 9% and water availability is an issue in most parts of the Agency.
The source of income is very limited for majority, except for agriculture and general trade/business. Many of the locals are earning their livelihood by working in Middle East states. The main source of Livelihood for the inhabitants is Agriculture and
Minerals. Following is a brief description about economic productivity of Mohmand Agency:
10.2.1 Trade22
Trading activity is reasonably dominant and around 40-50 truck loads per day cross the border to Afghanistan using two crossings; Yaqubi Kandao and Lwar Ghakhai. The major goods moving from Pakistan to Afghanistan includes timber, poultry, fertilizers,
pesticides, etc. and the ones moving to Pakistan includes Electronic goods, fruit, dry fruits, vehicles, vehicle parts, etc. Destinations for imported/smuggled goods are Bajaur, Shabqadar, Peshawar, Charsadda, and Mardan.
10.2.2 Minerals23
There are huge marble reserves in the area, Ziarat Marble mine being known as one of the largest reserve having the best quality of White marble. Other minerals in
Mohmand Agency include Manganese and Quartz etc. In Mohmand Agency huge quantities of Marble are extracted. These deposits have a
great variety of colors and fabrics and thus have vast potential in international Market. In order to process the available marble into products compatible in the international market, a Marble City is being set-up in Mohmand Agency in collaboration with
Pakistan Stone Development Company Islamabad (PASDEC). An area of 300 Acres has been acquired for Mohmand Marble City (MMC). It is an industrial estate with
22 Source: Mohmand Agency – Pakistan Water Gateway; waterinfo.net.pk/…/Brief Profile 23 Source: Website of FATA Development Authority
54
tremendous investment and growth opportunities for the entrepreneurs through infrastructure availability. The Marble City will be equipped with a dedicated
infrastructure, regular power & utilities availability within the same vicinity which will substantially reduce the cost of doing business besides having a continuity of flow in operations.
It is estimated that in addition to other economic benefits, Marble City will generate more than 18,000 direct job opportunities in the area where unemployment is
rampant.
10.2.3 Agriculture24 The Agency has some plain lands suitable for agriculture but there is acute shortage
of water in the area. The geographical area of the Agency is 2,296,000 hectares, of which cultivated area is 21,000 hectares (0.91% of total area of agency). The major produce is Wheat, Maize, Onions, Fruit Orchards and Vegetables. The Safi tehsil of the
Agency is considered as the only tehsil producing surplus wheat that they usually store for future instead of selling in the market. Following is the production of main crops in Mohmand Agency:
• Wheat: 23,940 tons
• Maize: 4,200 tons
• Vegetables: 10,308 tons
• Sugar Cane: 15,357 tons
• Fruits: 3,269 tons
10.2.4 Tourism Potential25
Following are some of the important sites that hold good tourism potential in Mohmand Agency:
1. Michni 2. Grave of Haji Torangzai (Ghaziabad) 3. Ghalanai
4. Khawa zai 5. Chamar Kand 6. Yakkaaund
7. Manda Dam Tourism potential, accessibility, existing infrastructure, availability of utilities and
tourism related facilities of the above- mentioned sites are summarized in Table 17 below:
24 Source: Important/Agency/F.R. Wise Socio-Economic Indicators of FATA, 2009, Bureau of Statistics (FATA Cell), Planning & Development Department, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar. 25 Source: Study on Tourism Potential of FATA, FATA Development Authority, January 2009.
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Table 17: Summary of Tourism Facilities at Potential Sites in Mohmand Agency S.No. Location Touristic Attractions Access Route Accommodation/food/
transport facilities
1 Michni (near Warsak dam)
Scenic recreation, excursion, Historic significance due to presence of fort built by British to fight against locals from Mohmand Agency.
40 km from Peshawar
Michni Rest house owned By C& W Deptt, Small driver hotels, Rent-a-car and taxi available
2 Grave of Haji Torangzai/ Ghaziabad
Historic and religious Significance; Haji Torangzai was a local freedom fighter. His grave is an attraction for tourists; annual Urs is celebrated every year in April.
120 km from Peshawar
Ordinary hotels exist, no restaurants or cafes, Rent-a-car and taxi available
3 Ghalanai Agency headquarters; Government offices are present, historic and scenic importance
100 km from Peshawar
Ordinary hotels, restaurants and cafes available, Rest house in PA Colony available, Rent-a-car and taxi available
4 Khawazai Scenic and historic Importance; area spread up to Durand Line; accessible from Ghandab through Darra Khanch; population on both sides of Durand line also makes the area important.
70 km from Peshawar
Hotels of reasonable service, Small restaurants and cafes exist; Rent-a-car and taxi available
5 Chamar Kand
Scenic beauty 35 km from Peshawar
Ordinary hotels exist, Small roadside restaurants and cafes exist; Rent-a-car and taxi available
10.3 SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN MOHMAND AGENCY
10.3.1 Number and Hierarchy of Settlements
There are 283 rural settlements in Mohmand. Their populations have been
categorized into the following four groups: • Above 4,000
• 3,000-4,000
• 1,000-2,999
• Below 1,000
Out of the total 283 rural settlements in Mohmand Agency, 67 or around 24%
settlements are in Tehsil Upper Mohmand, which is closely followed by Tehsil Ambar Utman Khel which has 64 settlements (about 23%). Least number of settlements is in Tehsil Prang Ghar (less than 6%) and in Tehsil Yake Ghund
56
(Less than 9%). Tehsil Halim Zai, in which Ghalanai falls, has 35 settlements which are around 12% of the total settlements in Mohmand Agency.
Looking at the distribution with respect to population category sizes, about 61% the rural settlements are in the population group 1,000-2,999, followed by
around 28% villages whose population is below 1,000. Together these two categories constitute about 89% of total villages in Khyber Agency. Larger settlements with population above 3,000 are only around 11%.
Focusing on Tehsil Halim Zai in which Ghalanai lies, as already stated, the
number of villages in it is 35 of the total settlements (283) in Mohmand Agency. Table 18 provides the detailed statistics while Graph 6.
Graph 7: Population-wise Distribution of Settlements (Tehsil Halim Zai vs. Mohmand Agency)
0
50
100
150
200
Above 4,000 3,000-4,000 1,000-2,999 Below 1,000
1 2
30
2625
172
80
Nu
mb
er o
f Se
ttle
men
ts
Population Category
Population-wise Distribution of SettlementsTehsil Halim Zai Vs. Mohmand Agency
Tehsil Halim Zai Total Mohmand Agency
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Table 18: Number of Settlements in Mohmand Agency26 Population Categories
Ambar Utman Khel
Tehsil
% Halim Zai
Tehsil
% Pindiali Tehsil
% Prang Ghar Tehsil
% Safi Tehsil
% Upper Mohmand
Tehsil
% Yake Ghund Tehsil
% Total Mohmand Agency
%
Above 4,000
0 0 1 2.86 0 0.00 1 6.25 2 5.41 1 1.49 1 4.17 6 2.12
3,000-4,000
0 0 2 5.71 6 15.00 1 6.25 12 32.43 4 5.97 0 0.00 25 8.83
1,000-2,999
11 17.19 30 85.71 29 72.50 8 50.00 23 62.16 50 74.63 21 87.50 172 60.78
Below 1,000
53 82.81 2 5.71 5 12.50 6 37.50 0 0.00 12 17.91 2 8.33 80 28.27
Total 64 100 35 100 40 100 16 100.00 37 100 67 100 24 100 283 100
Tehsil % 22.61 12.37 14.13 5.65 13.07 23.67 8.48 100
26 Grouping done by Consultants based on data obtained from FATA Bureau of Statistics
58
In case of Mohmand Agency, there are 6 settlements whose population is above 4,000 and 24 settlements having population between 3,000 to 4,000.
In case of Tehsil Halim Zai, there is only one settlements having current population of above 4,000 (Nahqi Yousaf Khel)and three settlements which have population in the range of 3,000 to 4,000(Ghalanai Khaas, Ghazi Kor and
Ahmed Kor). Settlements in Tehsil Halim Zai with population of above 3,000 are as below.
Table 19: Settlements above 3,000 Population in Tehsil Halim Zai
S.No. Settlement Population Tehsil
1 Anargai 6007 Upper Mohmand
2 Kas Korona 5191 Yake Ghund
3 Bakaroo Derai 4910 Prang Ghar
4 Aya Kor 4776 Safi Tehsil
5 Nahqi Yousaf Khel 4376 Halim Zai
6 Habibzai 4135 Safi
7 Sikandar Khel 3869 Pindiali
8 Khadi Khel 3860 Safi
9 Ziarat Khazeena 3846 Safi
10 Yakh Dand 3830 Pindiali
11 Perdais Kor 3741 Pindiali
12 Sagi Payan 3735 Safi
13 Ziarat 3675 Upper Mohmand
14 Ghalani Khas 3670 Halim Zai
15 Chinarai Kazian 3657 Safi
16 Khuedad Kor 3597 Pindiali
17 Ghazi Kor 3575 Halim Zai
18 Sagi Bala Mumda Jan Killi 3471 Safi
19 Juhar Kor 3464 Upper Mohmand
20 Qamar Din Khel 3443 Prang Ghar
21 Sapai 3417 Safi
22 Rahmat Kor 3397 Upper Mohmand
23 Ahmed Kor 3280 Halim Zai
24 Chamarkand Farooq Killi 3253 Safi
25 Ashab Dara 3220 Upper Mohmand
26 Kirra 3201 Prang Ghar
27 Junda Killi 3199 Safi
28 Hussain Khan 3110 Safi
29 Ganda Ghar 3041 Safi
30 Ziarat Adamzai Killi 3011 Safi
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10.3.2 Emerging Development Corridor in Mohmand Agency
In the context of Mohmand Agency, identification of Development Corridor/s
will encourage integrated development within a given space defined by its
economic potential rather than by political boundaries, and will have a positive impact on a wider area including Ghalanai.
Development corridors are those which have economic potential but are presently under-utilized, the development of which would be explored through spatial planning and development projects. They are therefore seen
as a means of prioritizing and promoting inter-related infrastructure and large-scale investments in defined geographic areas and optimize the use of infrastructure. The identified corridors in Mohmand Agency demonstrate more
economic potential through quantifiable qualities such as well-located and relatively more populous settlements, located along or near the main road. The idea is that limited public resources should be focused in areas where
they are likely to have the most advantage, rather than being spread so thinly that they have inadequate impact.
Development Corridor along Ghalanai-Bajaur boundary along the main road is proposed because of the following reasons:
• Availability of Flat Land
• Ground water is available
• Muhammad Ghat can be linked to Afghanistan through Nawapas (road
already exists; needs to be upgraded). It is a short route to Afghanistan and
can be further linked to Central Asia
• Many relatively larger settlements of Mohmand Agency are located along this
stretch.
• Musa Khel area (north-west of Mohmand Agency) and close to the proposed
corridor and is a very scenic area for development as a tourist resort.
The corridor approach represents an understandable and reasonably objective
way to prioritize Agency-level infrastructure projects, stimulate investments into productive capacity and achieve economic densification.
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Map 12:Emerging Development Corridors
11 GHALANAI BOUNDARIES 11.1 THE NOTIFIED BOUNDARY
According to a notification by Political Agent Mohmand in 2011 (Annex 4), the
notified boundary of Ghalanai has been delimited as below:
• Ghalanai including Civil Colony
• Mulyano Mandi
• Chanda Area
• Meel Koroona
• Ghazi Kor
• Durba Khel
• Shani Khel
• Khajawas Kor
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• Main Mandi Gandhab
• Kassi
• Shati Kor.
The above mentioned notification provides village-wise population for the
year 2011. The total population of the notified area for that year is found to
be 27,300.
11.2 THE URBAN BOUNDARY
Urban boundary has been delineated by the consultants based on the fact that substantial agglomeration of settlements and population, civic amenities and Govt offices are located here. Besides, there is adequate vacant land to
absorb the additional population within the defined urban boundary. Densification and contiguity to existing urban area is important to curtail
unnecessary sprawl and thus higher infrastructure cost. Accordingly, most of the primary surveys such as household/socio-economic, landuse and traffic surveys were conducted here. The character of this area is ‘more urban’ than
elsewhere around Ghalanai. However the notified area is larger but has been considered in the landuse strategies. The population of urban area in 2015 has been estimated by the consultants to be 25,723, as described earlier27.
Ghalanai in Tehsil Halim Zai (or even in Mohmand Agency as a whole), is prominent because of being Agency Headquarters and related Govt.
offices/establishments are located here; Otherwise Ghalanai (i.e. the village itself along with the Civil Colony) is a small area and has to be seen in larger context.
