fc.141 the aftermath of stalin’s death (1953-56) peace talks in korea resume two wks later...
TRANSCRIPT
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
US-Soviet relations deteriorate in late 1950s (FC.143)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALINFC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Reaction
of Soviet people?
Reaction of Soviet people?
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now?
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Govt
that took over?
Govt that took over?
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953
Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953
Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953
Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953
Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953
Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953
Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953
Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)Stalin’s death in March, 1953
Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin (FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Korea?
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.139)
(L-R Nikolai Bulganin,Georgi Malenkov, Maxim Z Saburov and Premier of Russia Nikita S. Khrushchev during a garden party at the Indian Embassy
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
How did Comm. Leaders in E. Europe feel about Stalin’s death?
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.139)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.139)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Ulbricht’s policy?
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.139)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Reaction by E.
Germans?
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.139)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16)
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.139)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Who acted & how?
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Who acted & how?
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners Some crushed Who will save Russia now? Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of Collect. Gov. Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU Styled himself a technocrat Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s Not tough enough to stay on top- Amnesty for all arrested last 5 yrs.
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Whom did Moscow blame?
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
What shocked Polish leaders?
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes Fiercer power struggle
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes Fiercer power struggle Beria saw opport. to take over
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
What happened?
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes Fiercer power struggle Beria saw opport. to take over Denounced as W agent Convicted & shot, the only Sov. leader to die like that
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’sBeria,
Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes Fiercer power struggle Beria saw opport. to take over Denounced as W agent Convicted & shot, the only Sov. leader to die like that "Times had Changed"
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’sBeria,
Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes Fiercer power struggle Beria saw opport. to take over Denounced as W agent Convicted & shot, the only Sov. leader to die like that "Times had Changed"
INITIAL US REACTION
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’sBeria,
Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes Fiercer power struggle Beria saw opport. to take over Denounced as W agent Convicted & shot, the only Sov. leader to die like that "Times had Changed"
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’sBeria,
Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes Fiercer power struggle Beria saw opport. to take over Denounced as W agent Convicted & shot, the only Sov. leader to die like that "Times had Changed"
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach;
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’sBeria,
Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases Huge demo (6/16) Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's Demos spread- Gov. near collapse Beria brought in tanks Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's Strikes collapsed Ulbricht eventually eased up Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia Kremlin saw US behind this Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes Fiercer power struggle Beria saw opport. to take over Denounced as W agent Convicted & shot, the only Sov. leader to die like that "Times had Changed"
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’sBeria,
Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later NATO admits W. Germany
(1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
What did West do to ease strain on manpower?
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later NATO admits W. Germany
(1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Soviet reaction?
US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later NATO admits W. Germany
(1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
New leader to emerge?
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971)
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Khruschev’s personality?
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
1956
1958
Khruschev exhibited a much more personable style of leadership than Stalin ever had.
But he could also be very confrontational as seen in his “Kitchen Debate” with Nixon in 1959 when they argued over who had better color TV’s and his shoe pounding incident at the UN in 1960.
1961
When Eisenhower showed up for the 1956 Geneva Conference in a plane twice the size of Khrushchev was irate and ordered a giant plane of his own. The result was the TU114 seen here at a Paris air show. Despite microscopic cracks in the engine, Khrushchev insisted on flying it the the U.S. for his visit there in 1959. It was so big that there weren’t any stairways at Andrews Air Force Base that could reach the main door.
1962
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Austria?
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Occupied Austria (1945-55)
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Yugoslavia?
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Changing of the US-Soviet guard in Vienna
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Marshall Tito
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions,
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Shocking speech?
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
INITIAL US REACTION-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice Talks of "rolling back" Comm. Mixed signals to Moscow
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties "Socialism w/a human face” More popular
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro Joined Politburo (1938) Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII Saw more dest. than most Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties "Socialism w/a human face” More popular-Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, Enthus. welcome in India (‘55) Had to be rescued from crowd Also visited Burma & Indonesia
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties "Socialism w/a human face” More popular-Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, Enthus. welcome in India (‘55) Had to be rescued from crowd Also visited Burma & Indonesia
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties "Socialism w/a human face” More popular-Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, Enthus. welcome in India (‘55) Had to be rescued from crowd Also visited Burma & Indonesia
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies”
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties "Socialism w/a human face” More popular-Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, Enthus. welcome in India (‘55) Had to be rescued from crowd Also visited Burma & Indonesia
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties "Socialism w/a human face” More popular-Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, Enthus. welcome in India (‘55) Had to be rescued from crowd Also visited Burma & Indonesia
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Shocking speech?
