feasibility study on the use of telemedicine for livestock final

8/2/2019 Feasibility Study on the Use of Telemedicine for Livestock FINAL

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Bfxil ae |ni hae|i~| ao HK Zyrf |igidilchcei oar i|ircefrs nifg|nhfri hfe idirì fx fefzzrazrcf|i xagy|cae fx vyfgcocil fel hadzi|ie| lah|arx fri xhfrhi; zirnfzx rihaèc}ce` |ni`rfc|s ao |ni hrcxcx xiirfg ao |nid fri ie|nyxcfx|ch |a zracli flchi |nray`n |igidilchcei%

Dariair |ni rivycril |ihneaga`s cx ffcgfbgi fel fgrifls i~|iexcigs yxil oar nydfe dilchceifel eydbir ao xyhhixxoyg cec|cf|cix hfe bi oayel ba|n pc|nce |ni ri`cae fel igxipniri% \niGcix|ahk kiizirx ixzihcfggs xniiz kiizirx nfi |ni fbcgc|s |a zfs oar |ni xirchi fel |niri cxnc`n ziei|rf|cae ao dabcgi znaeix fdae` |nid% Pnf| cx gfhkce` cx |ni fzzrazrcf|i hae|ie|lixcè fel byxceixx zgfe oar fe ie|rizrieiyr% C| cx ce |ncx hae|i~| |nf| oifxcbcgc|s x|yls ae |niyxi ao |igidilchcei oar gcix|ahk cx bice` hfrrcil ay|%

Abmih|ci ao |ni X|yls

Ce ìeirfg |ni x|yls fcdx |a ix|fbgcxn f |igidilchcei dalig oar za|ie|cfg cdzgidie|f|cae ce HKZyrf% \ni x|yls ce|ielx |a fhncii |ni oaggapce` xzihcoch abmih|cix=

f% I~zgari xniiz nifg|n$rigf|il cxxyix fx i~zirciehil bs |ni |rflc|caefg xniznirlx

haddyec|s ce HK Zyrf;b% Fxxixx |ni oifxcbcgc|s ao f haddirhcfg dabcgi$znaei$bfxil |igidilihcei xagy|cae |a |ni

cdzraidie| ao gcix|ahk nifg|n$rigf|il cxxyix rigife| |a |ni |rflc|caefg xniznirlxhaddyec|s ce HK Zyrf; fel

h% Rihaddiel oyr|nir rixifrhn x|izx ce arlir |a |yre |ni |igidilchcei dalig ce|a f cfbgibyxceixx hfxi%

\ni Dabcgi Znaei$Bfxil \igidilchcei Dalig

\ni zfr|chygfr |igidilihcei dalig pnchn |ncx x|yls nfx fxxixxil nfx biie liigazil bs |niCelcfe Cex|c|y|i ao Xhciehi Bfe`fgari ce haazirf|cae pc|n f gahfg ie|rizrieiyr orad HK Zyrf%\ni ocefg |igidilchcei zralyh| cx ce|ielil |a bi dfrki|il ae f haddirhcfg bfxcx bs |ni gahfgie|rizrieiyr ce HK Zyrf% C| fcdx |a fllrixx gcix|ahk nifg|n$rigf|il cxxyix ao xniznirlx ce HKZyrf |nray`n f dabcgi znaei$bfxil fzzgchf|cae%

\ni dfce hadzaeie|x ao |ni zralyh| fri dabcgi znaeix ao |ni hgcie|x fel f dabcgi lf|f dygipnchn cx f lf|f x|arfì fel zrahixxce` ofhcgc|s daye|il ae f bchshgi ar da|arbcki |a |rfexoirlf|f |a |ni iel$yxirx fel pnchn cx celizielie| ao `rcl zapir% Lf|f hfe bi yzgaflil |a fellapegaflil orad |ncx ofhcgc|s yxce` bgyi|aa|n @ZRX fel pcrigixx%