The Urban Area for Ghalanai was marked with dexterity, and the Consultants
considered it appropriate to do so in close coordination with Agency Officials,
particularly PA and APA. Special attention was given to village proximity, i.e.
those villages which are fairly close to Ghalanai and have strong
linkages/dependence over it. Care was taken to draw the boundary in such a
way that villages which are close to the potential boundary should not be left
out and should become a part of Ghalanay’s urban fabric. These were thus
also included in the proposed urban boundary. The settlements/villages which
fall in the urban boundary are:
• Wazir Kalay
• Zor Kalay
• Pagul Kor+ Bazar Ghundai
• Aba Khel
• Yousaf Khel
• Miagan Pagul Khel
27 According to the official notification, the population of notified area in 2011 was 27,300, while the population of urban area for the year 2015 as calculated by the Consultants is 25,723. This is because of the time lag of 4 years (2011 vs. 2015), density variation and boundary difference.
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• Adeen Khel
• Mill + Damano Kalay
• Mateen
• Chanda Kalay + Mohajir Korona
• Anat Kor + Landain
• Katar
The summary of villages/areas falling in notified area and urban area is given in Table 20 below:
.
Table 20: Settlements falling in Notified and Urban Area
Notified Area Urban Area
• Ghalanai including Civil Colony
• Mulyano Mandi
• Chanda Area
• Meel Koroona
• Ghazi Kor
• Durba Khel
• Shani Khel
• Khajawas Kor
• Main Mandi Gandhab
• Kassi
• Shati Kor.
• Wazir Kalay
• Zor Kalay
• Pagul kor+ Bazar Ghundai
• Aba Khel
• Miagan Pagul khel
• Adeen khel
• Mill + Damano Kalay
• Mateen
• Chanda Kalay + Mohajir Korona
• Anat kor + Landain
• Katar
63
Map 13: Urban Boundaries
64
12 ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS
12.1CURRENT POPULATION (2015)
The accuracy of estimating the total number of residents for an urban area remains highly questionable and problematic. Professionals of different fields have tried various means of estimating populations by using standard
multipliers and complex formulas for making inferences from historical records. Even differences in the physical size of a settlement, amount of area devoted to housing, the number of stories per house, or even the issue of
what constitutes the extent of an urban area remain highly debated issues. These questions continue today with human settlements.
Cities are the living creations of people and societies that are in a constant state of flux as people move into and out of the city. Major population changes occur between seasons, during times of war, or other significant
events of the time. This is particularly true for the disturbed urban centres of FATA, including Ghalanai.
The Consultants thus encountered many problems and suffered from limited information from different sources pertaining to Ghalanai’s current population. Because of disturbances in the area and influx of IDPs in Ghalanai, the
situation regarding actual population of the Town is fluid. This entailed more spadework, intensive field investigations and primary data collection, so as to
assess correct current population. Ghalanai’s planning area is not just Ghalanai settlement or Agency
Headquarter offices or the adjacent Civil Colony, but also suburbs lying outside the municipal area. Unlike urban settlements in settled areas, there are no definite boundaries/maps of Agency Headquarters/urban areas in
FATA. Such areas at best are agglomerations/clusters of small settlements along with administrative area/civil colony, and their historic population growth rates/populations as reported in past census data are neither
comparable nor reported in a way that can be used to assess current populations or make future estimates.
The Consultants therefore used a number of alternate methods to estimate current population of Ghalanai, which are:
• Population Estimates Using Domestic Electricity Connections
• Population Estimates through House Count on GIS Map
• Population Estimates through Landuse Map
These are described below:
65
12.1.1 Population Estimates Using Domestic Electricity Connections The total number of domestic electricity connections in Ghalanai Urban Area is 2,548. The household size as assessed from household surveys conducted by
Consultants is 11. The total population thus works out to be 28,028.
12.1.2 Population Estimates through House Count on GIS Map
Many of the houses are independent or semi-detached units, and therefore
can easily be counted on GIS map. However in the inner area, the developments are dense and organic. Housing count in this area was therefore problematic, and could only be conducted through physical survey.
The individual house count on the GIS base map developed from satellite imagery was 1,709. Assuming a margin of error of 20 percent (replicating
Khar model in Bajaur Agency), the total housing units in Ghalanai Urban Area would be 2,051. As already stated, the household size in the area is 11. The population thus works out to be 22,559.
12.1.3 Population Estimates through Landuse Map The residential area as calculated in Section 5.2.2 is 408.67 acres. As the name suggests, it is pre-dominantly residential area but also includes internal
streets and lanes, and low-end local level facilities. Allowing 15% for the internal streets etc, the net residential area is around 347 acres or 55,579 marlas28. The average plot size, as calculated through household surveys is
23 marlas, implying that the number of houses is 55,579/23=2,416. Since the household size is 11, the population works out to be 2,416x11=26,581. 12.1.4 Summary of Population Estimates by Different Methods
Table 21 gives a summary statement of population estimates for Ghalanai Urban Area by three different methods. It is clear that estimated population
of Ghalanai in 2015 varies from 22,559 using house count on GIS Map to 28,028 using domestic electricity connections. Average of three methods has been calculated to be 25,723. Rounding it to nearest 1,000, the population
of Ghalanai Urban Area has been adopted to be 26,000 for the year 2015.
Table 21: Summary of Population Statement by Different Methods
S.No. Methodology Based On: Population Estimates (2015)
2 Domestic Electricity Connections 28,028
3 House Count on GIS Map 22,559
4 Landuse Map 26,581
28 1 acre=8 kanals, 1 kanal=20 marlas, 1 marla=272 square feet, 1 acre=160 marlas.
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12.1.5 Implication of Military Operation on Population Flux
The militancy and subsequent operation by the security forces against the
militants in Mohmand Agency has resulted into exodus of a large number of local populations to other districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The socio-economic setup and life fabrics of the communities disrupted and a number of
infrastructures including those of water and sanitation were damaged or rendered unusable due to lack of maintenance. One of the impacts of insurgency was dislocation of 5,500 families from Mohmand Agency29 to
different areas. Out of the 5,500 displaced families, 2,873 returned and rehabilitated without
any external support. The IDPs left less secured areas (away from Ghallanai urban area which is comparatively more secure). Those who returned might have settled around Ghallanai and other areas of Mohmmand Agency; thus
the overall impact in the Agency as a whole might be a loss in population but not a significant impact on Ghalanai urban area.
12.2 POPULATION FORECASTS (2035)
Population till the year 2035 has been projected for the Ghalanai urban area by extrapolation method, using the following formula:
Pn=P0 X (1+r/100)t
Where: Pn=Population of desired year
P0 = Population of base year r = Population growth rate
t = Time period
29 Source: Rural Development Initiative (RID), WASH Emergency IDP Response, Needs Assessment Mohmand Agency, Draft Report (Section 1 Background), June 15, 2010.
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
DomesticElectricity
Connections
House Count onGIS Map
Landuse Map
28,028
22,559
26,581
Population Estimates (2015) for Ghalanai Using Different Methods
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The population of urban area for the year 2015 as seen in previous section is 26,000. Population forecasts were made on the basis of Mohmand Agency
growth rate (4.28%)30 on 5-yearly basis till the year 2035. The population for the year 2035 is projected to be 60,117. Table 22 also shows projections on 5-yearly basis.
Table 22: Population Forecasts (2015-2035)
Year Average Population
2015 26,000
2020 32,061
2025 39,535
2030 48,752
2035 60,117
Graph 8: Population Forecasts (2015-2035)
12.2.1 Extent of Future Population Growth (2015-2035)
In Table 23 below, population forecasts till the years 2035 on 5-yearly basis are given for the urban area. Also shown is the additional population or extent of growth for the periods 2015-2020, 2020-2025, 2025-2030 and 2030-2035.
During this period (i.e. next 20 years) the additional population will be around 34,000. Detailed statistics are shown in Table 23 and illustrated graphically in Graph 8.
30 Source: Development Brief of Mohmand Agency (2008-2009), Page 4 (Socio-Economic Indicators of Mohmand Agency), Bureau of Statistics (FATA Cell), Planning & Development Department, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar.
26,000
32,061
39,535
48,752
60,117
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Population Forecasts For Ghalanai Urban Area (2015-2035)
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Table 23: Extent of Population Growth on 5-Yearly Basis
Year Population
Forecasts
Time Period Population
Increase
2015 26,000 2015-2020 6,061
2020 32,061 2020-2025 7,474
2025 39,535 2025-2030 9,216
2030 48,752 2030-2035 11,365
2035 60,117 2015-2035 34,117
Graph 9: Population Increase on Five-Yearly Basis
12.2.2 Extent of Future Land Requirements in Urban Area
As seen in Section 5.2, the total urban area is spread over 4,291 acres, of which net built-up area is about 569 acres, while open area is about 3,722
acres. Of the total open area, about 50% i.e. about 1,861 acres is developable. The additional population during the period 2015-2035 has been calculated to be 34,117. Based on the adopted population density of 45
persons per acre, land required for the additional population till the year 2035 has been calculated to be 758 acres. The calculations have been made as given in Table 24.
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
2015-20202020-2025
2025-20302030-2035
2015-2035
6,061 7,474 9,216 11,365
34,117
Population Increase on 5-Yearly Basis (2015-2035)
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Table 24: Future Land Requirements
Parameters Area31/Population
Total Built-up Area32 568.85
Total Vacant Land33 3721.72
Developable Vacant Land34 1860.86
Additional Population (2015-2035)35 34,117
Adopted Population Density (persons per acre) 45
Land required for Additional Population36 758
12.3 LANDUSE ZONING
Future landuse policy for Ghalanai should respect the fact that much of its distinct character lies in its diversity of landuses, and its physical, economic
and cultural characteristics. Complete segregation of landuses, particularly in a place like Ghalanai is neither possible nor desirable. However rampant
landuse conversions, which impede easy flow of traffic and a non-amenable living environment for the local residents must be controlled. Congestion in inner areas of the Town puts further pressure on the already overburdened
infrastructure and public services. Commercial areas are of course part and parcel of any human habitat. Planned commercialization itself is not bad; it is the indiscriminate proliferation which should be controlled.
Landuse profile of an urban area and its relationship of human activities and spatial uses are essential for better urban planning in general and landuse
zoning in particular. Planned and optimal urban expansion can be accomplished by implementing
the Structure Plan through zoning regulations and local ordinances for landuse conversions and subdivisions. Zoning is the most widely used form of landuse regulation. Ordinances may include permitted landuses in specific
zones the height and size of buildings, lot sizes, permissible density, parking requirements, and other characteristics of development.
31 Area in Acres 32 Ref. Section 5.2.2 of this Report. 33 Ref. Section 5.2.3 of this Report 34 @50% of total vacant land 35 Ref. Previous Section 36 Land required=Additional population/Population Density
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The criteria for earmarking the landuse zones in Ghalanai were based on the following characteristics:
• Physical and Urban Characteristics • Predominant landuses
• Intensity of development
Considering the parameters mentioned above, the Urban Area of Ghalanai is
proposed to be zoned as below:
▪ Zone 1: Civic Zone
▪ Zone 2 (North) Peripheral Localities/Villages ▪ Zone 2 (South) Peripheral Localities/Villages ▪ Zone 3 Mixed Landuse Zone
These are described as below:
12.3.1 Zone 1 – Civic Zone
This Zone includes:
• The Civil Colony
• Restricted Area/Mohmand Rifles
• Agency Headquarter Hospital
• Sports Complex
• Government Degree College
• Commercial Area
• Allied Uses
The characteristics of Zone 1 are:
• It is relatively thickly populated area.
• Most of it lies north of Peshawar-Bajaur Road
• Ghalanai Bazaar, which is one of the important commercial areas of
Mohmand Agency
• Road side parking area; in this area, indiscriminate road-side parking of
private cars/taxis and unplanned/unauthorized public transport ‘addas’ have
substantially reduced the road capacity, which impede efficient flow of traffic.
Thus it is important to identify parking areas at appropriate locations.
• As mentioned above, many public institutions, offices and community facilities
are located in this zone.
12.3.2 Zone 2 & 3 - Peripheral Localities/Villages
Most of the peripheral villages and clusters are situated towards western and eastern wings of the urban area, and include established villages, some of
which are Ghalanai Khaas, which is the proper Ghalanai settlement itself,
71
Phagul Koruna, Mulyan Mandi, Haji Muzaffar Kile, Khaista Gul Kor, Qaldara, and Dawat Koroona etc.
The vacant areas in between these villages can accommodate substantial segment of projected population, in form of densification.
12.3.3 Zone 4 – Proposed Mixed Landuse Zone
This Zone is proposed on both sides of Peshawar-Bajaur Road, from Zone 1 till the boundary of urban area. Road is a big impetuous for development. At present most area in this zone is lying vacant, but in the years to come, this
zone is bound to develop being adjacent to the main road. It is therefore important that to avoid mushroom/organic growth in form of ribbon development, pre-emptive measure may be taken in form of guided
development and forward planning, so that future growth and development takes place in an organized and planned manner. It may include commercial, residential, institutional and recreational uses.