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Khrushchev banging his shoe in protest at
the UN
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties "Socialism w/a human face” More popular-Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, Enthus. welcome in India (‘55) Had to be rescued from crowd Also visited Burma & Indonesia
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971-Instinctive & spontaneous Unpredict. Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China Better Sino-Sov. rel's1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties "Socialism w/a human face” More popular-Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, Enthus. welcome in India (‘55) Had to be rescued from crowd Also visited Burma & Indonesia
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Next country that tries to win more indep?
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” Called a "Bold espionage plot"Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party Deleg's from all over world Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority power by vote Last day closed session 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud Sensation
1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56)
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s Eisenhower
admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Did this intimidate Gomulka?
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances Gomulka threatened to resist
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw/
Khrushchev’s reaction?
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances Gomulka threatened to resist Khr. stopped troops Let Gomulka rule if Poland stayed in Warsaw Pact
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances Gomulka threatened to resist Khr. stopped troops Let Gomulka rule if Poland stayed in Warsaw Pact Gomulka faithful ally 14 yrs, promoting ec. reforms
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Next country?
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances Gomulka threatened to resist Khr. stopped troops Let Gomulka rule if Poland stayed in Warsaw Pact Gomulka faithful ally 14 yrs, promoting ec. reforms
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances Gomulka threatened to resist Khr. stopped troops Let Gomulka rule if Poland stayed in Warsaw Pact Gomulka faithful ally 14 yrs, promoting ec. reforms
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles Secret police shot sev.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances Gomulka threatened to resist Khr. stopped troops Let Gomulka rule if Poland stayed in Warsaw Pact Gomulka faithful ally 14 yrs, promoting ec. reforms
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles Secret police shot sev. Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
“Uncle Joe” has a bad day in Budapest
A colonel of the “state defense authority” who was hung upside down & beaten to death by an angry mob.
Two members of Hungary’s Soviet-controlled secret police instinctively shield themselves from a firing squad of Hungarian patriots. Somehow, both of them survived.
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances Gomulka threatened to resist Khr. stopped troops Let Gomulka rule if Poland stayed in Warsaw Pact Gomulka faithful ally 14 yrs, promoting ec. reforms
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles Secret police shot sev. Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue Sov. troops seal off Budapest
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's Protest vs. gov Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners Rising hopes for reform Discontent spread Leaders refuse to go to SU Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) Pol. fighters bounce his plane Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances Gomulka threatened to resist Khr. stopped troops Let Gomulka rule if Poland stayed in Warsaw Pact Gomulka faithful ally 14 yrs, promoting ec. reforms
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles Secret police shot sev. Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue Sov. troops seal off Budapest Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest More radical anti-Soviet govt.
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles Secret police shot sev. Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue Sov. troops seal off Budapest Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest More radical anti-Soviet govt.
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles Secret police shot sev. Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue Sov. troops seal off Budapest Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest More radical anti-Soviet govt.
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles -> Secret police shot sev. -> Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue -> Sov. troops seal off Budapest -> fierce fighting -> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters -> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. -> Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty -> Khr withdrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest More radical anti-Soviet govt.
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles -> Secret police shot sev. -> Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue -> Sov. troops seal off Budapest -> fierce fighting -> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters -> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. -> Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty -> Khr withdrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border -> Hung's mad-> seize bldg's, & hold elections in some villages - 1000's of Hung. troops defect to rev's w/weapons
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest More radical anti-Soviet govt.
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
Who encouraged them?