Fe|chczf|il ay|hadi ao |ni x|yls

Oar |ni xniiz fel |nicr kiizirx ce |ni frifx ao HK Zyrf hyrrie| |cdix fri f liocece` dadie|

fx |nis ofhi xiirfg cehae`ryc|cix ce |nicr xniiz kiizce` xi||ce`x% Pncgi |niri fri xiirihaex|rfce|x ! zrabgidx ce fhhixx |a `rf}ce` gfelx pf|ir nifg|n hfri ey|rc|cae fel nirldfefìdie| zrfh|chix .fel a|nirx#; |niri fri fgxa eip fel bc` azzar|yec|cix oar xiirfgyey|cgc}il ! yeliry|cgc}il fxzih|x ao |ni xniiz zralyh|x `rf}ce` frifx fel xniiz kiizirx%Gfhk ao |cdigs fhhixx |a fel zaar vyfgc|s ao nifg|n hfri oar |ni gcix|ahk cx f dfmar haex|rfce| aoxniiz kiizirx ce |ni zramih| ri`cae% \ni x|yls |rcix |a rfcxi |ni haehire |nf| |niri cx f gfhk aoflivyf|i achi oar xniiz ofrdirx fel lrfpx |ni f||ie|cae ao zagchs dfkirx rixifrhnirx felxhcie|cx|x |apfrlx zagchs oardygf|cae fel zrada|ce` |ni yxi ao eip |ihneaga`cix gcki|igidilchcei |a hf|ir |ni eiil ao |ni ryrfg zazygf|cae% Oyr|nir |ni x|yls fxxixx |ni cfbcgc|s ao f



Oifxcbcgc|s X|yls ae |ni Yxi ao \igidilchcei oar Gcvix|ahk ?

yxce` |igidilchcei ce gcix|ahk |apfrlx fllrixxce` |ni gcix|ahk nifg|n hfri rigf|il zrabgidxofhil bs |ni xniznirlx by| fgxa fx f xayrhi ao gcigcnaal oar f eip ie|irzrcxi%

Xhazi fel Gcdc|f|caex

\ni x|yls cx gcdc|il |a |ni li|irdcef|cae ao |ni oifxcbcgc|s ao f xzihcoch dabcgi$bfxil|igidilchcei dalig |a bi lcxhyxxil ce |ni xyhhiilce` xih|caex fx fzzgcil ce HK Zyrf% Ea iooar|pfx dfli |a fxxixx za|ie|cfg rizgchf|cae ao |ni dalig ce a|nir frifx% \ni fefgsxcx cx fgxa

haex|rfceil |a |ni ceoardf|cae zraclil bs |ni kis ceoardfe|x% \fbgi 8 xyddfrc}ix |ni xhazifel gcdc|f|cae ao |ni oifxcbcgc|s x|yls% A|nir za|ie|cfg |ihneaga`chfg xagy|caex oar |ni clie|cocilzrabgid nfi ea| biie fxxixxil%

\fbgi 8 Xhazi ao |ni X|yls

Ce Xhazi Ay| ao Xhazi

\a clie|cos x|fkinaglirx rigife| |a |ni `cie|igidilchcei dalig ce |ni `cie gahfg hae|i~|

\a clie|cos a|nir gcigcnaal rigf|il cxxyix ao |nixniznirlx haddyec|s a|nir |nf| gcix|ahknifg|n zrabgidx .xniiz#

\a haelyh| ce|ircipx pc|n |ni clie|cocilx|fkinaglirx |a i~fdcei cxxyix rigife| |a |ni`cie |igidilchcei dalig fel gahfg hae|i~|

\a liigaz a|nir fzzrafhnix |nfe |ni `cie|igdilchcei dalig |a fllrixx gcix|ahk nifg|nzrabgidx ao |ni xniznirlx haddyec|s

\a i~zgari azcecaex ao |ni x|fkinaglirxri`frlce` |ni `cie |igidilchcei dalig

\a fxxixx a|nir |ihnechfg |igidilchceixagy|caex |nfe |ni `cie dalig

\a fxxixx |ni `cie |igidilihcei dalig ce|irdx ao |ihnechfg oifxcbcgc|s oar c|x ce|ielilzyrzaxi ihaeadch oifxcbcgc|s oar |ni xniznirlxhaddyec|s fel ocefehcfg oifxcbcgc|s oar |niie|rizrieiyr bfxil ae ffcgfbgi ceoardf|aefel ix|cdf|ix

