fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FAULT CROSSING DESIGN OF 66‐INCH PIPELINE SAN FRANCISCO HETCH‐HETCHY WATER SYSTEMArne Nervik, P.E. (California)Black & Veatch Corporation
![Page 2: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AGENDA• SFPUC Water System• Seismic Hazards• Pipeline Response to Faulting• Analysis Methodology• Design• Long Term Monitoring
![Page 3: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ABOUT SFPUC
• Department of the City and County of San Francisco
• Water
• Retail water services to San Francisco
•Wholesale water to four Bay Area counties
• Serving 2.6 million customers
• Wastewater services to San Francisco
• Hydroelectric and solar power to San Francisco's municipal departments
![Page 4: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SFPUC WATER SYSTEM
![Page 5: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SEISMIC HAZARD
• High probability of a major earthquake in the San Francisco Bay Area
![Page 6: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SEISMIC HAZARD
Alameda Siphon No. 4Alameda Siphon No. 4
![Page 7: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (WSIP)
• Program Overview• $4.6 billion infrastructure improvement program• Started 2005 Forecast Complete 2016
• LOS AS4 Goals•Minimum 120 mgd required within 24 hours of a major earthquake
•Minimum 160 mgd required within 30 days of a major earthquake
• AS4 Project Goals• Reliable water transmission across Sunol Valley
![Page 8: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CALAVERAS FAULT CROSSINGCalaveras Fault Zone
Siphon 466-inch, WSP X50
Overflow Pipe 66-inch, WSPN
X14
Siphon 169-inch RCCP (1933)
Siphon 396-inch PCCP (1966)
X20 X30
Alameda East Portal
X10
Siphon 290-inch WSP (1952)
Chemical Injection
Alameda West Portal
X35
X25
X15
Mixing Chamber
X15/X55
X25/X35
Flow Meters #2 & #4
Flow Meters #1 & #3
![Page 9: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PROJECT DETAILS
• Project Components• AS4 pipeline
• AEP connection/upgrade
• Other
• Constraints• Connection to 1930s Infrastructure
• Proximity of Calaveras Road
• Uncertainty in fault location
• Project Cost• Approved Total Budget $65m
• Status• Const. completion: Mar, 2013
• Pipeline Monitoring Survey
![Page 10: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
![Page 11: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PIPELINE DAMAGE IN PAST EARTHQUAKES
Rupture in 120-inch Soledad Siphon (1994 Northridge Earthquake)
![Page 12: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FAULT RUPTURE
![Page 13: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PIPELINE RESPONSE TO FAULTING
Segmented PipelineRef: O’Rourke and Liu
![Page 14: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PIPELINE RESPONSE TO FAULTING
A
B
C
A B
C
Fault Crossing Angle
Initial Configuration
Displaced Configuration
Caving Active WedgeCentral Wedge
Heaving Passive Wedge
Logarithmic Spiral Failure Surface
Continuous Pipeline
![Page 15: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PIPELINE RESPONSE TO FAULTING
Pipeline
Strike-Slip Fault
Pipeline in tensionand bending
Angle of Crossing < 90 Degrees
Pipeline
Strike-Slip Fault
Pipeline in compressionand bending
Angle of Crossing > 90 Degrees
Pipeline
Strike-Slip Fault
Pipeline in bending
90 Degree Angle of Crossing
![Page 16: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SPECIAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
• Acceptance Criteria
• Average Tensile Strain Limit = 4%
• Compressive Strain Limit = 3.7% (D/t ratio)
• Material Properties
• Yield Strength
• Yield to Ultimate Strength Ratio
Controlled Plasticity
![Page 17: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PIPE OVALIZATION STUDY
¾ inch pipe thickness (Grade 36 steel) 1 inch pipe thickness (Grade 36 steel)Max Displacement = 5 ft Max Displacement = 6 ft
![Page 19: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Overflow pipe AS4
COR
2
1
18”
68”
48” to 60”
26’-8”
15’
8.7’ to 9.2’17’ to 19’
71’-4” to 75’-4”
Final Design
![Page 20: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
RELATIVE SLIP AT SOIL/PIPE INTERFACE
![Page 21: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• AWWA silent regarding fault crossings and strain based design
• AWWA C200 is the readily available pipe
• Bulk of project will be standard water pipe
• Owner is a water utility and familiar with AWWA
• Contractor will have water pipeline experience
CONSIDERATIONS
6 June 2011
21
PowerPoint Sample
![Page 22: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Maximum yield strength (42 ksi) for pipe in certain areas.
• Butt Welds• Shop welding as much as possible• Material traceability• Limited heats in certain areas• Limitations on pass holes and nozzles in certain areas.
• Limitations on where closure pieces can be used.• 100% NDE in certain areas
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
![Page 23: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PIPE SCHEDULE
6 June 2011PowerPoint Sample
23
![Page 24: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL PLATE
6 June 2011PowerPoint Sample
24
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Stress (P
SI/100
)
Percentage of Samples
Yield Tensile
![Page 25: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ASTM A 36 STRESS/STRAIN
6 June 2011PowerPoint Sample
25
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00%
![Page 26: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Fault displacement design requires strain based design, AWWA M11 is not sufficient.
• ALA and PRCI provide guidelines for strain based design of pipelines.
• AWWA C200 pipe can work for these applications.
• Need to control parameters• Material properties• Coating• Trench• Other
• More rigorous quality control (ASME BPV)
• Address variability and specify limits. (minimum and maximum rather than just minimum)
CONCLUSIONS
26 December 2012
26
PowerPoint Sample
![Page 27: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
LONG‐TERM MONITORING
![Page 28: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
FAULT MONITORING – PIPE POSITION
![Page 31: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FAULT MONITORING‐ PIPE STRAIN
Fiber OpticStrain Gauge
MonitoringRiser
![Page 32: fault crossing design of 66-inch pipeline san francisco hetch-hetchy](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042619/58a2e5821a28ab02228b8a52/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
www.bv.com