12.4 ENFORCEMENT OF LANDUSE ZONING
There is a strong need to protect and enhance the quality of Ghalanai’s built environment. To accomplish this, zonal boundaries have been clearly marked
to delineate different zones based on their present and anticipated landuse characteristics. The purpose is to control and direct the use and development of properties in each zone; ensure landuse compatibility, ascertain minimum
standards of health & safety and provide land for public goods and services. Distribution of planning area into different zones is attempted to regulate and
promote a systematic relationship and interaction between various land uses/activities in respect of their approach and accessibility. Non-conforming uses developed either lawfully or unlawfully have to be discouraged with the
aim of their gradual elimination from different areas. The zoning regulations proposed herein are a broader spectrum towards existing and future
developments and are kept flexible in giving permission to auxiliary activities in different zones.
Stringent building control in areas like Ghalanai, at current level of socio-economic development is neither desirable nor possible. In fact, strict control may hinder the developmental activities. Nevertheless, there have to be some
guiding principles to rationalize and reasonably exercise planning control in different zones.
It is therefore imperative that effective municipal institutions should be in place, and proper land use planning and zoning practices be developed along with supporting legislation in order to streamline urban growth.
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This also calls for qualified staff including urban planners to be recruited for municipal body, and initiate trainings to economize land consumption, and
allocate land to its proper uses. To enforce proposed zoning, the following landuse regulations may be
considered. These are based on landuses permitted/permitted on appeal in different planning zones as proposed in Table 25 below. Permitted landuses are those, which the proposed Municipal Committee may allow in a particular
zone. Landuses that can be ‘permitted on appeal’ should be carefully scrutinized by the municipal committee and decided on case-to-case basis.
Uses not specifically provided in a particular zone are prohibited and should not be permitted.
Table 25: Landuses Permitted/Permitted on Appeal in Different Zones
Zone Uses Permitted Uses Permitted on Appeal
Zone-1: Civic Zone Wholesale/retail commercial markets and establishments. Restaurants/Hotels. Business and professional offices Transportation Terminals Recreational Uses Public utilities and buildings Approved parking provisions.
Petrol and gas filling stations
Zone-2 and 3: Urban Residential Area/Peripheral Localities.
Houses, Mosques Primary/High Schools Clinics/Dispensaries Social/Cultural Institutions Local Shopping & Recreational Uses Vegetable gardens and nurseries. Incidental ancillary uses which must be free from nuisance and hazard.
Commercial Offices and Service Shops of Local Character Non-commercial poultry Taxi/rickshaw stand. Restaurants, Graveyards
Zone 4: Mixed Landuse Zone along Ghalanai-Bajaur Road
Residential areas, Shops and commercial centres, educational institutions, recreational places, parks and open spaces, public and religious buildings Playgrounds and related uses, Taxi and rickshaw stands/car parking, Public utilities and municipal facilities.
Petrol filling stations, Hospitals, main transport terminals, storage facilities.
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Map 14: Landuse Zones
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12.5 STRUCTURE PLANNING SCENARIOS
12.5.1 General
How will Ghalanai be in next twenty years? Are the Political Agency, Line Departments, other local municipal entities and FATA Secretariat equipped to
operate successfully in future? How will Ghalanai be affected by environmental degradation? Reduced resources? Increased population? Strategic Plan attempts to address some of these concerns.
Structure Plan is a flexible plan or road map of sector strategies, subtly integrated, and derived from analysis of surveys, investigations and
consultations with different stakeholders. It is likely to steer Ghalanai in a focused direction.
Broadly, goals of a long-term development scenario are to address the major challenges facing Ghalanai. The settlements within the proposed planning boundary of Ghalanai should maintain their character and vitality. However
the growth opportunities should be supported throughout the Mohmand Agency, and not just in the urban area.
Ghalanai itself is a small village, a couple of kilometers away from the Colony Area which mainly comprises of the Government offices and ancillary uses,
adjacent to the ‘restricted area’ where headquarters of Mohmand Rifles are located. Ghalanai also has a bazaar area and some other villages nearby.
For the future urban growth, the most optimum growth direction/s needs to be identified. In which directions urban expansion should be encouraged and why? The Sections below attempt to react to these questions. Subsequently,
landuses proposals will be based on this analysis. 12.5.2 Scenario A: laissez–faire Strategy
In the context of Ghalanai, this Strategy implies ‘Do Nothing’ or ‘Let the things happen as they are’. It is a doctrine opposing governmental interference in
economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary for the maintenance of peace and property rights. It is a practice characterized by a deliberate
abstention from direction or interference. It lets people do as they choose.
According to historical legend, the phrase stems from a meeting in about
1681 between the powerful French finance minister and a group of French businessmen. When the minister asked how the French Government could be of service to the merchants and help promote their commerce, the
businessmen replied simply "Laissez-nous faire" ("Let us be," literally "Let us do").
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Laissez-faire is conceived as a natural system unhindered by the restrictions of government. One of the fundamentals of laissez-faire is that the physical
order of nature is a harmonious and self-regulating. For Ghalanai, this means that let the settlement grow in natural and
indigenous way, without any interference by planners and administrators. But this strategy has problems. In Ghalanai, by letting the things happen as
they are, introduction of landuses in an indiscriminate and careless way may result in haphazard urban development. Thus laissez-faire approach may
result in uncontrolled development of Ghalanai due to lack of planning and zoning regulations.
Although Government can restrict future urban expansion of Ghalanai by restricting the public sector investment within the notified municipal area (as per notification of 2011), but the developments that take place within the
notified urban area can be disorganized without proper planning and zoning regulations (and their implementation). At the same time, there is a need to look for another core or extended arm of Ghalanai in the region for a more
suitable or better location for new Headquarters of Mohmand Agency, to decentralize Ghalanai and at least partially shift some of the Government offices to the new location.
12.5.3 Scenario B: Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis
While the present administrative center is contained within a small area
surrounded by hills, one of the possibilities for future expansion is towards
north-west of Ghalanai Urban Area, in the corridor bounded by Sra Ghundai –
Shani Khel Road in the south and the Khwar towards north. The existing
settlements in this corridor include Ghazi Koruna, Durban Khel, Zafar Kile, and
Shani Khel. The area is contiguous to Ghalanai urban area and has a high
school and a number of primary schools. A mettaled Road forms its southern
boundary, and there is substantial relatively flat/undulating land in the area
and has the capacity to absorb some of future population. A part of the future
population will of course get absorbed in and around Ghalanai urbanised area
where vacant land is available, and also be accommodated though
densification/in-fill development in the nearby villages.
12.5.4 Scenario C: Yousaf Khel Option
One of the growth options could be moving the administrative headquarters
of Mohmand Agency to Yousaf Khel, some 15 km from Ghalanai, which is the
present headquarters. The arguments for this are better water resources in
Yousaf Khel and its more central position in Mohmand Agency. Yousaf Khel
comprises of two valleys, separated by a ridge. To connect them, a tunnel is
76
already under construction. There are large tracts of relatively flat land in
both parts of Yousaf Khel Valley, have pleasing landscape, and with the
completion of tunnel, it will be hardly 10 to 15 minutes of drive between
Ghalanai and Yousaf Khel. As already stated, ground water is available. The
location has also the potential to be developed as a tourist resort and
preparation of a detailed Master Landuse Plan for it may be considered.
However this option needs detailed feasibility study and will only be possible if
the concerned Government decision-makers (and other stakeholders) agree
to it, and provide requisite finances to fund the move.
77
Map 15: Landuse Strategies
78
12.5.5 Preferred Scenario
The above scenarios have been assessed on the basis of various considerations
such as in the Table below:
Table 26: Comparison of Growth Scenarios
S.No.
Parameters
Scenarios
Laissez-faire Strategy
Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis
Yousaf Khel Option
1 Availability of Water
Water in Ghalanai is scarce
Like Ghalanai, water in this corridor is
also scarce
There is greater potential for
availability of water in Yousaf Khel area.
2 Future
Expansion
Land is available to
absorb a part of future population.
Land is available to
absorb a part of future population.
Yousaf Khel is an
open valley with more than adequate land to absorb entire
future population.
3 Contiguity to Existing
Agency Headquarter
Not Applicable The area is contiguous to
Ghalanai, and thus will be a continuation of
existing urban area.
Yousaf Khel is about 15 Kms from
Ghalanai, and focusing on it will result in leap-frog
development.
Location Ghalanai is located in southern corner
of Mohmand Agency.
It is close to Ghalanai and thus
does not have a central location in Mohmand Agency.
Yousaf Khel has a more central
location, not only for Tehsil Halim Zai, but for the entire
Agency, and hence is more accessible.
In view of the above comparison, ‘Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis’ is more appropriate strategy than Laissez-faire Strategy or Yousaf Khel option. It is a duel-core strategy, in which Ghalanai would retain its present character, the land
is available for densification, the area is close to Ghalanai, and thus will be a continuation of existing urban core.
12.6 PROPOSED LANDUSES IN ‘SRA GHUNDAI-SHANI KHEL’ AXIS Based on stakeholder’s consultations, the most sought after urban facilities in
Ghalanai include gymnasium, park, play ground, transport terminal, public toilets, and slaughter house. Most of these are proposed to be located in the
proposed Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis. The first three i.e. gymnasium, park, and
79
play ground can be grouped together into a ‘Recreational Complex’. The bus terminal and taxi stand may be provided along main road near Ghalanai Bazaar
in the direction of ‘Sra Ghundai’. However public toilets should be located at appropriate locations so that the visitors to bazaar area and Agency offices have easy access to these. The slaughter house should be further away such as in
Shani Khel area, but away from residential areas. The proposed space standards are as below:
Table 27: Space Standards for Proposed Landuses
S. NO.
Landuses Area (Kanals)
%age
1 Recreational Complex (gym, park, playground)
50
32.47
2. Transport Terminal
20
12.99
3 Jamia Mosque
4
2.60
4. Slaughter House
5
3.24
5. Miscellaneous/Reserved Area 75
48.70
6. Total 154
100.00
Land requirements for Housing have already been discussed in Section 12.2.2.
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13 INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS 13.1 TRANSPORTATION
13.1.1 Roads
Road from Yakka Ghund to Mohmmad Gat, 64 Km in length (17 Km stretch between Ghallanai and the Tunnel at Yousaf Khel falls within the proposed planning area) is being reconstructed to highway standards by FWO using donor
funds and the stretch is substantially complete. A network of paved roads in good condition measuring about 10 Km (including 4.5 Km of the main under construction road) and 8.5 Km of tracks, katcha roads generally passing through
dry Khwar beds are connecting Ghallanai to the surrounding population. Daily traffic count37 at the entrance to Ghallanai for one day was taken revealing a
traffic load of over 3,000 vehicles passing Ghallanai each day. These vehicles include passenger vehicles including cars, Suzuki vans, Hi-Ace and goods transportation including light and heavy trucks. General condition of the paved
roads is good and no major works are needed except routine timely maintenance.
Paved roads connecting Ghalanai to the nearby villages are scarce and majority of the adjoining villages are connected by katcha tracks often driving through the bed of dry Khawars. Immediate improvements in the internal road network
mainly comprising converting kacha tracks to all weather paved roads are recommended in Map 17.
37 Consultant’s Team conducted a 12 hour Traffic Count on entrance to Ghallanay on 12 March, 2013.
81
Map 16: Proposed Road Projects
82
13.1.2 Bus Terminal/ Adda
A formal and organized transport terminal does not exist in Ghalanai, however in order to cater to local passenger and goods transport linking Ghalanai to Yaka
Ghund and Peshawar on one side and Ghalanai to Bajaur Agency on the other side as well as the surrounding nearby villages, a Taxi Stand and a HI-Ace/ Wagon adda exists in the Bazar. These two stands serve incoming and outgoing
vehicles to and from Ghalanai. Plying vehicles for transportation of passengers and goods vary in shape, size and nature from small Suzuki cars, Datsun
pickups, Hi-Ace to medium and heavy trucks. An estimated daily load38 of 250 light vehicles enter with passengers into Ghalanai from Peshawar, Bajaur and the nearby villages whereas 410 passenger vehicles leave Ghalanai for the same
destinations. Goods transported to Ghalanai on a daily basis are mainly from Peshawar through 125 numbers of light and heavy trucks. Similarly 110 light/ heavy trucks leave Ghalanai for Shabqadar and onwards with goods mainly
marble. It is proposed that an exclusive Terminal/ Adda for passenger and goods
transport shall be constructed in open area preferably in front of the Political Agent compound to reduce congestion and traffic jams in the bazaar area.
13.2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
Drinking water supply systems are scarce in Ghalanai municipal area. The main
supply source is four Tube Wells located in Mian Mandi at a distance of about 9 Km from Ghalanai town. Water from these four Tube Wells is transported to Chanda Booster approximately at a distance of 4 Km and onwards to Ghalanai Booster station located at a distance of further approximately 3 Kms. Water from Ghalanai Booster is pumped to three destinations:
• To a surface reservoir located behind the civil colony
• As direct pumping to the colony and surrounding area
• To a Tanker filling point from where tankers are filled and these are used
to supply water to uncovered areas.