\a fxxixx |ni xyc|fbcgc|s ao |ni zralyh| oara|nir ce|ielil hgcie|x |nfe |ni |rflc|caefgxniznirlx haddyec|s ce HK Zyrf

\a celchf|i oyr|nir x|izx |a bi |fkie fel

azzar|yec|cix |a i~zgari ce arlir |a |yre |ni|igidilihcei dalig ce|a f cfbgi byxceixxhfxi

\a fxxixx fg|iref|cix |a f haddirhcfg

dfrki|$bfxil fzzrafhn\a fxxixx |ni oifxcbcgc|s ao |ni zralyh| oara|nir x|fkinaglirx |nfe |naxi ce|ircipil

\a liigaz f byxceixx zgfe

\a |ix| |ni |ihneaga`s pc|n |ni x|fkinaglirxfel ceharzarf|i |nicr oiilbfhk

Di|nalaga`s

\ni oifxcbcgc|s x|yls yxix vyfgc|f|ci fel vyfe|c|f|ci lf|f `f|nirce` di|nalx xyhn fx kisceoardfe| ce|ircip% Lixk ricip fel ricip ao gc|irf|yri piri haelyh|il |a ix|fbgcxn |ni

hae|i~| fel xiri fx fgclf|cae ao |ni vyfgc|f|ci ceoardf|cae% Ce `ieirfg |ni rixifrhn |ifdflaz|il f zfr|chczf|ars fzzrafhn ce hadce` yz pc|n ocelce`x fel rihaddielf|caex%

\ni x|yls nfx biie haelyh|il ce |ni cggf`i ao HK Zyrf ce |ni \ydkyr lcx|rch| ce |ni Ifx| aoKfref|fkf X|f|i Celcf%



Oifxcbcgc|s X|yls ae |ni Yxi ao \igidilchcei oar Gcvix|ahk >

CCC% Lixhrcz|cae ao |ni Zrabgid fel X|fkinaglirx

\ncx xih|cae zraclix f ìeirfg aircip ao |ni i~cx|ce` nifg|n zrabgidx rigf|il |a xniizrifrce`% Ce arlir |a hadi yz pc|n f |igidilchcei xagy|cae rixzaexci |a gahfg cxxyix f zrabgidfefgsxcx pfx haelyh|il |a `fce f liizir yelirx|felce` ao yelirgsce` cxxyix fel |nicr

harrixzaelce` hfyxi fel iooih| rigf|caexnczx% F x|fkinaglir fefgsxcx pfx fgxa hfrrcil ay| |adfz |ni x|fkinaglirx |nf| pcgg bi fooih|il ar hfe fooih| |ni xagy|cae |nicr zaxc|caex fel zapir |aceogyiehi%

Zrabgid Fefgsxcx

Oar xniznirlx |ni nifg|n ao |nicr xniiz cx f hrc|chfg cxxyi |a |nicr gcigcnaalx% F 2::< eiilx$fefgsxcx haehgylil |nf| gcix|ahk nifg|n zrabgidx haex|c|y|i |ni hari zrabgid oar xniznirlx ceHK Zyrf frif% Gcix|ahk nifg|n zrabgidx hadzrcxi ao |ni li|ircarf|cae ao fe ceoih|il fecdfg'xnifg|n x|f|yx fx pigg fx |ni xzrifl ao lcxifxix orad ceoih|il |a nifg|ns fecdfgx lyi |a liochcie|zriie|f|ci fel hyrf|ci fecdfg nifg|n hfri% Zriie|ci hfri cehgylix |ni fhhcef|cae ao |nigcix|ahk |ni rf|i ao pnchn cx hyrrie|gs frayel ?9) oar xniiz fel a|nir zriie|f|ci difxyrix