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles -> Secret police shot sev. -> Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue -> Sov. troops seal off Budapest -> fierce fighting -> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters -> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. -> Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty -> Khr withdrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border -> Hung's mad-> seize bldg's, & hold elections in some villages - 1000's of Hung. troops defect to rev's w/weapons -> Radio Free Eur. announced support for fighters in 3 wks
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles -> Secret police shot sev. -> Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue -> Sov. troops seal off Budapest -> fierce fighting -> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters -> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. -> Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty -> Khr withdrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border -> Hung's mad-> seize bldg's, & hold elections in some villages - 1000's of Hung. troops defect to rev's w/weapons -> Radio Free Eur. announced support for fighters in 3 wks -> Nagy announced end of 1 party system & intention to form coalition of other groups, incl. Rev councils -> Even army est. rev. councils
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demos for Poles -> Secret police shot sev. -> Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue -> Sov. troops seal off Budapest -> fierce fighting -> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters -> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. -> Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty -> Khr withdrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border -> Hung's mad-> seize bldg's, & hold elections in some villages - 1000's of Hung. troops defect to rev's w/weapons -> Radio Free Eur. announced support for fighters in 3 wks -> Nagy announced end of 1 party system & intention to form coalition of other groups, incl. Rev councils -> Even army est. rev. councils -> SU recog. justice of workers' demands & agrees to pull troops from Hung.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
-> Sov. troops seal off Budapest -> fierce fighting -> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters -> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. -> Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty -> Khr withdrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border -> Hung's mad-> seize bldg's, & hold elections in some villages - 1000's of Hung. troops defect to rev's w/weapons -> Radio Free Eur. announced support for fighters in 3 wks -> Nagy announced end of 1 party system & intention to form coalition of other groups, incl. Rev councils -> Even army est. rev. councils -> SU recog. justice of workers' demands & agrees to pull troops from Hung.
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Diversion?Diversion?
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
-> Sov. troops seal off Budapest -> fierce fighting -> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters -> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. -> Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty -> Khr withdrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border -> Hung's mad-> seize bldg's, & hold elections in some villages - 1000's of Hung. troops defect to rev's w/weapons -> Radio Free Eur. announced support for fighters in 3 wks -> Nagy announced end of 1 party system & intention to form coalition of other groups, incl. Rev councils -> Even army est. rev. councils -> SU recog. justice of workers' demands & agrees to pull troops from Hung.
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis -> Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis ->Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr - Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis ->Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr - Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises
US Reaction?
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis ->Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr - Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis ->Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr - Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis ->Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr - Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails -> Kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500; 3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis ->Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr - Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails -> Kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500; 3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria -> Sov's replace Nagy w/Kadar who welcomed Sov's vs. counter-rev's & promised reforms & new agreements w/other E Bloc nations
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis ->Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr - Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails -> Kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500; 3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria -> Sov's replace Nagy w/Kadar who welcomed Sov's vs. counter-rev's & promised reforms & new agreements w/other E Bloc nations - Arrest 35k & exec. 300 ,incl Nagy, lured from hiding
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
- Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails -> Kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500; 3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria -> Sov's replace Nagy w/Kadar who welcomed Sov's vs. counter-rev's & promised reforms & new agreements w/other E Bloc nations - Arrest 35k & exec. 300,incl Nagy, lured from hiding
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
US/Soviet relations?
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
- Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails -> Kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500; 3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria -> Sov's replace Nagy w/Kadar who welcomed Sov's vs. counter-rev's & promised reforms & new agreements w/other E Bloc nations - Arrest 35k & exec. 300,incl Nagy, lured from hiding
AFTERMATH- Events of 1956 showed how far SU would go w/Destalinization
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
US-Soviet relations deteriorate in late 1950s (FC.143)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
- Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails -> Kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500; 3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria -> Sov's replace Nagy w/Kadar who welcomed Sov's vs. counter-rev's & promised reforms & new agreements w/other E Bloc nations - Arrest 35k & exec. 300,incl Nagy, lured from hiding
AFTERMATH- Events of 1956 showed how far SU would go w/Destalinization1957- While gone in Finland, unsucc. coup to remove Khr. -> Leaders exiled to outlying prov's & made heads of Elec. & concrete Fact's
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
US-Soviet relations deteriorate in late 1950s (FC.143)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
- Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails -> Kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500; 3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria -> Sov's replace Nagy w/Kadar who welcomed Sov's vs. counter-rev's & promised reforms & new agreements w/other E Bloc nations - Arrest 35k & exec. 300,incl Nagy, lured from hiding
AFTERMATH- Events of 1956 showed how far SU would go w/Destalinization1957- While gone in Finland, unsucc. coup to remove Khr. -> Leaders exiled to outlying prov's & made heads of Elec. & concrete Fact's1961- Khr removed Stalin’s body from next to Lenin to less prestig. spot by Kremlin
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
US-Soviet relations deteriorate in late 1950s (FC.143)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN-Huge crowds of mourners -> Some crushed -> Who will save Russia now? -> Progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader of collect. Gov. -> Rule that no one man should hold all top offices-Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges -> Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU -> Styled himself a technocrat -> Despite backgrd, West saw him as best hope for better rel’s ->Not tough enough to stay on top-Gen’l amnesty for all arrested in last 5 yrs.-Ike had just taken over-> no contingency plan for Stalin's death -> Hinted peaceful approach; -Sec of St. Dulles & NSC less nice -> Talks of "rolling back" Comm. -> Mixed signals to Moscow
E. GERMANY-Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous - Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger. -> Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more lib approach -> Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases -> Huge demo (6/16) -> Labor protest became polit. vs state owned fact's -> Demos spread- -> Gov. near collapse -> Beria brought in tanks -> Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's ->Strikes collapsed -> Ulbricht eventually eased up -> Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia -> Kremlin saw US behind this -> Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes ->Fiercer power struggle -> Beria saw opport. to take over -> Denounced as W agent -> Convicted & shot, the only Sov. leader to die like that -> "Times had Changed"
NIKITA KHRUSCHEV (1884-1971)-Poor illit. parents-> Crude side that often masked his cunning -> Often not taken seriously-Joined Rev (1917)-> Commissar -> Studied @ Stalin Ind. Acad. -> Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw bldg Moscow Metro -> Joined Politburo (1938) -> Involved in purges & exterm. of Ukrainian intellectuals.- Political Commissar in WWII -> Saw more dest. than most ->Deeply affected by it-Instinctive & spontaneous -> Unpredict.->Dangerous in crisis- As brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,-Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled-Outmaneuv. Malenkov for power 1954- Negot. Trade Tr. w/China -> Better Sino-Sov. rel's 1955- Restored rel's w/Yugosl. -Promoted more consumer ind's, artistic freedom, better pensions, -Freed 1000's of polit prisoners-Even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties -> "Socialism w/a human face” -> More popular-Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, ->Enthus. welcome in India (‘55) ->Had to be rescued from crowd ->Also visited Burma & Indonesia
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945 -> Nothing really accompl., but seemed to signal better rel’s - Ike proposed "Open skies” -> Rejected as "Bold espionage plot."Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party -> Deleg's from all over world -> Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since Comm’s superiority-> power by vote -> Last day closed session -> 6 hr. speech denounced Stalin as patholog. criminal & exposed purges as fraud -> Sensation-> 1) US convinced true changes were taking place 2) China offended, basing its repression & personality cult on Stalin-> more ind. from SU 3) E. Eur. leaders fear pop. unrest, esp. after exile of hardliner Molotov to Mongolia
POLAND -Strike vs work cond's -> Protest vs. gov -> Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300 -> Bulganin & Zhukov arrive & claim "imper’s" stirred strikes -> Polish reformers want to restore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito & more indep. Nat'l versions of Com. -> Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners -> Rising hopes for reform -> Discontent spread -> Leaders refuse to go to SU -> Khr. went to Warsaw Unannounced (10/19/56) -> Pol. fighters bounce his plane -> Khr. furiously denounces this while Red Army advances -> Gomulka threatened to resist -> Khr. stopped troops -> Let Gomulka rule if Poland stayed in Warsaw Pact -> Gomulka faithful ally 14 yrs, promoting ec. reforms->
HUNGARY10/24/56- Student demosfor Poles -> Secret police shot sev. -> Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue -> Sov. troops seal off Budapest -> fierce fighting -> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters -> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. -> Call for amnesty for demos & econ. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty -> Khr withdrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border -> Hung's mad-> seize bldg's, & hold elections in some villages - 1000's of Hung. troops defect to rev's w/weapons -> Radio Free Eur. announced support for fighters in 3 wks -> Nagy announced end of 1 party system & intention to form coalition of other groups, incl. Rev councils -> Even army est. rev. councils -> SU recog. justice of workers' demands & agrees to pull troops from Hung.
SUEZ CRISIS-Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez ->2nd crisis just before election ->Ike distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis ->Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr - Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality ->15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3) - Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises ->US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's ->Fight 3 wks w/Molot. cocktails -> Kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500; 3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria -> Sov's replace Nagy w/Kadar who welcomed Sov's vs. counter-rev's & promised reforms & new agreements w/other E Bloc nations - Arrest 35k & exec. 300,incl Nagy, lured from hiding
- Events of 1956 showed how far SU would go w/Destalinization1957- While gone in Finland, unsucc. coup to remove Khr. -> Leaders exiled to outlying prov's & made heads of Elec. & concrete Fact's1961- Khr removed Stalin’s body from next to Lenin to less prestig. spot by Kremlin
FC.141 THE AFTERMATH OF STALIN’S DEATH (1953-56)
Peace talks in Korea
resume two wks later
Uncertainty about direction of US-Sov. relations
Polish workers feel encouraged to agitate for liberal reforms (1956)
Khruschev, now in charge, wants more moderate rule
Withdraws troops fr. Austria (1955) to promote better relations w/US
NATO admits W. Germany (1954) & lets it rearm (1955)
Denounces Stalin’s harsh rule (1956) to signal more relaxed rule
Sov. army crushes uprising
Worker riots in E. Ger.