Predominantly the served area under public water supply is limited to the Civil Colony and some adjacent population. Most of the urban area does not have any or proper distribution network. There are also a couple of disputed tube
wells which are non- functional and thus not contributing to the network. There is a need to carry out a detailed study / Master Planning of the existing water supply system in Ghallanay. The study would map the existing network, assess
38 Data obtained from records of the President of Transporters in Ghalanai.
83
population needs, aquifer potential, future requirements and an integrated and complete water supply delivery plan shall be developed. Also, the option and
feasibility of dams and the possibility of bulk water supply to Ghalanai with gravity flow shall be explored. Improvements of emerging nature in the existing water supply system at Ghalanai are shown in Map 18.
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Map 17: Proposed Improvements in Water Supply
85
13.2.1 Quantity of Water Supplied
Present water supply comes from the four tube wells. These Tube Wells supply on the average about 85,000 gallons39 of water per day to the area residents. The current population of Ghalanai urban area is estimated as 25,723 persons.
At the minimum standard of potable water supply40 (7 gallons per capita per person), the supplied water would cater to the entire population at an average of 3 gallons per person per day. However, since a very limited population has been
connected to the public water supply (the colony residents and some adjacent population in the vicinity with an estimated served population close to 5,000 persons), hence theoretically the served population has access to around 17
gallons per capita per person which is still much above the minimum standards. It may also suggest that there is inefficient utilization of the supplied water in the form of leakages and wastage through damaged and old lines, storage tanks and
misuse of water/ wastage at the tankers filling point. 13.2.2 Quality of Water Supplied
Five drinking water samples were collected from Mian Mandi Solar Tube well,
Ghallanai Booster Tank, Ghallanai Storage Tank, Mian Mandi Wajid Tube Well and Chanda Booster station. These were tested from the Environmental Laboratory of the University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar for
physical and chemical testing. Additional water sample from Ghalanai Booster station was tested for bacteriological testing and 0/100 of total Coli form was found. Reported test results are within permissible limits as prescribed by the
WHO. The test results are included in Annexure 5. 13.2.3 Drinking Water Needs
The estimated 2035 population of the planned municipal area would approximately be 59,476 persons. Drinking water requirements at an average of
minimum 7 gallons per capita per day requires supply of at least 416,332 gallons per day. Additional water requirements are thus 331,332 gallons per day. If the number of additional tube wells having capacity of 10,000 gallons per hour and 6
hours daily operation is considered, supply of the additional water would require 6 new tube wells to be drilled in a phased manner up to 2035. In case additional
39 3 Electric Tube wells @ each 3,000 gallons per hour operating for 6 hours plus one Solar @ 3,000 gallons operating for 10 hours would yield approximately 85,000 gallons. Information confirmed with PHE staff. 40 National Drinking Water Policy, Pakistan: Rural Areas: Minimum 20 liters (5 gallons) per capita per day: Urban Areas: Minimum 40 liters (10 gallons) per capita per day. FATA on the verge of rural to urban transformation, the requirement may be estimated at a minimum of 7 gallons per capita per day.
86
larger municipal area as notified and as proposed for future growth is to be served, more water sources will have to be explored.
13.3 STREETS/DRAINS AND SANITATION:
Majority of the streets and drains in the villages are unpaved as close to 2 Km of internal streets are paved (that too within the colony area) whereas about 10 Km are unpaved, mostly in the villages. Hence, major street pavement in the area is
needed. The lengths of drains are estimated about 4 Km along the main road and some internal streets of which about 3 Km are lined and about 1 Km katcha.
Generally, if the streets are paved, the drains are also lined. In kacha streets there is no provision of drains and along the many roads, storm water flows to either side of the road and no formal drains exist. The streets within the villages
are of varying dimensions and some may allow vehicular traffic while most will be used by pedestrians. Hence, a detailed mapping would be required to decide about the type of pavement A detailed study of streets and drains in the entire
area needs to be conducted and a program to pave katcha streets, clean choked drains and line the drains providing adequate section and slope to improve sanitation conditions within the urban areas..
Map 19 indicates needed improvements to the streets and drains.
87
Map 18: Proposed Drainage & Street Projects
88
13.4 TELEPHONE/ POSTAL SERVICES
Pakistan Telecommunication (PTCL) and mobile phone services are available to the majority. There is a PTCL telephone exchange in Ghalanai which was
established in 1993. It provides 730 non-digital connections to the area residents. Almost all mobile phone service providers have installed towers in the area. Postal services are provided through post office. It is suggested that the
telephone exchange may be digitized creating more capacity for new connections. The private sector service provision entities will grow businesses
along the road side and in the bazaar with time. 13.5 SEWERAGE SYSTEM
There is no underground or covered sewerage in the municipal area. Households do not have a proper human waste disposal system, defecate in house and
throw it on garbage heaps/open areas or let it flow outside the house. More than 41% households are not satisfied with the prevailing system. The main reasons cited for dissatisfaction is non-availability or inadequacy of latrines in their homes
(51%). About 29% complained of lack of water for waste disposal, and about 16% said that they did not have flush latrines. However, in the shorter term, the drains which carry human excreta need to be efficient and cleaned properly to
resolve the sanitation issues somewhat. In the long term, measures to construct flush latrines and underground sewer lines and safe disposal of the materials shall be considered. By 2035, the potable water supply demand would reach
approximately 0.4 million gallons a day and taking 70% of the available water as waste water, approximately 0.3 million gallons of waste water would need to be drained. Thus adequate drainage system would be needed.
13.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
There is no formal system of solid waste disposal in Ghalanai. Garbage dumps (locally known as Deran) can be seen on the road side in the bazaar area and in
open spaces in the villages. Traditional systems of garbage disposal is in practice as the residents collect all garbage from their households and dump it in a designated area called Deran. Several dumps in the town have been identified in
the study and discussed in the ‘Existing Situation Report’. Solid waste generation by 2035 would reach approximately 15 tons per day41. In the long term, the municipality needs to launch awareness campaigns along with measures to
collect and transport the waste/garbage to safe disposal through an integrated system of collection, transportation, recycling and safe disposal .
41 0.25 Kg per capita per day: borrowed from elsewhere in FATA so, population of 59,476 would yield 14.87 tons per capita per day.
89
13.7 POWER SUPPLY42
The electrification system in Ghalanai comprise one Grid Station and one Sub-
Station, a 4.193 Km long High Tension Line, 18 number 11 KV Feeder lines totaling 1,456.15 Kilometer long distribution lines and 4,529 distribution transformers. There are 38,809 domestic connections, 1,040 commercial
connections, 590 industrial connection and 2,898 Tube Well connections. The system covers a whole sub division in Mohmmand Agency comprising Halimzai, Safi, Khwezai, Bezai and half of Yakaghund tehsil. The satisfaction level of
residents is very low from the supply of electricity. General complaints are similar to those usually made elsewhere in FATA including excessive load shedding, low voltages, frequent breakdown and absence of electricity sometimes for days in
continuation. Following immediate steps43 are necessary;
• Up gradation of the Grid Station
• Metering of all connections
13.8 SPORTS AND RECREATION
There are no open spaces and the need for these is emphasized by the locals through the household surveys and group interviews. One children park is
available but it needs major improvement and provision of park furniture and facilities. A small zoo is under construction in Ghalanai town. There is a sports stadium with a seating capacity of 3,000. Sports including cricket, foot ball,
volley ball, etc are normally played by youth. The physical condition of the stadium needs major repairs/ rehabilitation works. Social events are normally
conducted in the Jirga Hall.
13.9 LONG TERM PROJECTS
Keeping in view the future development of the area, some needed interventions are indicated for each sector as the long term investment plans. These are as
below:
• Roads
o Paved Link all weather roads connecting Ghallanai to most of the
surrounding villages.
• Water Supply
o Feasibility to explore possibility of storage dams and uplift water
systems to be launched.
42 The figures given in this section are for Mohmand Agency as a whole. In urban area, the number of domestic power connections is 2,548, as given in Section 12.1.1. 43 Recommendations of TESCO local staff
90
o Potential of ground water aquifer within or the periphery of the
planned area to be determined to cater to Ghallanay.
• Streets/ Drains and Sanitation
o All streets within the urban area shall be paved lined drains shall be
provided.
• Solid Waste Management
o An integrated Solid waste Management System including collection,
transportation, transfer stations, recycling, landfill, etc shall be
established for the town.
o Extensive education and awareness campaigns on personal and
house hold hygiene through development and implementation of
strategies for Behavior Change Communication and Hygiene
Promotion shall be undertaken through community development
projects.
• Others:
o Recreational facilities like Parks, Sports Grounds, and Community
meeting hall shall be provided.
o A modern Slaughter house within healthy environment need to be
provided within the Municipal area.
o Public toilets in the bazaar area, with parks and other public spaces
shall be provided and maintained in clean and hygienic conditions.
o Parking spaces for public and private vehicles shall be provided.
13.10 SHORT TERM PROJECTS (IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN)
The Immediate Action Plan identifies projects which have been finalized on the basis of field surveys, group interviews and discussions with different stakeholders including the line departments of the Agency. These
projects/schemes need to be taken up urgently and executed in the next 3-5 years. The Action Plan sets-out measures to be taken over a 5-year period, detailing actions required on yearly basis. Actions have been phased over time
and include sufficient time for feasibility, detailed planning & design process, political approval and securing investment and operating budgets. The plan can have major political, institutional, technical and financial implications, all of which
will have to be addressed clearly and effectively if it is to be agreed, adopted and implemented. The Projects identified under the Immediate Action Plan are as below:
• Roads:
91
o Link Road connecting Sialago Banda, Dawat Koroona, Kaddi No. 7 and
Kaddi No. 4 villages and Yar Jan Kalay to be constructed as all weather
paved roads.
• Water Supply:
o Feasibility studies to map existing water supply network, requirements,
aquifer potential, new ground water sources and the possibility of a greater
water supply/ gravity flow options for Ghalanai shall be carried out.
o New tube wells with pressure pumps at various identified localities are
needed to serve residents.
o Three 50 HP pumps at Chanda Booster Station to be replaced.
o Two 40HP each pumps to be replaced at Ghalanai Booster station.
o Existing tube Well at Yar Rahim , if feasible need to be converted to
solar power.
o Provision of 4 inch dia, 7 Km long HDP line from Mian Mandi to
Ghalanai Khaas.
o Rehabilitation of distribution system at Civil Hospital.
o 30,000 ft pipe required for distribution network at Ghalanai Khaas,
Dawat Koroona and other identified locations.
• Streets/ Drains and Sanitation:
o An estimated 10 Km of streets need to be paved along with lined
drains.
• Solid Waste Management:
o Present Garbage dumps to be protected/ contained and managed.
14 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
Present administrative set up, infrastructure provision, operation and maintenance responsibilities of various line departments, proposed Municipal Committee and an implementation structure proposed for the structure plan are
discussed in detail in Annexure 6. The LGO 2012 for FATA included elaborate section on Municipal Committees in
all agencies but since the LGO 2012 could not be implemented so far due to several reasons, therefore a formal municipal committee does not exist at
present in Ghalanai. The Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa approved the establishment of Municipal Committees in the fourteen urban hubs identified by TARUCCI and a notification by FATA Secretariat was issued in November 2010
(Notification copy included in Annexure 6). The functions of a Municipal Committee in respect of municipal planning,
management and service delivery as contained in LGO 2012 and described in the
92
Notification require the establishment of the Municipal Committee and assigning of appropriate staff ( Municipal Officer, Engineers, Town Planner, Water supply
and sanitation as well as Solid Waste Management systems and resources) as the first step. Future developments and improvement in service delivery within the municipality will only be possible if an integrated, holistic approach by an
entity with ownership is established. Otherwise, investments will have to be made through the existing line department’s portfolio and the operation/ maintenance responsibilities will suffer since the line departments already have
meager resources for subsequent operation and maintenance of facilities. Thus it is essential that the structure for a Municipal Committee is put in place as early
as possible. In the absence of an MC, the annexure… presents some possible options for implementation of the structure plan, immediate and long term action plans.
15 REVENUE GENERATION
Chapter IX of FATA Local Government Regulations, 2012 is about Local Council Taxation. Salient features this Chapter are as below:
i. On commencement of the above regulations, every town shall be a rating area.
ii. The Municipal Committee shall determine the rate of property tax in its area; Provided that in the areas within a town where rate has not been determined, the areas shall be deemed to be exempted from property tax
till determination of the rate. iii. A Local Council subject to the provisions of any other law may, and if
directed by the Governor shall, levy all or any of the taxes, cesses,
fees, rates, rents, tolls, charge, surcharges and levies specified in the Second Schedule.
iv. The Governor may cause Model Tax Schedules to be framed and when
such Schedules have been framed a Local Council shall be guided by them in levying a tax, rate, toll or fee.
v. Failure to pay any tax and other money claimable under this Regulation
shall be an offence. vi. The Governor may empower any Local Council to recover arrears of
taxes or any other moneys claimable by the Local Council under this
Regulation by distress and sale of the movable property belonging to the person concerned or by attachment and sale of the immovable property belonging to him.
vii. A Local Council may by notification, call upon any person to furnish such information, produce such record or accounts or to
present such goods or animals liable to any tax as may be necessary for the purpose of determining the liability of such person, goods or animals to a tax.
