faulkner - evangelion and jung

7/21/2019 Faulkner - Evangelion and Jung

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/faulkner-evangelion-and-jung 1/15

Note: I wrote this 1yr ago (~Oct 2006). I now disagree with many aspects of this essay. This essay too me

three e!enings to comp"ete.

#!ange"ion and $%ng

Introd%ction

&ideai 'nno director of #!ange"ion tried to portray his inner tho%ghts and fee"ings in the anime. 's he

stated in 1* +1,:

-I tried to inc"%de e!erything of myse"f in Neon enesis #!ange"ion // myse"f a roen man who co%"d do

nothing for fo%r years.

' man who ran away for fo%r years one who was simp"y not dead.

Then one tho%ght:

o% can3t r%n away

came to me and I restarted this prod%ction.

It is a prod%ction where my on"y tho%ght was to %rn my fee"ings into fi"m.

I now my eha!ior was tho%ght"ess tro%"esome and arrogant.

4%t I tried.

I don3t now what the res%"t wi"" e.

That is eca%se within me the story is not yet finished.5

In transferring his inner contents to fi"m in a time of psycho"ogica" distress 'nno has inf%sed the story and

characters with aspects intrinsica""y "ined to the h%man psyche. #!ange"ion is a"so an animation steeped

with symo"s. ai"%re to %nderstand or appreciate the meaning ehind these symo"s necessari"y res%"ts in

a fi7ation on the appearance of the symo"s or misg%ided conc"%sions. The nat%ra" 8%estion is what

framewor one can %se to a""ow the symo"s in #!ange"ion to e %nderstood in re"ation to the h%man

psyche. &ere a $%ngian framewor is %sed to ad%mrate the psycho"ogica" meaning ehind the !ario%s

symo"s. The goa" is then to find o%t what impact this meaning has for o%r indi!id%a" h%man "i!es. or this

is the %"timate aim of $%ng9s psychoana"ysis (whether he achie!ed this aim is another matter) and y %sing

the aim in this essay the practica" messages in #!ange"ion can e re!ea"ed.

4rief O%t"ine of $%ngian ramewor

ar" %sta! $%ng was a pro"ific writer and practitioner of psychoana"ysis and any attempt to do f%"" ;%stice

to his 20 !o"%mes of o""ected <ors (<) and assorted p%"ished "ect%re materia" is doomed to fai"%re.

Th%s it is necessary ;%st to setch what the $%ngian framewor is. It is not the aim here to gi!e a f%""

;%stification of $%ng9s framewor either as that is o%tside the remit of this essay. The reader is ad!ised to



cons%"t the < for e7pansion on the themes in this essay.

$%ng9s writings at first seem intracta"e with their mi7 of psycho"ogy phi"osophy "iterat%re and re"igion.

&owe!er a"" his theories (which as he stresses are ased on e7perience and hence are not mere"y empty

theoretica" constr%cts %t ha!e empirica" import= e.g. +2/6,) re!o"!e aro%nd his conception of the h%man

psyche. or $%ng the psyche (menta" region) is sp"it into two main parts name"y the conscio%s and the

%nconscio%s +>,. These terms sho%"d e fami"iar d%e to modern %sage %t it is important to %nderstand

what $%ng9s conception is. The conscio%s is for $%ng a domain in which e7ist a"" the psychic phenomena

that can e percei!ed y the ego +?,. The ego is the centre of the fie"d of conscio%sness and e7hiits

contin%ity and identity thro%gh time +,. In the domain of conscio%sness we e7perience o%rse"!es as the

s%;ect of a"" other o;ects the -I.5 In contrast the %nconscio%s is that domain where we e7perience

o%rse"!es as the o;ect of some other force +10,. To p%t it somewhat g"i"y we are not in -contro"5 of this

domain and the processes which operate within it are not s%;ect to o%r conscio%s wi""ing. $%ng has a

partic%"ar word to denote the psychic energy which gi!es rise to the processes within the psyche. It is

-"iido5 and sho%"d not e conf%sed with its re%dian namesae. or re%d the "iido has an o!erriding

se7%a" character whereas for $%ng the "iido is %ndifferentiated energy that can gi!e intensity to different

forms of psycho"ogica" processes which may not necessari"y e se7%a" +1112,.

@o far a"" this may seem rather trite %t now $%ng f%rther differentiates the %nconscio%s into the persona"

and the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s. The persona" %nconscio%s is %ni8%e to the partic%"ar indi!id%a" and

contains persona" psychic materia" whereas the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s is common to e!ery sing"e h%man

eing not on"y spatia""y %t tempora""y thro%gh a"" time +1A1B,. or the contents of the co""ecti!e

%nconscio%s $%ng "ies to gi!e the ana"ogy of -inherited factors5 ain to genes +1*,.

It might e o;ected that the gam%t of menta" processes ha!e a materia"istic corre"ate in the rain. This

red%ctionist <e"tanscha%%ng was addressed y $%ng who pointed o%t that in many of his cases the ca%se

of the menta" dist%rance did not correspond to a precise part of the rain th%s s%pporting the hypothesis

that s%ch menta" phenomena are in fact emergent and cannot e acco%nted for f%""y y physio"ogica"

processes in the rain +16,. In a wider sense this iss%e of -emergence5 has een recognised recent"y in

science with its importance in h%man thining acnow"edged +1>,.

The co""ecti!e %nconscio%s contains %ni!ersa" forms which arise e!erywhere in time and space +1?,. These

are ca""ed archetypes and to gi!e another io"ogica" ana"ogy $%ng mentions that of instincts +1,. Once

"iido enters these forms the archetypes are acti!ated and can e7ert their inf"%ence on the conscio%s

domain. or $%ng the psyche is dynamic and psychic contents can mo!e etween the two domains +20,. It

is important to note howe!er that $%ng taes the %nconscio%s to predate the conscio%s +21,. That this is not

;%st a whim is ;%stified y the fo""owing reasoning: the e!o"%tion of h%mans has shown an increasing

conscio%sness thro%gh rationa" thining and manip%"ation of astract concepts. This has een shown amp"y

y anthropo"ogy from prehistoric times when peop"e sti"" re"ied hea!i"y on instinct to the modern man who

re"ies on rationa" thining for s%r!i!a". This has para""e"s with re%d9s i!i"isation and Its Ciscontents +22,.