nearly over-throw Com’s
Khruschev moves forces toward Warsaw, but then grants Poland more freedom as long as it stays loyal to Warsaw Pact
Encourages anti-Commun. reform movement in Hungary
Soviet tanks & troops driven from Budapest-> More radical anti-Soviet govt. encouraged by US propaganda
Sov. forces crush Hung. rev. w/o US intervention (10/1956)
Eisenhower admin. split on how to treat new Sov. govt.
Beria, Stalin’s old right hand
man, is executed
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Suez Crisis diverts US attention from
Hungary (FC.146A)
Stalin’s death in March, 1953 Moderate coalition takes over in Kremlin
(FC.140)
Restores normal relations w/Yugoslavia
Korean War (1950-3) Strain on US milit. resources
(FC.140)
US-Soviet relations deteriorate in late 1950s (FC.143)
USSR forms Warsaw Pact as a counter-measure (FC 140)
Sign truce in July,
1953
AFTERMATH OF STALIN'S DEATH- Huge crowds of mourners-> some crushed
-> Who will save Russia now?-> Collective Govt. w/progressive Georgi Malenkov apparent leader-> Rule that no one man should hold all top offices
- Malenkov (b.1902) a top official for Stalin, leading purges-> Put in charge w/Beria to rebld post war SU-> Styled himself a technocrat-> Despite this backgrd, W saw him as best hope for better relations
-> Not tough enough to keep his position- Stalin's death-> resume peace talks at Pyongyang in 2 wks
- Gen'l amnesty for all arrested in last 5 yrs.- Ike had just taken over & had no contingency plans for Stalin's death
-> Hinted more peaceful approach; Sec of State Dulles & NSC less nice-> Talks of "rolling back" Comm.-> Mixed signals to Moscow
E. GERMANY- Stalin's death-> Mini-Stalins, like Ulbricht in E. Ger. nervous
- Leaders in SU toyed w/idea of reunified but neutral Ger.-> Summon Ulbricht to Moscow to encourage more liberal approach-> Instead he imposed new work quotas w/o pay increases-> Huge demo (6/16) to ease quotas-> Labor protest became polit. protest since state owned fact's-> Demos spread-> Gov. near collapse-> Beria brought in tanks-> Killed 40, wounded 400, arrested 1000's-> strikes collapsed-> But Ulbricht eventually did ease up
-> Riot & strikes in Czech, Hung, Romania, & even Siberia-> Kremlin saw US behind this
-> Polish leaders shocked that workers were behind strikes-> fiercer power struggle in Kremlin
-> Beria saw opport. to seize power-> Denounce as W agent by opponents-> Convicted & shot, the only Sov. leader to die like that-> "Times had Changed"
KHRUSCHEV (B.1884)- Poor illit. parents-> crude side that often masked his cunning
-> Rivals often didn't take him seriously- Joined Rev (1917)-> Pol. Commissar-> studied at Stalin Ind. Acad. in Mosc.
-> Rose to #2 in Mosc. party org & oversaw Metro-> full Politburo (1938)- Involved in purges, denouncing sev. students, & exterm. of Ukr. Intellig.- Pol. Comm. in WWII-> Saw more dest. than most-> deeply affected
- Instinctive & spontaneous-> unpredictable-> dangerous in high stakes crises- Could be as brutal & aggressive as Stalin at 1 time & peacemaker the next,
- Fully aware of the destructive power he controlled- Outmaneuvered Malenkov for PR & power
- Negot. new Trade Tr. w/China (1954)-> Better Sino-Sov. rel's - Restored rel's w/Yugosl. (1955)- Promoted more consumer ind's, freed. of arts, better pensions, freed
1000's of pol prisoners, & even opened Kremlin to visitors & kids' parties-> "Soc. w/a human face"-> More popular
- Showed Com. as beacon of hope to former Asian & Afr. colonies, -> Wildly enthus. welcome in India (1955)-> Had to be rescued from crowd-> Other succ. visits to Burma & Indonesia
- Conrad Adenauer got US, tied down in Korea, to agree to Ger rearm.-> Fr mad-> Having convinced Fr, end occup. of W Ger. & admit it to NATO (1955),
- Couldn't have nukes-> Warsaw Pact (1955)-> completed div. of Ger. b/w E & W
July, 1955- 1st E-W summit in Ger. since Potsdam in 1945-> Nothing really accom., but seemed to symbolize more friendly atmos.- Ike proposed "Open skies"-> Rejected as "Bold espionage plot."