93
viii. If a Local Council levies a tax on professions, trades or callings, it may require the employer of the person liable to such tax to deduct the
tax from the salary or wages payable to such person, and on such requisition the amount of the tax due shall be deducted from the salary or wages of the persons concerned and credited to the Local Fund of the
Council. ix. All taxes and other charges levied by a Local Council shall be imposed,
assessed, leased, compounded, administered and regulated in such
manner as may be provided by rules. x. Rules framed under this article may, among other matters, provide for
the obligation of the tax payer and the duties and powers of the officials and other agencies responsible for the assessment and collection of taxes.
94
ANNEXURES
95
Annexure 1: Projected Population of Individual Villages & Urban Units of Mohmand Agency in 2014-15
96
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION
2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
*MOHMAND AGENCY 481564 252556 229008
*AMBAR UTMAN KHEL TEHSIL 44244 22816 21428
*AMBAR UTMAN KHEL TRIBE 44244 22816 21428
*MESAR KOR SECTION 966 448 518
MALIK WAZIR KILLI 966 448 518
*MUHAMMAD KOR SECTION 11826 6330 5496
ALAI SHAH EAST 714 384 330
ALAI SHAH SOUTH 942 514 428
DARO 370 197 173
EZAT KHAN KILLI 707 366 341
GHATUL KILLI 707 389 318
GHUNDAI 658 370 288
LUE SHAH NO.1 789 415 374
LUE SHAH NO.2 868 459 409
LUE SHAH NO.3 320 171 148
LUE SHAH NO.4 403 197 206
LUE SHAH NO.5 534 298 236
MALIK DAD MIR NO.1 271 138 132
MALIK DAD MIR NO.2 312 173 140
SANGAR 652 317 335
SANGAR LANDAI 792 459 333
SAPRAI 452 239 213
SARA SHAH 1202 654 549
SHAHJI KILLI 1132 589 543
*UMAR KHEL SECTION 31452 16039 15414
AJDARA 864 432 432
ALAI 1235 636 599
ALAI & SORDAGAI NO.1 618 297 321
ALAI NO.2 618 354 263
BAMDARA 1021 494 527
BAMDARA 448 227 220
BASOOR KOR 1205 600 605
BAT MINA 573 255 318
BAT MINA SOUTH PART 429 194 235
BAT MINA WEST PART 572 295 276
CHARGULAI 419 233 186
97
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
CHARGULAI SOUTH PART 572 255 317
CHARGULAI WEST PART 788 382 406
DAB KILLI NORTH PART 1086 616 469
DABAGAI NO.1 596 287 310
DABAGAI NO.2 541 275 266
DANOO NAWAR 1368 717 651
HAD NO.1 279 138 141
HAD NO.2 494 265 229
JOHAR KILLI NO.2 536 282 253
JUHAR 1048 505 543
JUMA KHAN MIAN KHEL 361 200 161
KAJERA 1823 943 880
KAMANGARA 854 465 389
KAMANGARA NO.2 514 271 243
KHAR KANAI 563 272 291
KHUGA 886 464 422
KOTKAI 533 278 255
MANIAI 249 111 138
MANZAI EAST PART 243 144 99
MIAN MUHAMMAD KHAN KILLI 225 107 118
MUHQAM KHAN KILLI 1438 733 706
NARAI KAMBAR 677 383 294
PAI KHAN 618 330 288
PAM POKHA 220 112 108
PAM POKHA NORTH 366 179 187
PAMPOKHA 599 301 298
RAMBAT 782 363 419
SAHAB KHAN KILLI 1567 796 770
SAHIL KOR 579 291 288
SERAI 318 164 154
SHANO KOR NORTH 811 399 412
SHANO KOR SOUTH WET 638 327 311
SHAWRAI 651 354 297
ZAWANI MINA 631 312 318
*HALIM ZAI TEHSIL 69715 36433 33282
*HALIM ZAI TRIBE 48054 25313 22741
*BAR KACHI KHEL SECTION 7261 3711 3551
98
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
KASAI 2890 1535 1355
KHAWAJA USKOR 1692 890 802
WACHA JAWARA 2680 1286 1394
*BARO KHEL SECTION 4105 2161 1944
NUSRAT KOR 2226 1179 1047
SABZ ALI 1879 982 897
*BIBI/HAMZA KHEL SECTION 4140 2153 1987
CHARAGHAN 1680 883 798
MALIK GHANI 2459 1270 1189
*DURBA KHEL/SULTAN KHEL SECTION 12538 6436 6102
GHAZI KOR 3575 1811 1764
HARAM CHINA 1323 662 661
KAMAL KOR 2158 1163 995
MALIK ABDUL MANAN 1754 894 860
NASA PAI 1309 646 662
SHANI KHEL 2419 1258 1161
*KUZKADI KHEL SECTION 16276 8898 7378
GHALANI COLONY 2250 1592 658
GHALANI KHAS 3670 1947 1724
HAJI UMAR SAID 1329 688 641
KATA SAR 2104 1041 1063
RAMI KHEL 1238 652 586
TANA 1385 716 670
WAHEED SHEIKH 1667 911 756
YOUSAF KHEL KATA SAR 1064 517 547
ZAMAN KHAN 1568 834 734
*SHATI KHEL SECTION 3734 1954 1780
MALOOK KOR 2255 1182 1073
NAVAI KILI 1479 772 707
*KAMALI HALIM ZAI TRIBE 21661 11120 10541
*ATO KHEL SECTION 5941 3018 2923
AHINGARAN 1395 720 675
ALAM BEG 1905 973 932
SAMAD KOR 2641 1325 1316
*BASHA KHEL SECTION 4550 2274 2276
ABDUL MATEEN 981 521 459
ALI HASSAN 1482 720 762
99
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
ISLAMUDIN MALIK 900 439 461
ZAMAN (ATO KHEL) 1188 593 595
*SHAH BEG SECTION 1941 994 947
DAIM KOR 1941 994 947
*YOUSAF KHEL SECTION 9229 4835 4394
GHAZI BEG 2920 1551 1369
KAKI KOR 1934 950 983
NAHQI YOUSAF KHEL 4376 2334 2042
*PINDIALI TEHSIL 73830 38824 35006
*BURHAN KHEL TRIBE 21382 11209 10173
*HASANI KOR SECTION 9240 4907 4333
AHMED KOR 3280 1711 1569
BERA MIANA 2547 1398 1149
CHAPPAR KILLI 1523 788 736
GULDIN KILLI 651 356 295
HASSANI KOR 1238 655 583
*HAYATI KOR SECTION 9467 4858 4609
AKBAR KHAN 595 317 278
DARYAB KORONA 1821 884 937
GHULABA KHAN KILLI - - -
HAJI FAZLI KALAI 1397 753 644
HAYATI KOR 2068 1070 998
ISMAIL SHER KILLI 1865 934 930
KOHI BURHAN KHEL 1722 900 822
*KRAPAWAL SECTION 2675 1444 1231
AMIR KHAN KILLI 1456 779 677
KRAPA NO.2 1220 665 554
*DEVEZAI TRIBE 22230 11650 10580
*BABAZAI SECTION 12773 6397 6376
AYUPI KOR 2405 1264 1140
FAQIR KOR 1333 684 649
KHUEDAD KOR 3597 1529 2068
PISHA KOR 1921 1053 868
SAID SAHIB KOR 539 279 259
SHATO KHEL 1132 619 513
SHEIKH ISMAIL 1847 969 878
*MAMAZI SECTION 5722 3199 2523
100
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
ASOO KOR 1479 808 671
DAMI KOR NO.2 2128 1176 952
GUL KHAN KOR 913 507 406
PIPAL AREA 1202 708 494
*MIANGAN SECTION 3735 2053 1682
MIANGAN (INZARAI) 3735 2053 1682
*ISA KHEL TRIBE 22515 11823 10692
*KANDAI SECTION 10507 5509 4998
GARDAI 2392 1243 1149
MAMU KOR 1770 893 877
SIKANDAR KHEL 3869 2086 1783
ZARITGUL KOR 2477 1287 1189
*MUNDA KHEL SECTION 1899 979 920
MUNDA KHEL 1899 979 920
*YOUSAF KHEL SECTION 10109 5335 4775
BRANGOLA 2160 1188 972
JABI KOR 1217 628 589
MORZADA KILLI 1950 969 981
PERDAIS KOR 3741 2010 1731
TURA GARAI 1042 540 503
*UTMANZAI TRIBE 7703 4142 3561
*AMNO KHEL SECTION 3830 2089 1741
YAKH DAND 3830 2089 1741
*DAG SECTION 3873 2053 1820
ARSALA 1050 547 503
HASHIM KILLI 1129 575 554
MALIK MASTAN 678 370 308
SAHIB NUR KILLI 1017 562 455
*PRANG GHAR TEHSIL 26810 13827 12983
*LAMAN UTMAN KHEL TRIBE 26810 13827 12983
*DERI KHEL SECTION 5044 2583 2461
KIRRA 3201 1631 1569
SRA SAHA(DINI KHIL) 1843 952 891
*MULLAHGAURI SECTION 3454 1772 1682
DEW DERAI 1947 1011 936
PIAW KHAN 1508 762 746
*PAKHI KOR SECTION 3044 1604 1440
101
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
NAVAI KILLI (NORTH WEST) 580 305 275
NAVAI KILLI (SOUTH WEST) 962 491 471
RANG MINA 456 251 206
SPINA KHAWAR 1045 557 488
*SARA ZERAK SECTION 1965 996 969
ZERAK BOCHA 1965 996 969
*SHAHDAD KHEL SECTION 7833 4030 3803
BAKAROO DERAI 4910 2524 2386
ZIARAT 2923 1506 1417
*UMER KHEL SECTION 5470 2841 2629
BAH LOLA 2086 1031 1055
GHUNDAI KILLI 727 376 351
KOTAGAI 1133 632 501
QAWAL BASHIR 668 341 327
SAPARAI 855 461 395
*SAFI TEHSIL 102954 53745 49208
*GUR BAZ TRIBE 19098 10004 9094
*KHADI KHEL SECTION 3860 1978 1882
KHADI KHEL 3860 1978 1882
*MALUTAM KOR SECTION 2114 1136 978
MALUTAM KOR 2114 1136 978
*QALAGAI SECTION 2855 1643 1212
QALAGAI 2855 1643 1212
*TANGA GURBAZ SECTION 10269 5247 5022
ADIN KHEL 2448 1271 1176
GAGIZAI (GHAZIABAD) 2919 1467 1451
GANDA GHAR 3041 1569 1472
KHAN QAH MIAN GAN 1862 939 923
*MASOOD TRIBE 21467 11324 10142
*ADAMZAI SECTION 6210 3477 2733
JUNDA KILLI 3199 1741 1459
ZIARAT ADAMZAI KILLI 3011 1736 1274
*CHINARAI SECTION 8632 4347 4285
CHINARAI BALA 1035 570 465
CHINARAI KAZIAN 3657 1853 1804
CHINARAI PAYAN 2092 1025 1067
MALIK MIAN JAN KORONA 1847 898 949
102
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
*SAID KHAN KOR SECTION 6625 3500 3124
KAGA PAND 2779 1425 1353
ZIARAT KHAZEENA 3846 2075 1771
*QANDHARI TRIBE 27874 14627 13247
*KAMAL KHEL SECTION 17215 9001 8214
AYA KOR 4776 2456 2320
HABIBZAI 4135 2203 1932
KAMAL KHEL 2150 1114 1035
SAPAI 3417 1827 1590
WALI KOR 2737 1400 1338
*MIRZA KHEL SECTION 10659 5627 5032
HUSSAIN KHAN 3110 1688 1423
MALIK SULTAN SUNDU KHEL 2167 1103 1064
QAMAR DIN KHEL 3443 1808 1634
SHAHALAM KHEL 1939 1028 911
*SHENWARI TRIBE 34515 17789 16725
*ALINGAR SECTION 8870 4487 4383
ALINGAR BALA 2983 1502 1482
ALINGAR PAYAN 1682 829 852
MALIK LALUNO KILLI 2904 1461 1443
MALIK ROOFAT KILLI 1300 694 606
*CHAMARKAND SECTION 7903 4034 3869
CHAMARKAND FAROOQ KILLI 3253 1650 1603
QAYUM KOR 2203 1159 1044
SARDARAI KILLI 2448 1225 1222
*SAGI SECTION 11771 6099 5672
SAGI BALA 2648 1412 1235
SAGI BALA JUMA KHAN KILLI 1916 1008 909
SAGI BALA MUMDA JAN KILLI 3471 1698 1774
SAGI PAYAN 3735 1981 1754
*SHEKH BABA SECTION 5971 3169 2802
SHEKH BABA (MALIK MUZDAR) 2972 1497 1474
SHEKH CHIRRI KILLI 2999 1672 1328
*UPPER MOHMAND TEHSIL 115443 61799 53645
*BAIZAI TRIBE 71041 38322 32719
*ESA KHEL SECTION 6698 3723 2975
HASSAN BEG KOR 1423 766 657
103
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
JAROBAI 2229 1221 1008
SHENDARA 1451 780 671
UGHAZ 1595 956 639
*KHUGA KHEL SECTION 14050 7601 6449
ANARGAI 6007 3351 2657
LAKARAI 2098 1078 1019
TALALAI 2271 1221 1050