In addition as a chi"d is orn it grad%a""y de!e"ops a state of conscio%sness from a state of tota"

%nconscio%s. ontents in the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s are th%s accorded the tit"es -primordia"5 and -archaic5

+1A,. If an archetype has gained eno%gh "iido its contents wi"" try and press itse"f into conscio%sness. The

reason why this is so can e fo%nd from $%ng9s -"aw of conser!ation of "iido5 which ana"ogo%s to the

famo%s physics "aw states that a change in "iido in the conscio%s is a"anced y a corresponding change in



the %nconscio%s +2A,. If there is too m%ch "iido (energy) in one domain then some stri!es to rea o!er to

the other domain since "iido mo!es a"ong a gradient +2A,. Th%s a s%rp"%s of "iido in the %nconscio%s can

acti!ate an archetype and when its contents are pressed into conscio%sness some "iido ret%rns to the

conscio%sness restoring some of the a"ance D that is pro!ided they are recogniEed conscio%s"y. This may

a"" seem "ie sophistry %t this is a framewor which $%ng has fo%nd to accord with his e7perience with

patients D if there is too m%ch "iido dammed %p in the %nconscio%s or to p%t it in its simp"est terms if one

s%ppresses too many aspects of "ife and shirs away y not thining ao%t them then this can ca%se a

psychicFmenta" dist%rance +20,.

This framewor is e7traordinari"y %nc"%ttered yet one can e"aorate it in many directions with a seeming"y

ine7ha%sti"e s%pp"y of termino"ogy. The core meaning is the same %t s%ch e"aoration can gi!e perhaps

a greater meaning for o%r h%man minds to grasp. This is in fact what $%ng tries to do. or e7amp"e $%ng

has constr%ed the %nconscio%s as a somewhat dar and mysterio%s region typica""y pertaining to re!e"ation

and primiti!e ideas e.g. +2B2*,. It is not s%rprising then that he can r%n the ga%nt"et of re"igions and

phi"osophies and find para""e"s to the archetypes. or e7amp"e the conscio%sness with its penchant for

c"ear rationa" thining is associated with the rationa" and idea"istic phi"osophica" trends (e.g. ree

thiners s%ch as G"ato and modern science). Th%s one of $%ng9s appe""ations for it is the -inte""ect5 +26,.

Now a"" this may e !ery interesting %t what is its therape%tic !a"%eH <e ha!e said this is not ;%st ossified

dogma %t has e7istentia" import D so what is this importH $%ng dea"t primari"y with schiEophrenics (o"d

name: dementia praeco7) that is those peop"e with a sp"it etween their conscio%sness and %nconscio%s

+2>,. &ere a sp"it means that there is a s%rp"%s of "iido in one domain most %s%a""y the %nconscio%s +2?,.

Thro%gh his word/association tests the ear"y $%ng noticed how reaction times to certain stim%"%s words

were "onger as it to%ched %pon a sensiti!e %nconscio%s iss%e or -comp"e7.5 The process of menta"

association etween the stim%"%s and the comp"e7 is !ery diffic%"t to decipher and dro!e $%ng to %se the

patients9 dreams daydreams !isions and fantasies. The int%ition ehind this is simp"e: a"" these

phenomena are %nconscio%s prod%cts and y e7amining them one may y hoo or y croo re!ea"

important (former"y) %nconscio%s "ins which can he"p %s to disco!er the root of the comp"e7 e.g. +2,

ring this to the "e!e" of conscio%sness (-integrate5 the contents to conscio%sness) +A0, and he"p restore the

"iido a"ance. One may state ha%ghti"y that the schiEophrenic has then een restored to sanity e!en if we

o%rse"!es tend to e so ignorant of o%r %nconscio%s contents. Th%s $%ng9s theories may ha!e originated in

his e7perience with schiEophrenics %t it e7tends to the -norma"5 person as we"" +2?,.

$%ng does not see e!ents as depicted in dreams and associated %nconscio%s prod%cts as a facade ehind

which the tr%e meaning "ies e.g. +A1, %t taes the e!ents themse"!es as important symo"s which state in

the est possi"e way that is permissi"e for a prod%ct made a!ai"a"e for the conscio%sness the interna"

worings of the %nconscio%s. &ere -symo"s5 m%st not e mis%nderstood. It is not ;%st a sign which

e7presses a content that is f%""y nown to the prying conscio%s mind %t it tries to e7press what cannot e

f%""y nown as the symo" tries to e7press an %nconscio%s prod%ct in conscio%s form +A2,. @ymo"s th%s

ha!e an irrationa" e"ement as we"" as a rationa" part. To appreciate why symo"s mean so m%ch to $%ng we

on"y need to tae a few more steps. It is seen that symo"s are a ridge etween the conscio%s and

%nconscio%s domains. Th%s they ha!e an integra" ro"e to p"ay in restoring the "iido a"ance y channe""ing

energy from one domain to the other thro%gh the rea"iEation of the %nconscio%s contents y conscio%sness

!ia the symo" +AA,. This is no simp"e rationa"iEation process. 4%t how do we get at the meaning ehind the



symo"H 4y definition there is no way of grasping it f%""y y reason a"one so one m%st "oo at its meaning

thro%gh history how it has een manifested in times past e.g. +AB,. This is !a"id within the framewor as it

has a"ready een post%"ated that the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s is the s%m store of the %ni!ersa" psychic

contents of a"" h%mans that ha!e e!er e7isted.