xyhn fx |ni cxagf|cae ao ceoih|il fecdfgx orad |ni rix| ao |ni nirl% Liochcie| hyrf|ci fecdfgnifg|n hfri zrfh|chix fri riogih|il ce |ni cdzrazir ar ligfsil ar eae$|rif|die| ao lcxifxix% Fxfe cggyx|rf|ci i~fdzgi ao ceflivyf|i |rif|die| fe ce|ircipil xniznirl rizar|il |nf| nifgpfsx fzzgcix f zfr|chygfr lry` oar |ni |rif|die| ao day|n yghirx% \ncx |rif|die| napiir cx cedfes hfxix aegs xsdz|adf|ch fx c| laix ea| fllrixx |ni yelirgsce` lcxifxi% Dariair c||yreil ay| |nf| |ncx zfr|chygfr lry` fzzgcil bs |ni xniznirl cx oar li$pardce` zyrzaxix aegs%Fhharlce` |a fe ce|ircipil i|ircefrcfe zrfh|c|caeir dfes xniznirlx fzzgs dilchcei ae f |rcfg$fel$irrar bfxcx pnchn nfx ea| aegs ihaeadch rizirhyxxcaex ce |irdx ao |ni hax|gs yxi aoceflivyf|i lry`x by| fgxa fggapx |ni lcxifxi |a zra`rixx fel xzrifl fel dfs rixyg| ce |niza|ie|cfg gaxx ao gcix|ahk%

\niri fri oci raa|x hfyxix giflce` |a liochcie| zriie|ci fel hyrf|ci fecdfg nifg|n hfri=

f% \ni ocrx| hfyxi cx |ni idirìehi ao eip lcxifxix pnchn nfi lcooirie| cdzgchf|caex oargcix|ahk kiizirx% \ni xniznirlx rizar|il |nf| |nicr |rflc|caefg dilchceix fri ea|ioochcie| ce |ni |rif|die| ao eip lcxifxix% Dariair oar xadi eip lcxifxix hyrrie|gs|niri fri ea fhhceix ce Celcf ffcgfbgi%

b% \ni xihael hfyxi cx |ni gfhk ao keapgilì fel fpfrieixx ao |ni xniznirlx haddyec|sfbay| lcxifxix fel |nicr |rif|die|% Zfr| ao |ncx cxxyi rigf|ix |a |rflc|caefg xniiz rifrce`zrfh|chix% Oar i~fdzgi xadi|cdix |ni xniznirlx yxi rigc`cayx xirchix ce hfxi ao fefecdfg'x xchkeixx cex|ifl ao xiikce` haexyg|f|cae orad f i|ircefrcfe zrfh|c|caeir%

h% \ni |ncrl hfyxi cx cexyoochcie| fhhixx |a i|ircefrs xirchix pnchn cx zfr|gs |ni rixyg| ao|ni gap eydbir ao i|ircefrs zrfh|c|caeirx zir xniznirl ffcgfbgi% Ce fllc|cae |a |ncx

i|ircefrs xirchix hfeea| bi fhhixxil ifxcgs pnie xniznirlx rixcli ar `rf}i |nicrfecdfgx ce rida|i frifx% Haexivyie|gs |rsce` |a fhhixx i|ircefrs xirchix ceagixhax|x ce |irdx ao |cdi .i%`% pfc|ce` oar |ni i|ircefrs |a hadi xadi|cdix |fkix <$9 lfsx#fel daeis .i%`% ic|nir ce |ni oard ao |rfexzar|f|caex hax|x |a rifhn |ni i|ircefrs ar oiixhnfrìl bs |ni i|ircefrs |a xii |ni xniznirlx#%

l% \ni oayr|n hfyxi cx |ni cexyoochcie| vyfgc|s ao i|ircefrs xirchix pfx x|f|il bs xadixniznirlx% Fhharlce` |a |nid |nis xadi|cdix keip bi||ir fbay| f lcxifxix |nfe |ni




i|ircefrs ‘ |ncx x|f|idie| napiir nfx |a bi |rif|il pc|n hfy|cae .xii gfhk aokeapgilì / fpfrieixx#%

i% Ocefggs |ni cehrifxi ao lry` zrchix fel haex|rfce|x ce |ni bylì| fggahf|il oar |nii|ircecfrs xirchix nfx lihrifxil |ni fdaye| ao orii lry`x ffcgfbgi |nray`n |nii|ircefrs%

