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FÉDÉRATION

INTERNATIONALE

DE GYMNASTIQUE

Av. de la Gare 12

1003 Lausanne

Suisse

Tél. (41-32) 494 64 10

Fax (41-32) 494 64 19

e-mail:

[email protected]

www. fig-gymnastics.com

FIG

ACADEMY

ANATOMY FOR

GYMNASTICS

Level 1

Lecture 1

Overview

Anatomical TerminologyANATOMY

OVERVIEW

Level 1

Lecture 1

The concepts presented

are supported by the

Additional Reference

Information Booklet

ANATOMY

Bone

Cartilage

Tendons & Ligaments

LECTURE

1

LECTURE

2

CONTRIBUTORS

Add to Bone Names

Joints in General

Joint Movements

Specific Joints

Branches of anatomy & physiology

The science of how traits are passed from parents to their offspring.

GENETICS

Functional changes associated with disease and aging.

Changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity.

Functions of specific organ systems.

Functions of the kidneys.

Functions of the air passageways and lungs.

How the body defends itself against disease- causing agents.

Functions of the heart and blood vessels.

Hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions.

Functional properties of nerve cells.

Functions of cells.

Study of

IMMUNOLOGY

RESPIRATORY

PHYSIOLOGY

RENAL

PHYSIOLOGY

SYSTEMIC

PHYSIOLOGY

EXERCISE

PHYSIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

ENDOCRINOLOGY

CARDIOVASCULAR

PHYSIOLOGY

CELL PHYSIOLOGY

Subdisciplines

The science of body functions,

that is, how the body parts work.

PHYSIOLOGY

Structural changes (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease.

Body structures that can be visualized with x-rays.

Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.

Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.

Structures that can be examined without using a microscope.

Anatomical landmarks on the surface of the body through visualization and palpation.

Chemical and microscopic structure of cells.Microscopic structure of tissues.

Structures that emerge from the time of the fertilized egg to the adult form.

Structures that emerge from the time of the fertilized egg through the eighth week in utero.

Study of

SYSTEMIC

ANATOMY

REGIONAL

ANATOMY

RADIOGRAPHIC

ANATOMY

PATHOLOGICAL

ANATOMY

DEVELOPMENTAL

ANATOMY

CYTOLOGY

SURFACE

ANATOMY

GROSS

ANATOMY

EMBRIOLOGY

Subdisciplines

The science of body structures and

the relationships among structures.

ANATOMY

Human anatomy and physiology involves learning about the “generic”

structures and processes that are found in most adults.

Basics of the

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEMS

Skeletal System

Articular System

Muscular System

Overview


OVERVIEW

Level 1

Lecture 1

Bone

Cartilage

Tendons & Ligaments

LECTURE

1

LECTURE

2

CONTRIBUTORS

Add to Bone Names

Joints in General

Joint Movements

Specific Joints




Information Booklet

ANATOMY

ANATOMICAL POSITION

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Toward the head, or upper part of a

structure

SUPERIOR Away from head,

or lower part of a

structure

INFERIOR

Toward the back of the body.

POSTERIOR(Dorsal)

Toward the front of the body.

ANTERIOR(Ventral)


Farther frommidline

Farther frommidline

LATERAL LATERAL


Nearer to

midline

Nearer to

midline

MEDIAL MEDIAL


Toward the surface of the body.

SUPERFICIAL


Away from the surface of the body.

DEEP


Farther from

the trunkDISTAL

Nearer to

the trunkPROXIMAL


Quiz1. The more proximal joint in the arm

A. elbow B. wrist

2. The more distal joint in the leg

A. ankle B. knee

3. The most lateral part of the hand

A. little finger B. thumb

4. The most medial part of the foot

A. big toe B. little toe

5. The nose is ___?__ to the chin

A. inferior B. superior

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

- Know the Axes

z TRANSVERSE

AXISx SAGITTAL AXIS

(Anterior-Posterior axis)

y LONGITUDINAL AXIS

0

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

- Know the PlanesFRONTAL PLANE

Divides into Front & back

0

In the FRONTAL PLANE

(abduction / adductiion)

From Martini

MOVEMENT about AXES (red dots) in PLANES

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

- Know the Planes

0

SAGITTAL PLANE

Divides in 2 Sides

From Martini

In the SAGITTAL PLANE

(flexion / extension)

MOVEMENT about AXES (red dots) in Planes

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

- Know the PlanesTRANSVERSE PLANE

Divides Top & bottom

0

FromMartini

In the TRANSVERSE PLANE

(Rotation)

MOVEMENT about AXES (red dots) in PLANES

Overview


OVERVIEW

Level 1

Lecture 1

Bone

Cartilage

Tendons & Ligaments

LECTURE

1

LECTURE

2

CONTRIBUTORS

Add to Bone Names

Joints in General

Joint Movements

Specific Joints




Information Booklet

ANATOMY

Skeletal System

Bones1.a) Structure

b) Function

c) Names

2. Bones are covered on the outside by a

fibrous membrane, the PERIOSTEUM, to

which tendons and ligaments will attach.