$%ng e7tends this theory y showing how %ni!ersa" %nconscio%s contents are manifested in !ario%s o%tward

forms thro%gh pro;ection of the contents (%nconscio%s"y) onto e7terna" o;ects +A*,. Th%s for e7amp"e

re"igion is an o;ect with s%ch %ni!ersa""y pro;ected contents e.g. +A6, D which is why there are so m%ch

symo"s in re"igion. This is a"so why $%ng spent so m%ch time "ooing into the meaning ehind re"igio%s

symo"s and symo"s in other fie"ds s%ch as a"chemy e.g. +A>,. '"" to f%rther %nderstanding of that -ridge5

etween conscio%sness and the %nconscio%s to %nderstand %s as we are today and th%s to %i"d for a

etter f%t%re (menta""y which can p%"" o!er to the physica" fie"d). This process is prospecti!e +A?,. The

specific process of s%ccessf%""y acnow"edging and integrating the meaning ehind (former"y) %nconscio%s

contents to the conscio%sness is ca""ed -indi!id%ation5 and res%"ts in the indi!id%a" achie!ing the rea"iEation

of the -se"f5 +A, The re"ation etween this concept of -se"f5 and the se"f in Indian re"igio%s teaching (ca""ed

-atman5 or -4rahman5) is readi"y seen: indi!id%ation achie!es harmony ("iido a"ance) etween the two

opposites conscio%s and %nconscio%s +B0, whereas in Indian teaching the se"f is reached when we ha!e rid

o%rse"!es of opposites and instead repose in the %nchanging (e.g. ha!e re;ected happiness and sad eca%se

they ring a ne!er/ending cyc"e of %nrest thro%gh changing fee"ings and desires) +B1,. It can readi"y e

pointed o%t that this "in maye ten%o%s %t it m%st not e forgotten that for $%ng 4%ddhism itse"f was

origina""y a res%"t of pro;ected %nconscio%s contents and the road para""e"s are there. $%ng has no 8%a"ms

ao%t red%cing re"igion to a psycho"ogica" process. &owe!er that is not to say it is then worth"ess in the

practica" fie"d eca%se $%ng is dedicated to showing precise"y how "arge a factor the psychic rea"m is in

ordering o%r "i!es.

<e ha!e gone a "itt"e way in f"eshing o%t the are ones of $%ng9s theoretica" framewor (not forgetting it is

intrinsica""y "ined to its practica" efficacy and empirica" e7p"anatory power) and are now in a position to

%se this framewor to "oo at #!ange"ion. In partic%"ar how can we %se the framewor to decipher the

meaning ehind #!ange"ion thro%gh its symo"sH C%e to space "imitations on"y the main (more o!io%s)

symo"s wi"" e "ooed at. Nonethe"ess as wi"" e shown se!era" insights can e gained. The !a"%e of $%ng9s

wor in deciphering aspects of #!ange"ion which do not in!o"!e symo"s wi"" e e7amined rief"y as we"".

-ea"ity5 and #!ange"ion

@ho%"d one tae the characters and e!ents in the anime as they are or as symo"sH Gerhaps not s%rprising"y

the answer is that we sho%"d %se e"ements of oth approaches. &enceforth -rea"ity5 wi"" e %sed to refer to

what pertains in the conscio%s part of the wor"d a person (e.g. yo% or I) inhaits and -symo"s5 wi"" e %sed

in the $%ngian sense of representing something which is not f%""y nown to conscio%sness. The "in etween

#!ange"ion the anime and rea"ity comes in two parts:

(i) haracters and e!ents are portrayed in a way that is detached from rea"ity. or e7amp"e when a"" h%man



"ife starts to disintegrate into J..J. at the onset of Third Impact one str%gg"es to comprehend this %sing a

direct ana"og%e in rea"ity. Instead one has to rea"ise the symo"ic meaning ehind this partic%"ar e!ent and

this meaning can then e re"ated to rea"ity.

(ii) haracters and e!ents are portrayed which ha!e a direct ana"ogy with rea"ity th%s rendering any

symo"ic ana"ysis red%ndant. or e7amp"e when @hin;i disp"ays his o%tward shy demeano%r in en8%iring

ao%t his father9s %rnt hands (episode *) it is %nnecessary to render a symo"ic meaning. Ocham9s raEor

and indeed common sense wo%"d re8%ire this scene to e interpreted as it is. This is eca%se the sit%ation

and e!ent portrayed is readi"y p"ayed o%t in rea"ity.

's with any type of media with symo"s taing the symo"s "itera""y "ea!es one at a "oss as to what that that

media te""s %s ao%t o%r e7istence th%s se!ering a "arge part of the intrinsic meaning. This essay dea"s

main"y with (i) a"tho%gh (ii) is "ooed at rief"y at the end.

ei and Kawor% as the Keys to Indi!id%ation

<hen there is a psychic dist%rance res%"ting in a "ac of conscio%s adaptation this is indicati!e of "iido

dammed %p in the %nconscio%s and %na"e to f"ow to the conscio%s. This "iido then regresses ac to the

primordia" region of the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s +20,. 'mong the many archetypes it can acti!ate one of the

most prominent is the -di!ine ma"e/fema"e pair.5 These do not re"ate ;%st to the io"ogica" parents %t can

correspond to a pair of ma"e/fema"e deities with incomprehensi"e (-di!ine5) 8%a"ities. The di!ine fig%res

form what $%ng ca""s the -syEygy5 +B2,. One of the symo"s designated for the rea"iEation of the se"f is a

cosmic marriage or %nion of this contrase7%a" pair a mysteri%m coni%nctionis to symo"iEe the %nion of

the two main psychic domains +BA,. This is eca%se $%ng fo%nd that women tend to e more irrationa" and

men more rationa" +BB, s%ch that their symo"ic %nion achie!es a harmoniEation of opposites and wo%"d

therefore symo"iEe an emergent se"f. onnected to this is the idea of a hermaphrodite as a symo" of the

se"f +B*,.

i!en this rief o%t"ine of the syEygy motif the meaning of ei and Kawor% ecomes c"ear. ei has a ody

which is c"oned from @hin;i9s mother %i. &owe!er ei is not ;%st his io"ogica" mother in another form

for she has the so%" of Ji"ith within her. Ji"ith as can e reca""ed from Lisato9s "ine in the #nd of #!ange"ion

(hereafter #o#) is a so%rce of "ife (%sing the 4ochanM4ird script which corrects the error in the Langa

#ntertainment trans"ation +B6,). Th%s ei has an %ndo%ted"y god/"ie or di!ine nat%re. -od5 m%st not e

interpreted in the hristian sense as a s%preme eing ao!e man who is p%re "o!e the s%mm%m on%m.