Oc`yri 6 Zrabgid \rii

Fe flivyf|i fel iooih|ci |igidilchcei xagy|cae xnaygl fllrixx xadi ao |ni oci raa| hfyxix% C|xnaygl bi fbgi |a=

f% Hae|rcby|i |a |ni cdzraidie| ao xniznirlx' keapgilì fel fpfrieixx ao lcxifxix|nicr |rif|die|;

b% Dc|c`f|i |ni cdzfh| ao |ni xzrifl ao eip lcxifxix;h% Iexyri |ni xyoochcie| fhhixx |a i|ircefrs haexyg|fehs;l% Cdzrai |ni vyfgc|s ao i|ircefrs xirchix bs dfkce` yxi ao fel fhhydygf|ce` i~zir|

keapgilì ao xniiz lcxifxix; feli% Rilyhi |ni |cdi fel hax|x fxxahcf|il pc|n |ni haexyg|f|cae ao i|ircefrs zrfh|c|caeirx%

Haexivyie|gs fe flivyf|i xagy|cae xnaygl iexyri |nf| ba|n fxzih|x liochciehcix cezriie|ci fel hyrf|ci fecdfg nifg|n hfri fri fllrixxil fel |nyx cdzrai |ni harizrabgid ao gcix|ahk nifg|n zrabgidx% Yg|cdf|igs |ni yxi ao |igidilchcei xnayglhae|rcby|i |a cdzrai xniznirlx' gcigcnaal xihyrc|s dcecdc}i |nicr gcix|ahk lcxifxi$rigf|il ihaeadch gaxxix fel rilyhi |nicr ygeirfbcgc|s ao ì||ce` ceoih|il bs xniizlcxifxix hae|f`cayx oar nydfex%

X|fkinaglir Fefgsxcx

\ni dfce bieiochcfrs ao |ni |igidilchcei xagy|cae paygl bi |ni xniznirlx% A|nir hrc|chfgx|fkinaglirx |nf| ce|irofhix pc|n |ni xagy|cae fri |ni i|ircefrcfex znfrdfhcx|x fel |niie|rizrieiyr% Ce dfzzce` x|fkinaglirx' ce|irix|x ce |ni zralyh| |nicr li`rii ao ceogyiehi ae |nixyhhixx ao |ni zralyh| fel |nicr x|f|il f||c|ylix |apfrlx |ni zralyh| c| bihadix hgifr |nf| fggx|fkinaglirx fri ìeirfggs xyzzar|ci ao |ni clif ao nfce` f dabcgi$znaei bfxil |igidilchceixagy|cae |a gcix|ahk nifg|n zrabgidx% X|rf|i`cix oar iexyrce` |ni xyhhixx ao |ni xagy|cae xnayglef|yrfggs ceharzarf|i ix|fbgcxndie| ao hgaxir rigf|caexnczx fel gcekfì bi|piie |nix|fkinaglirx fx pigg fx ri`ygfr oiilbfhk fel haexyg|f|cae |a kiiz |nid ce|irix|il%



Oifxcbcgc|s X|yls ae |ni Yxi ao \igidilchcei oar Gcvix|ahk 6:

\fbgi 9 Ce|irix|x Ceogyiehi fel F||c|ylix ao X|fkinaglirxX|fkinaglirx Kis Ce|irix| ce |ni

Zralyh|Ceogyiehi ae |ni Xyhhixx

ao |ni Zralyh|F||c|yli \apfrlx |ni

Zralyh|

Xniznirlx Cdzraidie| ao |nicr

gcix|ahk'x nifg|n$rigf|il zrabgidx

Nc`n=

iel yxirx / dfce |frì|`rayz

lihcxci ofh|ar oarxyhhixx ao zralyh|=ihaeadch fgyizirhicil

Zaxc|cvi=

ifxcir fhhixx |a i|%xirchix xfce`x ao |cdi /daeis

zaxc|ci cdzygxi |nray`nie|rizrieiyr= pigg keapefel ceogyie|cfg zirxae ce|ni haddyec|s

