fdr and the new deal
TRANSCRIPT
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FDR and the NEW DEAL
“The only thing we have to fear is…. fear itself”
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The Election of 1932
Prosperity isjust around the corner
I promise a New Deal!
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INTRO to FDR
1. Americans ready for a change
2. Elected with 23 million votes (57% of voting population)
3. More of a quarterback…willing to experiment
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The New Deal Complete Web: “Impact…” Categorize federal programs: Relief
Recovery or Reform Read: WPA article and two letters (the last
two letters in the “Letters to Eleanor packet” - Describe the impact of job programs individuals
Slide show:Complete Chart Video: Develop an understanding of the AAA Laser Disc: Gather and check info on New
Deal programs
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THE DUST BOWL
Causes? Effects?
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Impact of the Depression on the American People
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LEGISLATIVE LEADERSHIP
1. THE FIRST 100 DAYS
2. PRESIDENT AND ADVISORS WRITE MAJOR NEW DEAL LAWS
3. CHECKS AND BALANCES
4. INCREASED POWERS OF PRES.
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New Deal Themes
Farmers
Checks and
Balances
Executive Powerand the Role of Government
Labor
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Congress: Legislates Programs
Judicial Branch: Determines Constitutionality
Executive BranchSuggests Legislation
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FDR – The Great Communicator1. GREAT
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
2. FIRESIDE CHATS – Connection to the people
3. PRESS CONFERENCES
4. NEW ROLES FOR THE FIRST LADY, ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
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Between March 9th and June 16th 1933 Congress passed more than 15
major pieces of New Deal Legislation
The First 100 Days
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Relief Recovery Reform
National Recovery Act, 1933
Home Owners Loan Corp, 1933
Federal Housing Administration,
1934
Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1933 and 1937
Emergency Banking Act, 1933
Federal Emergency Relief Act, 1933
Public Works Administration, 1933
Works Progress Administration, 1935
Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933
Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933
Glass-Steagall Banking Act,
1933
Securities Exchange Act,
1934
Social Security Act, 1935
National Labor Relations Act,
1935
Fair Labor Standards Act,
1938
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THE NEW DEAL
Relieffor those suffering
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Closed the nation’s banks (Bank Holiday)
Bank examiners check banks
Sound Banks Reopen
Emergency Banking Act
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Civil Works Administration
(CWA)
Public Works Administration
(PWA)
Created 3 million work relief jobs
repairing roads, parks and public buildings; replaced with Works
Progress Administration (WPA)
Created jobs on government projects that
increased worker buying power and
stimulated the economy
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Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC)
1. Provide employment for young men between ages of 18-25 conserving natural resources
2. $2.5 million men participated during programs history
Federal Emergency Relief
Administration
Distributed $500,000 to states and cities for
direct relief and work projects for the homeless and unemployed
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
1. Regional Development Project In Southeast
2. Intended to provide jobs, cheap electricity, flood control through construction of dams
3. Dams and power plants government owned
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THE NEW DEAL
Recoveryfor the sick economy
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National Industrial Recovery ACT
(NIRA)
Agricultural Adjustment Act
(AAA)1. Sought to control
overproduction and increase prices of agricultural products
2. Paid farmers to reduce number of acres they planted and livestock raised
3. funded through a tax on food processors
4. Declared unconstitutional in 1936 (Butler v. U.S)
1. Established National Recovery Administration (NRA)
2. Suspended nation’s anti-trust laws
3. Trade Associations developed codes to regulate wages, working conditions, production, prices
4. Declared unconstitutional (Schecter Poultry v. U.S.)
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Home Owners Loan Corp
Refinanced mortgages of middle income home owners
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THE NEW DEAL
Reformto prevent another Depression
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Glass-Steagall Banking Act
1. Established Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC)
2. Insured Bank Accounts up to $5,000
Social Security Act
1. Provided old age insurance, unemployment insurance
2. Gave assistance to dependent children and the elderly, ill and handicapped
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Securities Exchange Act
1. Required full disclosure of stock offered for sale
2. Established Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate stock market
3. Gave Federal Reserve Board power to regulate purchase of stock on margin
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National Labor Relations Act(Wagner Act)
1.Guaranteed Labor Right To Organize2. Guaranteed Right to collective
bargaining3. Outlawed unfair labor practices like
blacklisting4. Created National Labor Relations
Board
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CRITICISMS OF THE NEW DEAL:
1. OPPOSE INCREASED GOV’T ROLE IN ECONOMY (CREEPING SOCIALISM)
2. OPPOSE INCREASED TAXATION
3. OPPOSE DEFICIT SPENDING
4. OPPOSE WELFARE PROGRAMS
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CRITICISMS OF THE NEW DEAL: COURT PACKING
1. BUTLER V. U.S. & SCHECHTER V. U.S.
2. FDR PROPOSES INCREASING SIZE OF SUPREME COURT FROM 9 TO 15
3. PROPOSAL RAISES SERIOUS CONSITUTIONAL ISSUES
4. CONGRESS REJECTS PLAN (Checks and Balances)
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NEW DEAL: COURT CASES
The United States vs. Schechter Poultry Corporation (1935)
The Supreme Court rules the the NRA gave Congress the power to regulate intrastate
commerce and violated sep of powers
The United States vs. Butler (1936)The Supreme Court declares the AAA is
unconstitutional on the grounds that agriculture is a local, not an interstate
matter
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SCHECTHER (1935)
BACKGROUND: Schecther Poultry Company bought, slaughtered, and sold chickens only in NYS and was charged with failing to observe minimum wage and hour provisions.
ISSUE: Does the NIRA (and the President) have the power to regulate certain aspects of commerce during the Depression?
OPINION: Congress, not the President has the power to regulate commerce
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BUTLER (1936)
BACKGROUND: The 1933 AAA implemented a tax on the processing of agricultural commodities.ISSUE: Does the U.S. Congress exceed its power to tax and spend in order to provide for the general welfare of the US?
OPINION: The AAA is unconstitutional because it attempted to regulate and control agricultural production, an areareserved to the states