@ince we are adopting a $%ngian framewor the god image m%st e interpreted according to $%ng that is

as an incomprehensi"e power which go!erns itse"f and symo"iEes the inner recesses of the co""ecti!e

%nconscio%s +B>,. $%ng has ne!er ad!ocated the tr%th of any partic%"ar doctrine 8%ite the opposite as he is

a fer!ent opponent of t%rgid dogma +B>B?,. Kawor% has a masc%"ine h%man fig%re and has the so%" of

'dam (episode 2B director9s c%t) which is the second "ife so%rce in the anime (#o#). &is re"ation to endo

is apparent from the oser!ation that endo has the materia" 'dam f%sed into his ody. Kawor% has the

metaphysica" 'dam (its so%") f%sed into his e7istence. Th%s Kawor% is none other than the spirit%a" form of



endo raised to a di!ine "e!e". 'nother arg%ment co%"d e that since Kawor% physica""y "oos "ie @hin;i

(episode 2B) and has 'dam for a so%" then Kawor% is a spirit%a" father image for @hin;i. Therefore ei and

Kawor% form a di!ine motherFfather pair the di!ine syEygy and f%rthermore this syEygy pertains to @hin;i.

sing a $%ngian interpretation if these two %nite then it wo%"d symo"iEe the c%"mination of the

indi!id%ation process. Indeed this is what is shown in the #o# mo!ie when @hin;i at the end is shown to

disco!er a greater meaning to his indi!id%a" e7istence in the conte7t of others aro%nd him D he has

achie!ed indi!id%ation. ei and Kawor% appear as a f%sed hermaphrodite and this is an %nmistaa"e

symo" of the se"f. That this scene depicts the eginning of the rea"iEation of the se"f is in accord with what

happens at the end of oth the series and the mo!ie when @hin;i is seen to %ndergo a spirit%a" reirth (this

is considered in greater detai" e"ow).

Taen from another perspecti!e ei is from N# (erman: ner!e) and Kawor% from @##J# (erman:

so%"). Ner!es are tangi"e in o%r odies and other "ife forms (none more so than the giant s8%id) whereas

the so%" is intangi"e. Th%s ner!e and so%" can represent the $%ngian conception of conscio%s and the

%nconscio%s. <hen ei and Kawor% are %nited ner!e and so%" are %nited that is the conscio%s and the

%nconscio%s.

It is a"so mentioned in #o# that ei and Kawor% represent -hope5. If ei and Kawor% each symo"iEe ha"f of

the syEygy and therefore a means of se"f/act%a"iEation then in a sense they do represent -hope.5 On a side

note ei ha!ing aspects of the di!ine is e!ident from episode 1 where she appears instantaneo%s"y in

@hin;i9s !iewpoint "ie a Ce%s ascondit%s in a re!e"ation (on"y @hin;i did not recogniEe this as s%ch). sing

a symo"ic framewor it is not necessary to e7p"ain this away as some sort of menta" s%terf%ge for @hin;i

eca%se s%ch symo"ic eha!io%r is a""owed in the #!ange"ion %ni!erse. In addition ei9s affi"iation with

water the most common symo" of the %nconscio%s +B, is indicati!e of her %nconscio%s nat%re. or

Kawor% an a""%sion to his %nconscio%s nat%re is gi!en y his name -Kawor% Nagisa5 D -Kawor% of the

@eashore.5 's mentioned the sea (water) can represent the %nconscio%s from which we can infer that

Kawor% stradd"es the area etween the %nconscio%s and the conscio%s (i.e. the seashore). This is in accord

with Kawor% when together with ei eing a symo" for the %nity of the conscio%s and the %nconscio%s.

@ymo"ic Leaning of Impacts Instr%menta"ity '.T. ie"d J..J. and eirth

$%ng descries the process of menta" disintegration as "ie a catastrophic e!ent. This disintegration consists

of the -wa""s5 that di!ide the conscio%s and the %nconscio%s eing roen down s%ch that the ai"ity to

adapt to e7terna" rea"ity is se!ere"y impaired. It is a dangero%s process eca%se the %nconscio%s contents

may e so powerf%" as to swamp conscio%sness res%"ting in what $%ng ca""s a psychosis +*0,. &owe!er

reca""ing that $%ng ad!ocates p"%nging o%r conscio%s mind into the %nconscio%s and integrating its

contents (finding the s%nen treas%re) +*1, this process is a"so a wonderf%" opport%nity to reso"!e the

menta" str%gg"e. Kee" JorenE draws attention to this possii"ity when he a""%des to the possii"ity of the ;oy

of reirth after destr%ction (the catastrophic Third Impact= #o#). The concept of ;oy here is not mere

materia"istic f"eeting ;oy %t a more serio%s and "ong/term ;oy which para""e"s the conceptions of $oy y

romm and Kieregaard +*2*A,. To reach a higher pea one m%st tra!erse the !a""ey etween the peas

(cf. NietEsche9s Parath%stra +*B,). Indeed @hin;i9s descent to the eoront as ear"y as episode 1 co%"d e a



symo"ic pre"%de to what he wi"" %ndergo.

Grimiti!es ha!e concei!ed this catastrophic enco%nter with the %nconscio%s as the -peri"s of the so%"5 and

ha!e constr%cted m%"tifario%s re"igio%s proced%res to protect against this s%ch as rites and dogmas +**,. In

"ight of this since the Impacts in #!ange"ion can e constr%ed as catastrophic they can symo"iEe a

significant menta" de!e"opment ("ie a menta" disintegration). The irst Impact occ%rred Bn yrs ago when

an asteroid hit the earth +*6,. In rea"ity the earth formed some B.*n yrs ago +*>,. Th%s irst Impact co%"d

symo"iEe the creation of an %nthining entity that is the irth of the %nconscio%s. The @econd Impact

occ%rred when 'dam was red%ced to a fossi" and was pressed into the ser!ice of h%manity in the shape of

eing a "%eprint for the #!ange"ion Gro;ect. ' metaphysica" concept has een con!erted to a tangi"e

o;ect and pressed into the ser!ice of the h%man inte""ect. This catastrophic e!ent can th%s symo"iEe an

ad!anced state of conscio%sness which has s%ppressed the power of the %nconscio%s (it is shown e"ow that

ange"s and th%s 'dam symo"iEe the %nconscio%s). 4etween irst and @econd Impact "ies the period where

there is a rise and de!e"opment of rationa" thining and astract tho%ght. This "ea!es the Third Impact.