ZIARAT 3675 1951 1724
*KODA KHEL/ATMAR KHEL SECTION 17671 9545 8127
ATAM KILLI 1273 675 598
AZAD KOR 1137 652 485
BILAND KOR 1119 603 515
HASSAN KHEL 2694 1660 1034
KHAIR BANDAI KILLI 1994 1027 968
KHANJAR 1378 724 654
LAKHAR KOR KHEL 1928 963 965
MANZARAI CHINA 487 284 203
MULA KHEL BAR KILLI 2396 1244 1152
TUR KHAIL KANDAI 986 526 461
TUR KHEL 1341 695 645
WALI KOR 939 491 448
*MUSA KHEL SECTION 32621 17452 15169
ARZANO KOR 1305 754 550
BAHADAR KILLI 1215 648 567
BAR CHINARAI 805 406 399
BAR GHANAM SHAH 2003 1094 909
BAR KHARA SHAH 1395 720 675
BARA MATAI 596 294 302
BARA SHAHGAI 1680 850 831
GADAI TANGI 2580 1273 1307
INZARAI 1060 580 479
KARWANDA 576 302 274
KHARA KILLI 2168 1271 897
KUZA MATAI 2510 1279 1231
KUZA SHAGAI NO.1 976 479 497
KUZA SHAGAI NO.2 1810 947 862
RAHMAT KOR 3397 1724 1673
104
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
SAFARO KILLI 1837 1071 766
SAR LARA 1035 569 467
SARA KHAWA 1591 996 595
SHAH KHAN TANGI 1290 697 593
SHAKOOR KORONA 1312 701 610
SHENWARI BAHADAR KILLI 1480 796 684
*KHAWAZAI TRIBE 44402 23477 20925
*BABOZAI SECTION 25274 13415 11859
ALLADAD MINA 1263 661 602
ASHAB DARA 3220 1713 1506
GHAIR DAND 2091 1217 874
GULMA 1294 622 672
HAJI ABDUR RASOOL 2288 1161 1127
HAMDA KHAN 1735 996 739
KHANZADGAN 1182 670 513
LANDAI SHAH 1761 933 828
SAID KHAN (DABARZAI) 1752 890 862
SHAMSHA 981 543 438
SHEIKHANO KILLI 1322 631 691
SPINKAI TANGAI 1400 747 652
SPINKAI TANGAI SOUTH 636 359 278
SPINKAI TANGAI SOUTH CENT.PART 811 428 383
TILA 1195 603 592
TURA KHAWA 2344 1243 1101
*TUTA/KHADI KHEL SECTION 19128 10062 9067
ABA KOR 2832 1492 1341
ABDUL KOR 826 389 438
HALKI KOHI 2325 1178 1148
JUHAR KOR 3464 1839 1626
LALAI KILLI 1387 711 675
MAZRINA 2014 1077 937
MUHMMAD SHER KILLI 1762 900 862
NAGAR MIANGAN 1713 959 754
SAM GHAKAI 887 475 412
ZANAWAR CHINA 1916 1042 874
*YAKE GHUND TEHSIL 48568 25113 23455
*TARAKZAI TRIBE 48568 25113 23455
105
Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15
NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT
POPULATION 2014-15
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
*DADU KHEL SECTION 18427 9494 8933
BUNGLOW NO.1 1374 678 695
DAB KOR 1706 926 780
GORGORAI 1793 932 861
HASHAM ALI 1893 1004 890
ISLAM SHAH KILLI 1971 1011 960
KARIRI 2333 1201 1132
KUZ BUNGLOW 1924 877 1047
MUHAMMAD AZAM (SPARAI) 970 488 482
RAWAL KOR 2695 1461 1234
TANGO KILLI (GURGURAI) 1768 917 851
*QASIM KHEL SECTION 30140 15618 14522
AMRUD KHAN KORONA 2052 1091 960
BURJ KILLI 1545 789 756
DAG QASIM KHEL 1724 867 857
EKA GHUND 1849 946 903
HAFIZ KOR 1806 929 877
KADO KORONA 1853 970 883
KAS KORONA 5191 2628 2563
KONRA COLONY 2534 1366 1168
LATIF KORONA 992 507 485
MATEEN KOR 2222 1127 1094
SHALAM SALAI 1778 966 812
SHIND GHUNDAI 2258 1130 1127
SRO KILLI 1791 939 852
ZUR ZARIF KOR BALA 2547 1362 1185
106
Annexure 2: Household Questionnaire
107
Tribal Areas Rural to Urban Centres Conversion Initiative (TARUCCI)
FATA Urban Centres Project (FUCP) Structure Plan for Landi Kotal/Ghalanay
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS Form ID: _____________
INSTRUCTIONS
Begin the interview with the following:
• Your name and professional affiliation with the project
• Assurance of confidentiality • Expected duration of the conversation: Approximately 20 minutes
• Ask them if they have any questions for you (prepare answers to possible questions)
• Ask for consent to conduct the interview
I1. Name of Surveyor:
I2. Survey Date (dd/mm/yy):
I3. Name of Head of the Household
I4. Respondent: (Circle one number)
Head of HH
1
Other Please Specify
2
I5. Name of Town
(Circle one number)
Landi Kotal 1 I6.Name of Locality/ Mohalla
Ghalanay 2
Q1. How many persons are living in this house?(Please fill the following spaces)
Total Gender
Female Male
108
Q2. Age-Sex Composition of Household:(Please fill the following spaces)
S. No.
Age (years)
Gender
Male = 1 Female = 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 +
Q3. What are the main Sources of Drinking Water (Circle one number in each
row for distance and level of satisfaction)
Sources of drinking water
Distances to drinking water sources (kms)
Level of satisfaction with drinking water
0 <1
1-2 2-5 >5
Not Applicabl
e (Don’t read)
Don’t Know (Don
’t read)
Satisfied
In-different
Not Satisfie
d
Not Applicabl
e (Don’t read)
Don’t Know (Don
’t read)
Municipal Tap inside the
House/compound
1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98
Municipal Tap
outside compound
1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98
Motor pump
inside the compound
1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98
Hand pump inside the compound
1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98
Hand pump outside the compound
1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98
Well 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98
River/Canal/Stre
am 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98
109
Any Other (Specify)
1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98
Q4. Are you satisfied with the drinking water inside the house?(Circle one number)
Satisfied 1 Skip to Q5 Natural/Indifferent 2 Skip to Q5 Dissatisfied 3 GOTO Q4a Not applicable(Do not read)
97 Skip to Q5
Don’t Know(Do not read) 98 Skip to Q5 Q4a. If not satisfied in Q4, Please state the reason of dissatisfaction;
Q5. Do you have sanitation system (Human waste) inside the house?(Circle one number)
Yes No
(DO NOT READ) Don’t
Know
Refused to answer/No
reply
1 GOTO Q5a
2 Skip to
Q7
98 Skip to
Q7
99
Skip to Q7
Q5a. Type of sanitation system (Human waste) inside House: (Circle one number)
Piped sewerage 1
Septic tank 2
Flush latrine 3
Non-flush latrine (Dry
system) 4
Any other facility (Please
Specify)
5
Don’t Know (Do not read) 98
110
Q6. Are you satisfied with the sanitation system inside the house?(Circle one number)
Satisfied 1 Skip to Q7 Natural/Indifferent 2 Skip to Q7 Dissatisfied 3 GOTO Q6a Don’t Know (Do not read)
98 Skip to Q7
Q6a. If not satisfied in Q6, Please state the reason of dissatisfaction;
Q7. Is there any system for drainage of Rainwater & Household Wastewater outside
the House? (Circle one number)
Yes No
(DO NOT READ) Don’t
Know
Refused to answer/No
reply
1 GOTO Q7a
2 Skip to
Q9
98 Skip to
Q9
99
Skip to Q9
Q7a. Type of drainage of rainwater & household wastewater outside the House:
(Circle one number)
Piped sewers 1
Covered drains 2
Open lined drains 3
Open unlined drains 4
Any other facility (Pl.
Specify)
5
Don’t Know (Do not read)
98
Q8. Are you satisfied with the drainage of rainwater & household wastewater outside the House?(Circle one number)
Satisfied 1 Skip to Q9 Natural/Indifferent 2 Skip to Q9 Dissatisfied 3 GOTO Q8a Don’t Know (Do not read)
98 Skip to Q9
111
Q8a. If not satisfied in Q8, Please state the reason of dissatisfaction;
Q9. Is there any system of collecting solid waste? (Circle one number)
Yes No
(DO NOT READ) Don’t Know
Refused to answer/No reply
1 GOTO Q9a
2 Skip to
Q11
98 Skip to
Q11
99 Skip to Q11
Q9a. Who Collects Solid Waste? (Circle one number)
Municipal Committee 1
Union Council 2
Privately 3
Paid Sweeper 4
Any other facility (Pl.
Specify)
5
Don’t Know (Do not read)
98
Q10. Are you satisfied with the Solid Waste Disposal System?(Circle one number)
Satisfied 1
Skip to Q11
Natural/Indifferent 2
Skip to Q11
Dissatisfied 3
GOTO Q10a
Don’t Know (Do not read)
98 Skip to
Q11
Q10a. If not satisfied in Q10, Please state the reason of dissatisfaction;
Q11. What Are the Main Problems of Your Area (in order of priorities?)
• Problem 1:
• Problem 2:
• Problem 3:
112
• Problem 4:
• Problem 5:
Q12. Type of house(Circle one number)
Isolated/Free Standing 1
Row House 2
Semi Detached 3
House in Family Compound If house in compound, state number of houses in Compound
_________
4
Others (Please specify)
6
Q13. Number of habitable44 and other Rooms (tick/write in appropriate column):
One Two Three Four Five Greater
than five
No. of Baths
No. of latrines
Bath & Latrine
Combined
No. of Kitchens45
1 2 3 4 5 6
Q14. Nature of Tenure (Circle one number)
Owned 1
Rented 2
Govt. Residence 3
Any other facility (Pl.
Specify)
4
Don’t Know (Do not read)
98
Q15. Period of construction in Years (Circle one number)
Last 5 years 1
5 – 10 years 2
11 – 25 years 3
44 Excluding kitchen, latrine, bathrooms etc. 45If used separately by different households in a house.
Housing
113
26 – 50 years 4
More than 50 years 5
Don’t Know (Do not read)
98
Q16. Type of structure (Please observe and not ask from the respondent)
Pucca 1
Semi-pucca 2
Katcha 3 Number of Storeys (Please observe and not ask from the respondent)
Single 1
Double 2
Triple 3
More than 3 Plot Size
Size (Marlas)
5 & Below
5 to 7
7-10
10-15
15-20
20+
Total
Q17. Since when are you living in this house (Number of years): ________________
Q18. Where did you live before shifting here:________________________________
Q19. Do you intend to shift from this place to some other area in near future?