3. There are 2 kinds of bones. Long bones

located in the limbs & short bones in the

skull, spine, & pelvis.

1. Compact bone is the solid, hard outside

part of bones. Cancellous (spongy) bone

is found at ends of long bones, inside the

compact bone.

1. THE STRUCTURE OF BONE

spongy bonecompact bone

1. THE STRUCTURE OF BONE

1. Supports soft tissues and provides

attachment for skeletal muscles.

2. Protects internal organs.

3. Provides movement together with skeletal muscles.

4. Stores and releases minerals.

5. Contains red bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

6. Contains yellow bone marrow, which stores fats.

1. THE FUNCTION OF BONE

toes

Patella

Tarsals (ankle)

Pelvis

Humerus

Scapula

(medial)Cubitus or Ulna

Tibia(medial)

Fibula(lateral)

Metacarpals (hand)Carpals (wrist)

Metatarsals (foot)

Radius (lateral)

Clavicle

Femur

fingers

1. MAJOR BONES OF THE BODY

Cartilage2.

a) Structure

b) Function

2.1 Articular

Skeletal System

Articular cartilage

Articular cartilage

2.1 THE STRUCTURE OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

1. Provides smooth articular surfaces for

movable (synovial) joints

2. It Protects through shock absorbing.

3. Has poor regenerative (healing) capacity.

Damage can lead to degeneration of tissue

4. Mainly subjected to compression forces.

2.1 THE FUNCTIONS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

Skeletal System

Cartilage2.

a) Structure

b) Function

a) Structure

b) Function

2.1 Articular

2.2 Growth

2.2 THE STRUCTURE OF GROWTH CARTILAGE

Growth cartilage

Growth cartilage

Epiphysis

Epiphysis

(physis)

(physis)

Growth plate (physis)

1. Responsible for growth in height.

2. Fuses (ossifies) in late teens

resulting in cessation of growth.

3. Note: bumps (tubercles) on bones

for tendon attachment also have

growth plates.

2.2 THE FUNCTIONS OF GROWTH CARTILAGE

Skeletal System

Cartilage2.Bones1.

a) Structure

b) Function

a) Structure

b) Function

a) Structure

b) Function

2.1 Articular

2.2 Growth

2.3 Fibrocartilage

From Martini

2.3 THE STRUCTURE OF FIBROCARTILAGE

Fibrocartilage

From Martini


Fibrocartilage(wrist)

From Martini

Fibrocartilage(knee)


1. Provides articular pad for some

movable (synovial) joints.

2. Provides tough union between

structures.

3. Examples of fibrocartilage pads in joints:

• between ulna & metacarpals (wrist)

• between vertebrae

• lateral & medial meniscus cartilage (knee)

2.3 THE FUNCTIONS OF FIBROCARTILAGE

Skeletal System

Bones1.

Cartilage2.

Ligaments3.1

a) Structure

b) Function

3.2 Tendons

a) Structure

b) Function

From Martini

3.1 THE STRUCTURE OF LIGAMENTS

Ligaments(knee)

From Moore

3.1 THE STRUCTURE OF LIGAMENTS

Ligament(wrist)

1. Strong rope-like tissue joins bone to bone.

2. Ligamentous joint capsule surrounds

(encapsulates) moveable (synovial) joints.

3. Capsule is also reinforced with ligaments.

4. There are some ligaments within joints (for

example: knee & hip).

5. In joints between long bones of the limbs

there are often thick ligaments on each

side of the joint (collateral ligaments).

3.1 THE FUNCTIONS OF LIGAMENTS

From Lindsay

3.2 THE STRUCTURE OF TENDONS

Tendons(arm)

Tendons

1. Strong rope-like tissue that joins

muscle to bone.

2. Inserts into the periosteum of bone

with some fibers actually interwoven

into bone matix.

3. Sometimes in sheets called fascia.

4. Some tendons also serve as joint

stabilizers (rotator cuff of shoulder)

3.2 THE FUNCTIONS OF TENDONS

In pairs, #1 and #2

Partners take turns answering

questions given by lecturer…

FIG

ACADEMY

Level 1

Lecture 1

ANATOMY

for

Gymnastics

Adrian STAN (ROM, GBR)

CONTRIBUTORS

The FIG appreciates

the collaborative

efforts by expert

individuals who

have worked to

develop these

presentations.

Keith Russell, PhD (CAN) principal author

fÉdÉration internationale de ... - gymnastics australia · 2. bones are covered on the outside by...

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