@##J# p%shes for this to happen th%s initiating what is ca""ed Instr%menta"ity. N# tried in !ain to

pre!ent this %t it too s%cc%med to Instr%menta"ity. Once again the s%t"e p"ay of words is noted D the

conscio%s ody (N#) can no "onger deny the importance of the %nconscio%s worings of the so%"

(@##J#). The menta" str%gg"e comes to a head and this is symo"iEed y the initiation of Third Impact.

<hose menta" str%gg"eH '"tho%gh the series ending shows 's%a Lisato ei and @hin;i desperate"y

confronting their inner demons the foc%s is on @hin;i who is seen to emerge from Instr%menta"ity with a

new wor"d/!iew. In #o# the foc%s on @hin;i is sharpened as we e7p"icit"y see the interna" worings of his

inner conf"ict and how it is p"ayed o%t (e.g. the syEygy motif pertaining to @hin;i e7p"ained ear"ier). Or

since @hin;i is &ideai 'nno9s a!atar +1, on one "e!e" this is an e7treme"y persona" acco%nt of an e8%a""y

de!astating e7perience for the director.

The portraya" of the initiation of Third Impact in #o# is interesting in that it shows #'/01 s%spended on a

cross/shaped fig%re with a ind of stigmata or di!ine symo" on @hin;i9s hands. $%ng ana"ysed the cross

motif in depth in his @ymo"s of Transformation +*?,. The ross has een %sed as a metonymy for $es%s

and is th%s %sed in a sacrifice motif. This sacrifice in!o"!es the ringing down of the domain which has

ecome too prominent or o!er/adapted s%ch that the neg"ected domain can e ro%ght to ear on it +*,.

In the case of the menta" dist%rance the %nconscio%s is neg"ected and this necessitates the sacrifice of the

conscio%s here represented y @hin;i9s sacrifice. The para""e" to $es%s is strengthened when the Jance of

Jongin%s is %sed to de"i!er the co%pe de grace to #'/01 with @hin;i inside Jongin%s eing the so"dier who

pierced $es%s9 side with a spear in a "egend. This para""e" is no coincidence and ref"ects the sacrifice motif.

Once the sacrifice is comp"ete the prominent conscio%s f%nction is ro%ght down nearer the "e!e" of the

%nconscio%s. Th%s the sacrifice forces a confrontation etween the pressing %nconscio%s contents and the

conscio%s ingdom. This precipitates the catastrophic menta" e!ent wherey the arrier etween the two

domains disintegrates and which is symo"iEed y Third Impact.

'nother symo" is the reaing down of the '.T. ie"d aro%nd o%r hearts. Thining irrationa""y with more

passion than rationa" thining is ca""ed -thining with the heart5. %rthermore %nconscio%s tho%ghts ha!e

een associated with the heart since 4i"ica" times e.g. +60,. Th%s the '.T. ie"d aro%nd the heart can e a

symo" for the arrier which separates the %nconscio%s with conscio%sness. This reas down d%ring Third

Impact. Once this happens the %nconscio%s contents f"ow forth threatening a de"%ge and th%s psychosis.



This is symo"iEed y e!erything ret%rning to J..J. which hitherto has not een considered in this essay.

J..J. is depicted as an %ndifferentiated s%stance which is dynamic and water/"ie. i!en the preceding

disc%ssions it is ;%stified to tae J..J. as symo"iEing %ndifferentiated "iido residing in the co""ecti!e

%nconscio%s D that is this J..J. is not associated with a specific conscio%s or %nconscio%s content. Th%s

when h%mans t%rn into J..J d%ring Instr%menta"ity they regress to their co""ecti!e %nconscio%s. irst they

m%st past thro%gh their persona" %nconscio%s which haro%rs persona" desires. Th%s we see the desires of

Laoto and Laya manifested in front of them efore they ecome J..J. '"so there is a remara"e

simi"arity etween the wor"d of J..J. as descried y ei in #o# and a description y $%ng of the co""ecti!e

%nconscio%s in his The 'rchetypes and the o""ecti!e nconscio%s +61,. irst here is the passage from #o#

(my ita"ics o"d and n%mering) +B6,:

-@hin;i:

'yanami where are weH

ei:

This is the sea of JJ. (1) The primordia" so%p of "ife. (2)

' wor"d witho%t 'T ie"ds witho%t yo%r own shape.

'n amig%o%s wor"d where it is impossi"e to te"" where yo% end and other peop"e start.

' fragi"e wor"d where yo% e7ist e!erywhere and th%s e7ist nowhere. (A)

@hin;i:

&a!e I diedH

ei:

No e!erything has ;%st een ;oined into one. (B)

This is the wor"d yo% ha!e een hoping for yo%r wor"d. (*)5

Now the passage y $%ng:

-a o%nd"ess e7panse f%"" of %nprecedented %ncertainty with apparent"y no inside and no o%tside no ao!e

and no e"ow no here and no there no mine and no thine no good and no ad. It is the wor"d of water (1)

where a"" "ife f"oats in s%spension= where .... the so%" of e!erything "i!ing egins (2)= where I am indi!isi"y

this and that= where I e7perience the other in myse"f and the other/than/myse"f e7periences me (A) ....

There I am %tter"y one with the wor"d (B) so m%ch a part of it that I forget a"" too easi"y who I rea""y am.

Jost in onese"f is a good way of descriing this state. 4%t this se"f is the wor"d if on"y a conscio%sness

co%"d see it. (*)5

@ections are paired from oth passages %sing n%mers (1)/(*). There are striing simi"arities for each pair of

sections. This pro!ides s%pport that Third Impact symo"iEes the readown of conscio%sness which is

then f"ooded y the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s as symo"iEed y the process of Instr%menta"ity= J..J.



symo"iEes %ndifferentiated "iido in the %nconscio%s. '"so d%ring Instr%menta"ity the characters are

forced to face contents they ha!e een hiding in their %nconscio%s s%ch as Lisato facing %p to her

re"ationship with her dad in the series ending. This again s%pports Instr%menta"ity as a process wherey

conscio%sness is f"ooded y the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s.