Yes No
(DO NOT READ) Don’t
Know
Refused to answer/No
reply
1 GOTO Q19a
2 Skip to
Q20
98 Skip to
Q20
99 Skip to Q20
114
Q19a. If yes in Q19, Which area you are planning to move: ____________________________
Q19b. If yes in Q19, What is the reason of moving:
___________________________________
Q20. Number of Earning Members in the Household
Male Female Total
Q21. Details about Earning Members:
Earning
Members in the Household
Occupation
Age Qualification Gender Monthly Income
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Q22. Annual Household Income from Other Sources
Source Annual Income (Rs) Agriculture Property Rent Shop Keeping Transport Other (Pl. Specify)
Total
115
Q23. Number of Students the Household
Level Number of
Male Students
Number of Female
Students Below Primary
Primary
Middle
High
College University
Others (Specify) Q24. Number of Literate Members in the Household (Other than Students)
Educational Level
Number of Male Members
Number of Female
Members Under Primary
Primary
Under Matric
Matric
Intermediate
Graduate
Post Graduate Others (Pl. Specify)
Q25. What Priority Projects Are Needed for Your Area
Signature of Surveyor________________________
Checked and Countersigned by Survey Supervisor_____________________
Date____________________
ENDING THE QUESTIONNAIRE: • END ON A POSITIVE NOTE
• Offer to answer any questions the respondent may have
• Thank the respondent for their time
116
Annexure 3: Household Survey Data
117
Table A-1: Number of Household Interviews Conducted
Village Name Total Population
(2015)
% Population
No. of Interviews Conducted
Wazir Kalay 659 7.98 16
Zor Kalay 676 8.18 16
Pagul kor+ Bazar Ghundai
1,341 16.23 32
Aba Khel 471 5.70 11
Yousaf khel 294 3.56 7
Miagan Pagul khel 235 2.84 6
Adeen khel 571 6.91 14
Mill + Damano Kalay
676 8.18 16
Mateen 294 3.56 7
Chanda Kalay + Mohajir Korona
853 10.33 21
Anat kor + Landain 1,859 22.50 45
Katar 332 4.02 8
Total 8,261 100.00 200
Table A-2: Household Sizes in Ghalanai
Total Number of Persons living in the House
Frequency Percent
1 to 5 16 7.77
6 to 10 107 51.94
Above 10 83 40.29
Total 206 100.00
Table A-3: Age-Sex Composition of Sample Population
Age-Groups
Gender Total %Male %Female Total%
Male Female
Up to 4
54 87 141 38.30 61.70 100
5-9 108 77 185 58.38 41.62 100
10-14 127 100 227 55.95 44.05 100
15-19 148 146 294 50.34 49.66 100
20-24 180 126 306 58.82 41.18 100
25-29 147 95 242 60.74 39.26 100
30-34 78 67 145 53.79 46.21 100
35-39 63 49 112 56.25 43.75 100
40-44 46 50 96 47.92 52.08 100
45-49 39 48 87 44.83 55.17 100
50-54 48 39 87 55.17 44.83 100
55-59 32 14 46 69.57 30.43 100
118
60-64 28 12 40 70.00 30.00 100
65-69 12 10 22 54.55 45.45 100
70-74 15 7 22 68.18 31.82 100
75+ 13 3 16 81.25 18.75 100
Total 1138 930 2068 55.03 44.97 100
% 55.03 44.97 100 55.03 44.97 100
Table A-4: Sources of Drinking Water
S. No. Sources of Drinking Water
Frequency (Cumulative)
%
1 Own Well 171 57.38
2 Motor pump 55 18.46
3 Purchase from Water Tanker
18 6.04
4 Municipal water outside compound
19 6.38
5 Other's Well 10 3.36
6 From Relatives Tank
2 0.67
7 Spring/Stream 23 7.72
Total 298 100.0
Table A-5: Satisfaction with Drinking Water
S.No. Sources Satisfied% Dissatisfied% Total%
1 Own Well 18.59 81.41 100
2 Motor Pump 93.94 6.06 100
3 Water Tanker 88.89 11.11 100
4 Municipal Water outside Compound
40.00 60.00 100
5 From Relatives 22.86 77.14 100
6 Springs/Streams 62.50 37.50 100
Table A-6: Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Drinking Water
Reasons Frequency (Cumulative
Responses)
%
insufficient water in well/dried well 137 42.15
Water has to be fetched from a distant sources by females 62 19.08
Water Quality (color/taste) is not good. 42 12.92
Water shortage due to load shedding 19 5.85
Have to ask relatives/other persons to use their source 18 5.54
Have to purchase water from tanker 17 5.23
No water storage tank 11 3.38
Cannot afford to dig well/purchase water from tanker 7 2.15
No affordability for motor pump to get water from well. 5 1.54
Others 7 2.15
Total 325 100.00
119
Table A-7: Is Human Waste Disposed
Response Frequency Percent
Yes 116 56.31
No 90 43.69
Total 206 100.0
Table A-8: Mode of Human Waste Disposal
Mode Responses
Number Percent
Non-flush latrine (Dry system)
68 57.63
Flush latrine 28 23.73
Septic Tank 17 14.41
Others 5 4.24
Total 118 100.0
Table A-9: Satisfaction with Disposal System
Response Frequency Percent
Satisfied 118 57.28
Dissatisfied 85 41.26
Indifferent 3 1.46
Total 206 100.0
Table A-10: Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Waste Disposal
Reasons Frequency %
No latrine/inadequate latrines in home
55 50.93
Lack of water for latrine 31 28.70
No Flush system 17 15.74
Others 5 4.63
Total 108 100.0
A-11: Availability of Drainage System
Response Frequency Percent
Yes 108 52.4
No 97 47.1
Don't know 1 .5
Total 206 100.0
120
Table A-12: Mode of Drainage
Type Frequency Percent
Open unlined drains 100 92.59
Open lined drains 6 5.56
Pipe Sewerage 2 1.85
Total 108 100.0
Table A-13: Satisfaction with Drainage System
Response Frequency Percent
Satisfied 52 48.15
Indifferent 5 4.63
Dissatisfied 51 47.22
Not Applicable 98 -
Total 206 100.00
TableA-14: Reasons for Dissatisfaction:
Response Frequency (Multiple
Responses)
Percent
Cause damage to houses specially during rains
37 54.41
Problematic for pedestrians due to slushy streets
13 19.12
Drains are katcha/open 8 11.76
Can cause contamination 7 10.29
Unlined drains cause damage to roads
3 4.41
Total 68 100.00
Table A-15: SW Collection
Reply Frequency Percent
Yes 86 41.7
No 120 58.3
Total 206 100.0
Table A-16: Housing Types
Type of House Frequency Percent
Isolated/Free Standing
37 18.0
Row House 76 36.9
Semi Detached 38 18.4
House in Family Compound
55 26.7
Total 206 100
121
Table A-17: Number of Habitable Rooms
Number of Rooms Frequency Percent
One 14 6.8
Two 61 29.6
Three 55 26.7
Four 30 14.6
Five & more 46 22.3
Total 206 100
Table A-18: Number of Non-Habitable Rooms
No. of Rooms
Baths Latrines Baths & Latrines Combined
Kitchens
Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %
0 80 38.83 117 56.80 173 83.98 15 7.28
1 74 35.92 85 41.26 27 13.11 190 92.23
2 41 19.90 4 1.94 5 2.43 1 0.49
3 4 1.94 0 - 0 - 0 -
3+ 7 3.40 0 - 1 0.49 0 -
Total 206 100.0 206 100.0 206 100.0 206 100.0
Table A-19: Type of Housing Structure
Type Frequency Percent
Pucca 9 4.4
Semi pucca 54 26.2
Katcha 143 69.4
Total 206 100.0
Table A-20: Period of Construction
Period Frequency %
Last 5 years 16 7.8
6-10 years 14 6.8
11-25 years 47 22.8
26-50 years 55 26.7
>50 years 56 27.2
No Reply 18 8.7
Total 206 100
122
Table A-21: Plot Sizes
Plot Sizes (marlas)
Frequency % Cumulative %
<5 2 1.0 4.5
5-7 7 3.4 13.5
7-10 14 6.8 28.0
10-15 26 12.6 44.5
15-20 32 15.5 63.5
>20 125 60.7 100.0
Total 206 100
Table A-22: Period of Stay in this House
Period (Years)
Frequency % Cumulative %
<5 36 17.48 17.48
5-10 17 8.25 25.73
11-15 16 7.77 33.50
16-25 26 12.62 46.12
>25 111 53.88 100.00
Total 206 100
123
Table A-23: Household-Wise Number of Students Vs Non-School Going Children in Different Categories
Category 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Below Primary
Male 107 47 30 12 7 2 0 0 0 0 0
Female 115 46 31 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
Primary
Male 138 43 15 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Female 171 18 11 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
Middle
Male 140 50 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 194 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
High
Male 179 21 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 203 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
College
Male 165 36 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 202 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
University
Male 195 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 205 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table A-24: Household-wise Literate Vs Illiterate Members (Excluding Students)
Category 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Below Primary
Male 189 12 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 197 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Primary
Male 163 30 8 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 190 9 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Under Matric
Male 152 44 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 196 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Matric
Male 161 36 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 204 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Intermediate
Male 178 27 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Graduates
Male 185 20 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 206
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Post Graduates
Male 179 22 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Female 206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
124
Table A-25: Earning Members Per Household
Earning Members Frequency Percent
0 2 0.97
1-2 168 81.55
3-4 35 16.99
5& above 1 0.49
Total 206 100.00
Table A-26 Household Income through Earning Members
Monthly HH Income No. of HHs
% Cum %
Up to 5,000 15 7.28 7.28
5,001-10,000 29 14.08 21.36
10,001-15,000 33 16.02 37.38
15,001-20,000 37 17.96 55.34
20,001-30,000 36 17.48 72.81
30,001-50,000 32 15.53 88.35
Above 50,000 24 11.65 100.00
Total 206 100.0
Table A-27: Household Income through all Sources46
Monthly Income No. % Cum %
Up to 5,000 15 7.28 7.28
5,000-10,000 24 11.65 18.93
10,001-15,000 31 15.05 33.98
15,001-20,000 38 18.45 52.43
20,001-30,000 42 20.39 72.81
30,001-50,000 30 14.56 87.38
Above 50,000 26 12.62 100.00
Total 206 100.00
Table A-28: Number of HHS Vs Priority Problems
Problems Priority 1
% Priority 2
% Priority 3
% Priority 4
% Priority 5
%
Shortage of Clean Drinking Water
168 81.55 16 8.99 9 6.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
No Solarization of Tube well
2 0.97 15 8.43 7 5.04 3 3.09 0 0.00
Load shedding 2 0.97 13 7.30 18 12.95 17 17.53 3 4.48
Unpaved Streets 6 2.91 23 12.92 21 15.11 20 20.62 3 4.48
No Proper Drainage 1 0.49 1 0.56 7 5.04 7 7.22 13 19.40
No Water Storage for Drinking Water
0 0.00 29 16.29 12 8.63 1 1.03 0 0.00
No latrine/flush Latrine
12 5.83 4 2.25 7 5.04 3 3.09 3 4.48
46Apart from income of earning members, also includes income from agriculture (44 households), property rent (5 households), shop keeping (9 households), transport (8 households), others (6 households).
125
Flooding Issues 2 0.97 23 12.92 12 8.63 13 13.40 16 23.88
No Garbage Disposal System
0.00 0 0.00 2 1.44 1 1.03 3 4.48
No Proper Link Road to Village/Construction of Bridge
6 2.91 37 20.79 17 12.23 5 5.15 8 11.94
No transformer/Over loaded Transformer
0 0.00 7 3.93 4 2.88 3 3.09 2 2.99
No Play Ground/Park 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 2.88 1 1.03 1 1.49
Lack of health facilities
1 0.49 6 3.37 3 2.16 7 7.22 6 8.96
Lack of Educational Facilities
0 0.00 2 1.12 8 5.76 12 12.37 9 13.43
Others 6 2.91 2 1.12 8 5.76 4 4.12 0 0.00
Total 206 100.00 178 100.00 139 100.00 97 100.00 67 100.00
126
Annexure 4: Official Notification for Delimitation of Urban Boundaries, Ghalanai
127
128
Annexure 5: Water Quality Test Results
129
130
131
Annexure 6: Ghalanai Institutional Arrangements
132
6.1 Present Administrative Structure
Present administrative structure is as given in Table below:
Table 28: Present Administrative Structure47
Administration and Judiciary
Political Agent Overall Charge-de-Affairs of the Agency
Additional Political Agent Oversees development activities in the Agency
Assistant Political Agent Admin/ Judicial affairs of their respective
Sub Divisions
Political Tehsildar Admin/ Judicial affairs of their respective Tehsils
Political Naib Tehsildar (PNT) Support Political Tehsildar in routine administrative business
Law and Order
Subedar Major of Levis and Khasadars (Agency level)
In charge of Levies/ Khasadars (Local Police force) on Agency level
Line Officer of Levis and Khasadars (Sub-Division level)
In charge of Levies/ Khasadars (Local Police force) on Sub Divisional level
Subidars/ Naib Subedars of Lavies and KKF
(Khyber Khasadar Force)
Assists Line officers in law and order
implementation
Education
Agency Education Officer, A.E.O Overall In charge of Schools (Primary to Higher Secondary)
Assistant Agency Education Officer (Female) In charge of Girls schools
Assistant Agency Education Officer (Male) In charge of Boys schools in their respective subdivisions
Health
Agency Surgeon Overall In charge of Health Facilities
Medical Superintendent, M.S In charge of Agency Head Quarter (AHQ) Hospital
Support Departments
Executive Engineer, XEN (C&W) Highway
Division
In charge of Civil work (roads)
Executive Engineer, XEN (C&W) Building Division
In charge of Civil work (Buildings)
Sub-Divisional Officer, SDO (TESCO) In charge of Electricity supply
Assistant Divisional Engineer, ADE (PTCL) In charge of Telephone services
Sub Divisional Officer, SDO (Public Health) In charge of water supply/ tube wells
Assistant Director, AD (Forests) In charge of Forests plantation and conservation etc.