Feb, 19, 1956- 20th cong. of Sov. Comm Party-> Deleg's from all over world-> Speech: War b/w E & W not inevitable since its super.-> power by vote-> Last day closed session-> 6 hr. speech denouncing Stalin, exposing
purges as fraud & Stalin as pathol. criminal-> Sensation->
1) US convinced true changes taking place2) China offended, basing its author. syst. & personality cult on Stalin
-> China more indep. from Moscow3) E. Eur. leaders fear for stability of regimes while pop's were excited,
esp. after hardliner, Molotov was relieved & exiled to Mongolia->
POLAND - Strike vs work cond's-> protest vs. gov-> Pol. army kills 74, hurts 300
-> Bulganin & Zhukov sent to Pol. & proclaim strikes stirred by "imperialists"-> Pol. reformers wanted to resore Wladislaw Gomulka who'd supported Tito
& more ind. Nat'l versions of Comm.-> Sov's agree to restore him, but along w/hardliners-> Rising hopes for reform-> discontent spread-> Leaders summoned to SU-> Refuse-> Khr. went to Warsaw (10/19/56) unnannounced-> Pol. fighters bounce his plane-> Khr. furious-> Denounces "treacherous acts" while Sov. troops in Pol. move on cities-> Gomulka defied him & threatened resistance-> Khr. stopped troops-> Agreed to let Gomulka rule while Pol. stayed faithful to Warsaw Pact-> Gomulka ruled as faithful ally 14 yrs, promoting ec. reforms->
HUNGARY- Student demos in Hung. in support of Poles (10/24)
-> Secret police shot sev.-> Workers join students & pull down Stalin statue-> Sov. troops seal off Budapest-> fierce fighting-> Hung. & even Rus. soldiers fraternize w/rioters-> Restore Imre Nagy as Pr. M. & Janos Kadar -> Call for amnesty for demos & ec. & pol. reforms but assure SU of loyalty-> Khr withrew troops from Budapest, but moved more to border-> Hung's mad-> seize bldg's, free elections in some villages, challenges to
Gov. auth., & 1000's of Hung. troops defec to rev's w/weapons-> Radio Free Eur. announced support for Hung's freedom fighters-> Nagy announced end of 1 party system & intention to form coalition of
other groups, incl. Rev councils-> Even army est. rev. councils-> SU recog. just. of workers' demands & agrees to pull troops from Hung.
SUEZ CRISIS- Meanwhile Br. & Fr seize Suez-> 2nd crisis just before election
-> Distracted from Hungary at most critical phase of crisis-> Khr 1st delayed, not wanting to look like imper. agressors Br & Fr-> Nagy (11/1) repudiated Warsaw Pact & decl. neutrality-> 15 Sov div's w/4k tanks (-> hard to fraternize) move on Budap. (11/3)-> Hung's fight back, buoyed by Radio Free Eur's promises-> US, not wanting to risk war, abandoned Hung's-> 3 wks fighting w/Molotov cocktails-> kill 700 Sov's & wound 1500;
3-4k Hung's killed while 200k flee, mostly to Austria-> Sov's replace Nagy w/Kadar who welcomed Sov's vs. counter-rev's &
promised reforms & new agreements w/other E Bloc nations- 35k arrested & 300 leaders exec., incl Nagy, lured from hiding
- Events of 1956 showed how far SU would go w/Destalinization1957- While gone in Finland, unsucc. coup to remove Khr.
-> Leaders exiled to outlying prov's & made heads of Elec. & concrete Fact's1961- Khr removed Stalin from next to Lenin to less prestig. spot by Kremlin
The ubiquitous Molotov Cocktail, drink of choice for anti-Soviet protesters during the Cold War.Recipe: Fill a bottle with gasoline and stuff its opening with a gasoline soaked rag. Light the rag, throw it against the nearest tank, and run like hellBelow right: Hungarian rebels drop a Molotov cocktail on a Soviet tank from an apartment window.
Captured Soviet tanks with insurgents’ markings