The rich symo"ism in #!ange"ion is shown with respect to J..J.: when pi"ots enter the cocpit they

ecome s%merged in J..J. and this represents an enco%nter with the %nconscio%s= when they ref%se to

pi"ot they are r%nning away from their %nconscio%s and forfeit the chance of se"f/rea"iEation. Th%s the

#!ange"ions represent the %nconscio%s of each pi"ot %nder a $%ngian framewor. That the so%"s of the

#!ange"ions are the pi"ot9s respecti!e mothers is "ie"y to e of no coincidence since the mother is often

taen to symo"iEe contents of the %nconscio%s (the -Lother5 archetype +62,). @hin;i is seen to rise o%t of

the J..J. at the end of the mo!ie as a symo" that he is now emerging from the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s ac

into conscio%sness with a renewed %nderstanding thro%gh integration of %nconscio%s contents. Note that

Instr%menta"ity has sti"" taen p"ace and it is not a 8%estion of whether one -escapes5 it or not. This is

eca%se Instr%menta"ity is a process which has to e e7perienced whether the o%tcome is se"f/rea"iEation or

psychosis. The disso"%tion of the mind is necessary for oth and th%s it maes "itt"e sense to ta" ao%t

-re;ecting5 or -accepting5 Instr%menta"ity D it is a condition for a"" o%tcomes.

In oth the series and #o# @hin;i is seen to achie!e se"f/rea"iEation y accepting his %nconscio%s -r%nning

away5 from his tr%e nat%re and gaining the strength to accept his indi!id%a"ity in the conte7t of others

aro%nd him. The en"ightened wor"d/!iew that is the rea"iEation of the se"f is symo"iEed y the creation of a

new earth (-shin seii5). In the series the other characters congrat%"ate him on this feat. In the #o# the

reirth process "eading to the creation of the new earth is shown in more detai". In addition to the

eiFKawor% coni%ntionis mentioned ear"ier there is a"so the hieros gamosFincest motif. ' naed ei is

depicted sitting on top of a naed @hin;i in a se7%a" position. There are two facets to this symo"ic act oth

of which shows that the act symo"iEes part of the indi!id%ation process. That this is a symo"ic act rather

than a simp"y se7%a" one is shown y the way that @hin;i did not show any sort of se7%a" en;oyment at a""

and there was no rhythmic mo!ement of either ody. irst ei is a di!ine eing and th%s the act is

reminiscent of a hiero gamos which is an ancient rit%a" symo"iEing the %nion of a god and man y a se7%a"

act e.g. +6A,. This is a %nion of opposites and co%"d symo"iEe rea"iEation of the se"f. '"ternati!e"y part of

ei9s character is %i s%ch that the act a"so means a symo"ic incest e!ent which symo"iEes that @hin;i wi""

enter his mother9s wom (%nconscio%s) again and e reorn anew +6B, D a reirth thro%gh the %nconscio%s

to achie!e an en"ightened wor"d/!iew. This is not an ad hoc e7p"anation %t is detai"ed in $%ng9s @ymo"s of

Transformation +*?, (to which the reader is referred) with appea" to its many manifestations in hero death/

reirth myths thro%gh anti8%ity. romm a"so interpreted incest and reirth in a simi"ar symo"ic way

wherey man ceases to re"y who""y on -nat%re5 (para""e"s to $%ng9s %nconscio%s) and "earns to e more

independent +6*,.

The fina" ma;or symo" in the #o# occ%rs d%ring the commencement of Instr%menta"ity with the

appearance of the Tree of Jife. In the $%ngian framewor there is no need to go into the Kaa"istic

technica"ities of the @ephiroth and Ocham9s raEor s%pports this omission. or in $%ngian ana"ysis the

Tree of Jife can symo"iEe the %nconscio%s +66,. @een from this ang"e @##J# wanted to restore the Tree of

Jife (from which it can e inferred that it is in a non/optima" state i.e. neg"ected) which is in tota"

agreement with their aim of trying to gain prominence for the %nconscio%s f%nction. The r%it of <isdom



(which 'dam ate and fore!ermore was endowed with h%man insight not to mention created a demarcation

etween man and od who were in an origina" %nion) symo"iEes the h%man inte""ect and once #'/01

ac8%ires oth aspects or rather is forced to confront oth it has the power either to achie!e se"f/rea"iEation

(-the 'r which sa!es manind5 D y creating a new wor"d) or psychosis (-destroy manind5 D y not

creating a new wor"d). 'n -'r5 (Noah9s 'r) is a partic%"ar"y apt symo" for withstanding the tida" f"ow of

%nconscio%s contents (water) th%s a!oiding eing s%merged y them.

In addition to the ao!e the pi"ots are orn soon after @econd Impact which means that they can symo"iEe

the irth of h%mans who enco%nter the effects of the catastrophic sp"it etween conscio%s and %nconscio%s.

's%a and @hin;i oth do not ha!e mothers th%s symo"iEing that they ha!e neg"ected their %nconscio%s

and they s"ow"y come to terms with it y pi"oting their #'s. The series and #o# endings are f%ndamenta""y

the same in that @hin;i achie!es his new wor"d/!iew. ' significant difference (and perhaps the on"y one) is

that in #o# 's%a is shown to acti!e"y share the new wor"d as opposed to p"aying a passi!e ro"e y

congrat%"ating @hin;i (series ending). Th%s in #o# it is a""%ded to that 's%a too went thro%gh a simi"ar

process to @hin;i and achie!ed se"f/rea"iEation a"tho%gh this was not shown. Gerhaps this was done s%ch

that there is an 'dam/#!e (enesis) reference which symo"iEes a tota""y new eginning.

@ymo"ic Leaning of the 'nge"s

In episode A its%o re!ea"s that the 'nge"s ha!e .Q simi"arity with h%mans. &owe!er their form is

entire"y different. In the #o# theatrica" program the ed ross 4oo +*6, h%mans are said to e the 1?th

'nge" and Lisato said the same thing in #o#. In fact the simi"ar essence of 'nge"s and h%mans is a""%ded

to in the theme song which states that the yo%ng oy (@hin;i) m%st ecome a "egend (achie!e se"f/

rea"iEation) "ie an ange". Th%s the same critica" s%stance is constit%ti!e of h%mans and 'nge"s a"tho%gh

they ha!e opposite forms. 'nge"s are portrayed as mysterio%s and incomprehensi"e (for e7amp"e @hin;i

8%estions the nat%re of the 'nge"s in episode 11) and therefore ha!e an affinity with the %nconscio%s.