Assistant Director, AD (Agriculture) In charge of agriculture affairs
Assistant Director, LGRDD with Assistant In charge of Municipal affairs
47 Source: Consultants Institutional Survey and FATA Secretariat
133
Engineer and Sub Engineer
6.2 Provision, Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructure and Services Various Line Department & Directorates in FATA Secretariat through its field offices and under the supervision of the APA are responsible to provide, operate and maintain essential infrastructure and services in Ghalanai as indicated below;
Table 29: Departments Responsible for Infrastructure & Services
Department Infrastructure/ Services Works and Services (W&S) Department Public Buildings, Roads, Water Supply and
Sanitation
Education Directorate Primary and Secondary Education
Health Directorate Health Services
Local Government and Rural Development
(LG&RDD) Directorate
Rural Development Infrastructure, Parks,
Streets, etc
Directorate of Projects (FATA Secretariat) Foreign Aided Projects, Relevant Services,
Agriculture, Irrigation, etc
6.3 Status of Municipal Committee
There is no formal structure of a Municipal Committee present in Ghalanai. The Draft Local Government Ordinance 201248 contained the following provisions for
establishment of a municipal committee in each agency:
“CHAPTER –II”
LOCAL AREAS AND CONSTITUTION AND COMPOSITION OF LOCAL
COUNCILS
3. Local Areas.-
(1) For the purposes of this Regulation, a Local Area shall be a town.
(2) The Governor may, by notification, extend, curtail or otherwise alter the
limits of a Local Area and declare that an y area shall cease to be a local area.
4. Delimitation of a ward.-
(1)A ward shall be an area comprising one census block, or as may be
prescribed.
(2) The Governor may, for purposes of election, divide a local area into such
number of wards having a definite boundary as he may determine.
5. Constitution of Local Councils.-
(1) The Local Councils to be constituted under this Regulation shall be municipal
committees for each of the notified towns;
48 Draft Local Government Ordinance 2012, FATA
134
(2) As soon as may be, the Local Councils mentioned in sub-article (1) shall be
constituted in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation.
6. Municipal Committee.-
(1) A municipal committee shall, subject to other provisions of this Regulation,
consist of such number of general members equaling the number of wards in the
Municipality.
(2) The general members of the Municipal Committee shall be elected through
direct election based on adult franchise and joint electorate.
(3) The Governor may from time to time determine and notify the number of
additional members representing traders, women or other special groups in
respect of a municipal committee subject to the condition that total number of
such members shall not exceed twenty five percent of the total membership of
the respective council.
(4) The additional members provided for under sub article (3) shall be elected by
the directly elected members of the municipal committee through secret ballot.
7. Chairman and Vice-Chairman.-
For every Local Council there shall be a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman, elected
in prescribed manner, by the respective local council.
CHAPTER -VI
COMPULSORY FUNCTIONS OF MUNICIPAL COMMITTEES
58. The compulsory functions of the municipal committees shall be as
under:
(A) PUBLIC HEALTH
i) Responsibility for sanitation.
(ii) Insanitary buildings and lands.
(iii) Removal, collection and disposal of refuse.
(iv) Latrines and urinals.
(v) Birth and deaths.
(vi) Infectious diseases.
(B) WATER SUPPLY:
(vii) Water Supply.
(C) DRAINAGE:
(viii) Drainage.
(ix) Drainage and sewerage schemes for commercial and industrial area.
(D) ARTICLES OF FOOD AND DRINK:
(x) Private markets.
(xi) Slaughter houses.
(E) ANIMALS AND CATTLE:
(xii) Prohibition on picketing or tethering in streets.
(xiii) Prohibition against keeping and maintaining cattle.
(xiv) Dangerous animals.
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(xv) Disposal carcasses.
(F) PUBLIC SAFETY:
(xvi) Fire Fighting.
(xvii) Dangerous and offensive articles and trades.
(G) MUNICIPAL PLANNING:
(xviii) Master Plan.
(xix) Site Development Schemes.
(xx) Execution of the Site Development Schemes.
(H) BUILDING CONTROL:
(xxi) Erection and re-erection of buildings.
(xxii) Completion of buildings, alteration of buildings, etc.
(xxiii) Regulation of buildings.
(I) STREETS:
(xxiv) Public Streets.
(xxv) Streets.
(xxvi) Street lighting.
(xxvii) Street Watering.
(J) TRAFFIC VEHICLES:
(xxviii) Traffic control.
(xxix) Public vehicles.
(K) ARBORICULTURE:
(xxx) Arboriculture.
(L) SPORTS AND CULTURE
(xxxi) Holding sports events and tournaments
(xxxii) Celebrating national days, and special events
(xxxiii) Arranging literary and culture events
OPTIONAL FUNCTIONS OF MUNICIPAL COMMITTEES
59. The optional functions of municipal committees shall be as under:
(A) PUBLIC HEALTH:
i) Promotion of public health.
ii) Health and maternity centre, etc.
iii) Hospitals and dispensaries.
iv) Medical aid, relief and medical education.
v) Environmental pollution.
(B) DHOBI GHATS, etc.:
vi) Bathing and washing places.
vii) Dhobi ghat.
viii) Public water courses.
(C) ARTICLES OF FOOD AND DRINK:
ix) Bye-laws for articles of food and drink.
x) Regulating quality of milk supply.
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xi) Public Markets.
xii) Animal Husbandry and Animals homes and farms.
xiii) Registration of the sale of cattle.
xiv) Livestock improvement.
xv) Cattle shows, Zoo, etc.
(E) PUBLIC SAFETY:
xvi) Famine.
xvii) Burial and burning places.
(F) TREES, PARKS AND GARDENS:
xviii) Gardens.
xix) Open spaces.
xx) Nuisances pertaining to trees and plantations.
xxi) Tanks and low-lying areas.
(G) EDUCATION:
xxii) As directed or authorized by the Governor.
(H) CULTURE:
xxiii) Culture.
xxiv) Libraries.
xxv) Fairs and shows etc.
(I) SOCIAL WELFARE: xxvi) Social Welfare”
6.4 Future Municipal Services Responsibility
Unfortunately, the LGO 2012 for FATA has not been implemented so far. In lieu, the Government ordered the establishment of “Municipal Committees” throughout FATA issuing a Notification in 2011 with assigning office
responsibilities on all positions to existing political authorities and staff of the Local Government for a functional municipal committee. However, at present, no formal structure or system of a municipal committee has been adopted in
Ghalanai. The functions of a Municipal Committee in respect of municipal planning,
management and service delivery as contained in LGO 2012 and detailed in the above section require the establishment of the Municipal Committee and assigning of appropriate staff ( Municipal Officer, Engineers, Town Planner,
Water supply and sanitation as well as Solid Waste Management systems and resources) as the first step. Future developments and improvement in service delivery within the municipality will only be possible if an integrated, holistic
approach by an entity with ownership is established. Otherwise, investments will have to be made through the existing line department’s portfolio and the
operation/ maintenance responsibilities will suffer since the line departments already have meager amounts for subsequent operation and maintenance of
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facilities. Thus it is essential that the structure for a Municipal Committee is notified and it shall be made functional before the Immediate Action Plan of this
structure plan is implemented. It is believed that the basic Municipal Services like Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, Street Pavements, Parking spaces, Slaughter Houses, Parks, drainage and Solid waste Management will be carried out through
the municipal committee with support as technical assistance and capacity building where needed.
6.5 Structure Plan Implementation Options
The implementation of the structure plan and various projects emerging out of the effort shall ideally be carried out by the municipal committee but since there is no operational MC in Landi Kotal, the various projects will have to be executed,
operated and maintained through other arrangements till a functional MC is able to take over the responsibility. In present scenario, the following options are there;
a) Through existing Line Departments b) Through FUCP-PMU
c) Through FATA Infrastructure and Works Authority (FIWA) a) Through Existing Line Departments
In absence of a municipal committee, the existing line directorates in FATA through its field offices will execute relevant projects and will be responsible to
operate and maintain these facilities until an MC is operational and empowered to take over charge. Various line directorates and departments of FATA Secretariat like Health, Education, Works and Services, Public Health, Irrigation,
Local Government and Rural Development, etc are fully capable and operational through their respective field/ agency offices and are responsible to implement
FATA Annual development Portfolio related to their sectors. The departments follow standard procedures to reflect projects in ADP prepare PC-1s/ PC-11s, present these to FATA Development Working Party (FDWP) for approval, and
receive funding through finance department and tender contracts for execution. The departments supervise either through their staff or through hired consultants. On completion, the projects are operated and maintained by the line
departments. The whole project cycle is supervised/ monitored by the Planning and Development department (P&DD) in FATA Secretariat.
Line Departments Execution Process of Projects:
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b) Through FUCP-PMU
The Project Management Unit (PMU) of FUCP established for Khar, Bajawar agency already has experience of implanting structure plan for Khar and can take
up the implementation of further structure plans in other agencies. This option however requires coordination among the political administration, several line departments including the LG&RDD and the responsibility for smooth
coordination falls on PMU. A relationship / coordination diagram for this arrangement may be as given below:
Project Reflcted in
ADP
Line Department Prepares PC-
1/ PC-11
FDWP Approves
Line Department
Executes
P&DD Minitors
Physical and Financial Progress
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Relationship/ Coordination Diagram
c) Through FIWA
The Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has initiated within FATA Secretariat a FIWA unit responsible to establish an exclusive authority to undertake infrastructure and works throughout FATA. The FIWA unit has completed tremendous
preparatory works including several PC-1s for FATA highways and draft regulations for establishment of a fully autonomous body as the FATA
Infrastructure and Works authority. It is believed that until the time FIWA is established the FIWA unit will execute works independently.
Political Agent/ Additional PA
FUCP-PMU
Planning/ Engineering Consultants
Works Contractors
FATA Secretariat/P&DD
LG&RDD/Line Department
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Annexure 7: List of Participants in Meeting of Ghalanai Residents
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List of Participants
S.NO Name Designation
1. Hazrat Khan Community Elder KuzKadi Aba Khel
2. Zar Muhammad Community Elder Sultan Khel
3. Muhammad Din Community Elder PagolKor
4. Abad Khan Community Elder AnayatKor
5. Zigar Haj Community Elder KoperKally
6. Muhammad Sadeeq Community Elder DaoodKor Aba KhelKuzaKadi
7. Zalkan Community Elder FigalKorKuzaKadi
8. Zeegar Community Elder Kofar
9. Ibaad Community Elder Dagai
10. Irfan Community Elder Pindyali
11. MianMuzakar Shah SDO (C&W)
12. AmeenUlHaq Community Elder AbbaKhel
13. Haji Umar Saeed Community Elder KozaKadi Rami Khel
14. Molana Muhammad Arif Haqani Community Elder
BabiKhelAdeenKhel
15. Arab Khan Community Elder PagolKorGhalany
16. Gul Khan Community Elder PagolKorGhalany
17. FazalMaula Community Elder Kattar
18. Khandan Community Elder Malik WazirKaly
19. BakhtWali Community Elder Kattar
20. Sajid Khan PTI Ghalany
21. Malik Ashghar Khan QomiWatan Party
22. Malik Saleem Ghalany
23. Norullah SDO (PUEB)
24. Farman Tezyali
25. Bashir Nai Bath
26. Shaker Mashriq
27. Liaqat PTV
28. Arshad VOA
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Annexure 8: Suggestions from Wider Stakeholders Consultation
Workshop, August 28, 2015
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1. Generally the Draft Structure Plans for Landi Kotal and Ghalanai were well
received and the participants praised the level of detail and the planning
process adopted by the consultants. Most of questions and remarks
related to clarifications of various aspects of the methodology and
proposed infrastructure facilities. The responses satisfied all queries and
useful/ constructive suggestions of the participants were noted.
2. Most of the suggestions/ recommendations made by the participants have already been included in the report and these were clarified in the
workshop. All participants were given copy of the Draft structure plan where they can find details.
3. The Project Director, FUCP required that a section on revenue stream for the proposed municipality may be included. This has been included
under the institutional arrangements as the revenue part of MC. 4. The Project Director, FUCP also desired that future proposed facilities
should be accommodated in the designated space particularly in the Hamza Baba Mazar area in Landi Kotal. Based on the suggestion, the Consultants have proposed suitable landuses for the site and their area
requirements. Micro detailing of proposed landuses would be accomplished in the subsequent design phase.
5. Both the Member National Assembly, Khyber Agency , Alhaj Shahjee Gul Afridi and Senator from Mohmmand Agency, Mr. Hilal Ur Rehman suggested immediate attention to improving drinking water supply
systems in both the towns with provisions/ studies for ground water recharge, construction of dams and supply of bulk water to the towns.