%rther e!idence that the 'nge"s are affi"iated with the %nconscio%s is the Ard 'nge" coming from the water

(a symo" of the %nconscio%s as mentioned ao!e) the 6th 'nge" eing water/orne the ?th 'nge" eing in

the depths of a !o"cano and the 10th 'nge" eing in the dar %nnown of space. The 16th 'nge" sometimes

has the shape of a do%"e he"i7 which can e interpreted as a s%t"e symo" for a content from the co""ecti!e

%nconscio%s that is something which is inherited in the psyche "ie the CN' which maes %p genes. @o

from a $%ngian perspecti!e it is seen that the 'nge"s symo"iEe the %nconscio%s and h%mans symo"iEe an

entity that is m%ch more conscio%s. The critica" s%stance constit%ti!e of oth 'nge"s and h%mans is "iido

which can gi!e rise to %nconscio%s or conscio%s forms.

's mentioned ear"ier the '.T. ie"d symo"iEes the separation etween the conscio%s and %nconscio%s

domains and this is consistent with the fact that oth h%mans and 'nge"s e7press an '.T. ie"d. The 'nge"

e7erts an o%tward '.T. ie"d since the '.T. ie"d separates the %nnown %nconscio%s ('nge") and nown

conscio%sness (the e7terna" en!ironment). On the other hand the '.T. ie"d for h%mans is e7pressed

inward"y as a arrier to their innermost %nconscio%s forces (symo"iEed y the heart see ao!e).



Other @ymo"s

Other symo"s in #!ange"ion rendered meaningf%" %sing a $%ngian framewor are now o%t"ined with a

!iew towards possi"e e"aoration.

@ynchronicity is a we""/nown $%ngian concept and it is the phenomena wherey two e!ents occ%r at the

same time and ha!e meaning d%e to their sim%"taneo%s occ%rrence e!en tho%gh the two e!ents are not

ca%sa""y "ined +6>,. In #!ange"ion pi"ots ha!e to synchroniEe with their #'s in order to operate them.

Th%s a possi"e interpretation is that the #'s9 mo!ement and the pi"ots9 tho%ghts m%st e in synchrony.

The Ard 'nge" in episodes */6 has the same shape as one of $%ng9s geometric constr%ctions the -8%aternio5

+6?,. Light the 'nge" e re"ated to the meaning of the 8%aternioH %rthermore there is a"so the symo" of

the crowd D which is a common symo" of psychic dist%rance +6,. 4oth 's%a (episode 2A) and @hin;i

(#o#) had images of crowds when their inner menta" processes are portrayed.

In $%ng9s schema for achie!ing se"f/rea"iEation efore reaching the co""ecti!e %nconscio%s one m%st first

o!ercome the persona" %nconscio%s which is often ca""ed the -@hadow5 +>0,. @hin;i is seen to grapp"e with

his shadow side in episode 16 when he is s%s%med y an 'nge" and s%se8%ent"y ecomes immersed in a

shadow. 's%a is a"so shown to confront her shadow in episode 2A where she has an image of @hin;i hiding

%nder Ka;i. In effect her persona" %nconscio%s hides a wish to get to now @hin;i etter e!en tho%gh her

wish is pro;ected onto Ka;i. @hin;i too has a concea"ed wish to get to now 's%a etter. That this is not a

mere se7%a" wish is shown in #o# where despite 's%a9s pro!ocati!e"y se7%a" ad!ances @hin;i ends with

-e nice to me5. &owe!er to get to the stage where he can get c"oser to her he m%st o!ercome his shadow

side which contains the neg"ected pent/%p aggression he fee"s towards 's%a d%e to her constant e"itt"ing

of and pet%"ance towards him. This is symo"iEed y the strang"ing motif which is e7pressed in oth the

#o# and in episode 1? where #'/01 (@hin;i9s %nconscio%s) strang"es #'/0A D here the strang"ing

emotion is not directed at the correct o;ect which means that @hin;i has yet to rea"iEe the tr%e meaning

ehind this motif.

Jast"y here is a con;ect%re on the possi"e symo"ic significance in the #o# theatrica" program mentioned

ao!e ca""ed the -ed ross 4oo.5 $%ng in his mid/"ife menta" crisis p%t his innermost menta" processes

into word and pictoria" form in a oo ca""ed the -ed 4oo5 +>1,. o%"d the name of the #o# program e

re"ated to $%ng9s ooH That is co%"d the -ed ross 4oo5 e re"ated to the innermost menta" processes of

&ideai 'nno in that it tries to descrie symo"s he had e7periencedH

The o"e of Gro;ection and Gsycho"ogica" Types

This section "oos at (ii) rief"y.

The ro"e of pro;ection is integra" in $%ngian psycho"ogy and in!o"!es an %nconscio%s transference of

psychic prod%cts onto an e7terna" o;ect (inanimate or animate). In order to rea free of the pro;ection

one m%st recogniEe the pro;ected contents and th%s integrate them into conscio%sness +>2,. Lisato had a



menta" dist%rance concerning the acceptance of her father9s neg"ect of her mother in "ight of the ra!ery

he has shown in resc%ing her from @econd Impact (episode 12). This inai"ity to accept her father9s dar

aspects means that Lisato acts in a ree""io%s way against her father9s idea"s and e7pectations of her

(episode 26 the case of Lisato Kats%ragi). This father/offspring conf"ict was pro;ected onto @hin;i9s

sit%ation with endo s%ch that she saw herse"f o;ectified in @hin;i. 4y he"ping @hin;i in his tas of pi"oting

#' she is a"so trying to he"p @hin;i achie!e a etter father/offspring re"ationship something which Lisato

desired %t which she percei!ed as not achie!ing. 'nother aspect of this ree""ion is that Lisato haro%rs

the resentment of her father9s percei!ed ro%gh treatment of her mother and therefore desires that the

re!erse was tr%e. Th%s she %nwitting"y ass%mes the ro"e of her mother and enters a re"ationship with

someone she identifies with her father !iE. yo;i Ka;i in order to try and p"ay o%t this desire. This

pro;ection shows that Lisato had an inai"ity to integrate past e7perience into her conscio%sness (accept

the past as a heart/fe"t persona" tr%th which gi!es one the power and confidence to %i"d for the f%t%re or

to -create a new earth5) which is why these e7periences s%n into the %nconscio%s re/s%rfacing again as

%nrecogniEed pro;ections.

$%ng has a"so e"aorated the theory of psycho"ogica" types. On"y the two road di!isions wi"" e considered

here: the intro!erted type draws e7terna" o;ects into onese"f and the e7tra!erted type tends to adapt

who""y to e7terna" o;ects witho%t d%e consideration for introspection (and are th%s at home with socia"

e!ents and sit%ations) +>A,. In #!ange"ion @hin;i is %ndo%ted"y an intro!ert whereas 's%a and Lisato

are e7tra!erts. Th%s their paths towards se"f/rea"iEation are different in this respect (a"tho%gh

f%ndamenta""y the same).

onc"%sion

This essay has de"ineated some of the main ways in which $%ng can he"p %s to %nderstand the rea" meaning

ehind #!ange"ion. It is not comprehensi!e and e7ha%sti!e and does not set o%t to e so there is scope for

f%rther (conscio%s) e"aoration. Iss%es s%ch as the symo"ic significance of endo9s desire to achie!e

eterna" %nion with his wife ha!e een g"ossed o!er. oncepts s%ch as the -@hadow5 ha!e on"y een o%t"ined

ro%gh"y. &owe!er this essay has set o%t the core meaning of oth the #!ange"ion series and #o# thro%gh a

$%ngian framewor. #!ange"ion partic%"ar"y thro%gh @hin;i 's%a and Lisato shows how we as h%mans

ha!e a tendency to neg"ect o%r %nconscio%s side and the pressing need to recogniEe and integrate its

contents (achie!e indi!id%ation as @hin;i is shown to do). No amo%nt of theory a"one wo%"d res%"t in

s%ccessf%" se"f/rea"iEation so the theory m%st e s%pp"emented y e7perience as $%ng has stressed +B,.

One m%st not get ca%ght in ;%st "ooing at the "itera" detai"s pedantica""y whether this e re"igion or

#!ange"ion %t m%st rea"iEe the %nder"ying meaning in o%r rea"ities. The message is that we sho%"d "oo at

o%rse"!es deep"y to re!ea" what we hide in o%r %nconscio%s eyond the many "ayers of persona to achie!e

greater insight into who we tr%"y are: as not ;%st the s%m of o%r conscio%s and %nconscio%s processes %t as

an entity which is different from ;%st the s%m d%e to the synergy etween them. This wi"" then perhaps he"p

to attain a tr%er re"ation to the wor"d and o%r "i!es and that of others. ai"%re to do so is shown y @hin;i

r%nning away from pi"oting the #!ange"ion (recogniEing his %nconscio%s). One is -sti"" a chi"d5 (episode 1)

%na"e to adapt f%""y to rea"ity. This theme of r%nning away and remaining a -chi"d5 is not on"y a persona"



str%gg"e for 'nno %t a"so a theme for $%ng.

Th%s @hin;i is not mere"y ao%t one who shows a "ac of mett"e in the face of physica" and menta" hardship

ro%ght ao%t y a neg"ected chi"dhood and se7%a" fr%stration and rising his "ife to fight %nnown

monsters in a giant root. This is a s%rface and "itera" interpretation. The symo"ic meaning shows that

@hin;i represents one who is afraid of his %nconscio%s which is shown in the anime to haro%r more than

;%st secret se7%a" wishes. This is a sit%ation peop"e can e in no matter whether they are physica""y strong

or are a"e to adapt wonderf%""y to socia" sit%ations. In p"ain #ng"ish #!ange"ion %rges %s to get off o%r

pro!eria" acsides after watching it 8%estion o%r innermost e"iefs and tho%ghts and e7perience the

o%tside wor"d witho%t the aid of a persona. <e sho%"d stop r%nning away. On"y then (mirai"e dict%R) can

we fina""y escape from the consens%s genti%m and disco!er how o%r indi!id%a" e7istences can e ;%stified.

This is the sa"%tary and prospecti!e character of #!ange"ion.

CI@J'IL# (200>): I CON9T T&INK L& O #IT&# #'N#JION O $N NO<. I 'J@O

T&INK #'N#JION9@ -L#@@'#5 'N 4# GT CO<N IN GJ'IN #NJI@&.

eferences

<A S $%ng .. The o""ected <ors of .. $%ng o".A The Gsychogenesis of Lenta" Cisease 1st ed.

Jondon: o%t"edge and Kegan Ga%" 160.

<B S $%ng .. The o""ected <ors of .. $%ng o".B re%d and Gsychoana"ysis 1st ed. Jondon:

o%t"edge and Kegan Ga%" 161.

<* S $%ng .. The o""ected <ors of .. $%ng o".* @ymo"s of Transformation 1st ed. Jondon:

o%t"edge and Kegan Ga%" 1*6.

<6 S $%ng .. The o""ected <ors of .. $%ng o".6 Gsycho"ogica" Types 1st ed. Jondon: o%t"edge

and Kegan Ga%" 1>1.

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Kegan Ga%" 1*.

TG$ S $acoi $. The Gsycho"ogy of .. $%ng. New &a!en and Jondon: a"e ni!ersity Gress 1>A.

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+1?, <(i) GB2.

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+21, <(i) G2?1.

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+*2, romm #. To &a!e or to 4eH Jondon: 'ac%s 2002.

+*A, rims"ey . @Uren Kieregaard: a iographica" introd%ction. Jondon: @t%dio ista 1>A.

+*B, NietEsche (trans. &o""ingda"e .$.) Th%s @poe Parath%stra. Jondon: Geng%in 4oos Jtd. 200A.

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+*6, The #nd of #!ange"ion: ed ross 4oo http:FFwww.e!aota%.comFhtm"Fprogramoos.htm"

+*>, a!en G.&. $ohnson .4. Josos $.4. @inger @.. 4io"ogy: @e!enth #dition. New or: Lcraw/

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+6*, romm #. The @ane @ociety. Jondon: o%t"edge Kegan Ga%" 1*6.

+66, TG$ GB.

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+>2, <(i) G60.

+>A, <6.

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