_i|ircefrcfe zralyh| oriix i|x orad

|cdi$haexydce` |rczx |arida|i ofrdirx

rifhn ay| |a nc`nir ea%ao ofrdirx pc|n |nicrxirchix

cehrifxil lcxifxihae|rag / zriie|cae

Nc`n=

iel yxirx xyhhixx ao zralyh|

liziel ae |nicrzfr|chczf|cae! cezy|

Zaxc|cvi=

rihaèc|cae ao nydfe|igidilihcei xyhhix

zaxc|cigs ceogyiehil lyi |aofdcgcfrc|s pc|n |niie|rizrieiyr

Znfrdfhcx|x= byxceixx azzar|yec|s.xfgix ao lry`x#

Nc`n =

iel yxirx

xyhhixx ao zralyh|lizielx ae |nicrpcggceèixx |a fhhiz| |ni

lah|ar–x zrixhrcz|cae|nray`n |ni zralyh|

Eiy|rfg=

dfs ar dfs ea|i~zirciehi cehrifxil lry`xfgix

zaxc|cigs ceogyiehil lyi |a

ofdcgcfrc|s pc|n |niie|rizrieiyr

@av'|Aoochfgx aoLizfr|die|ao FecdfgNyxbfelrs

cehrifxil lcxifxihae|rag / zriie|cae

Dilcyd=

fzzrai yxi ao|igidilihcei oar_i|ircefrcfe

_irs Zaxc|cvi=

rihaèc|cae ao nydfe|igidilihcei xyhhix

zaxc|cigs ceogyiehil lyi |aofdcgcfrc|s pc|n |niie|rizrieiyr

Ie|rizrieiyr Zraoc|fbcgc|s ao zralyh| Nc`n=

Ceix|ar

rixzaexcbgi oardfrki|ce`lcxxidcef|cae /dfce|iefehi ao zralyh|

lihcxci ofh|ar=zraoc|fbcgc|s ao zralyh|

_irs zaxc|cvi=

lrcce` oarhi bincel |nicec|cf|cae ao |ni zramih|

ofdcgcfrc|s pc|n a|nircdzar|fe| x|fkinaglirx /gahfg hae|i~|

CH\Xzihcfgcx|x.CCXh#=

xyhhixxoyglcxxidcef|cae ao |nicr|ihneaga`chfg xagy|cae.ceeaf|cae#

Nc`n=

rixzaexcbgi oar xao|pfri/ nfrlpfri zralyh|cae

_irs zaxc|cvi=

lrcce` oarhi bincel |nicec|cf|cae ao |ni zramih|

ofdcgcfrc|s pc|nie|rizrieiyr

Gcvix|ahk Cdzrail byxceixx Gap= Eiy|rfg=




X|fkinaglirx Kis Ce|irix| ce |niZralyh|

Ceogyiehi ae |ni Xyhhixxao |ni Zralyh|

F||c|yli \apfrlx |niZralyh|

\rflirx azzar|yec|cix lyi |anifg|ncir gcix|ahk

ea lcrih| ceogyiehi! ealcrih| iel yxirx

dfs ar dfs ea|i~zirciehi ihaeadch`fcex orad cdzrailgcix|ahk nifg|n

Rf|ce` Xhfgix= Nc`n ‘ Eiy|rfg ‘ Gap_irs Zaxc|ci ‘ Zaxc|ci ‘ Eiy|rfg ‘ Ei`f|ci ‘ _irs Ei`f|ci

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Oc`yri < Zrivie|cae hadzaeie|




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Yxir fhhiz|fbcgc|s

Ce arlir oar |ni |ihneaga`s |a bi oifxcbgi xadi haexclirf|caex ae |ni yxir fhhiz|fbcgc|s dyx| bidfli%

F% XniznirlxFx xniznirlx fri cggc|irf|i |ni |igidilchcei xsx|id nfx |a bi irs ifxs |a yxi fel |ayelirx|fel% \ni achi$bfxil xsx|id pnchn cx parkce` pc|n zch|yrix fllrixxix |nixihaehirex fel xnfgg bi ifxs |a nfelgi% Oar f zrazir yxi ao |ni fzzgchf|cae |ni xniznirlx

x|cgg eiil f zrazir |rfcece` by| |ncx cx i~zih|il |a bi `cie pc|nce fbay| 8: dcey|ix pnie|ni xniznirlx fri ri`cx|iril fel |ni fzzgchf|cae cx cex|fggil ae |ni znaei bioari |ni ocrx|yxi% \ni fhhiz|fehi f| |nf| giig |nirioari cx i~zih|il |a bi àal%

Fllc|caefggs |ni xsx|id nfx |a bi ifxs |a lifg pc|n ce znfrdfhcix% \ni xsx|id pcgg zracli|ni lixhrcz|cae ce f hadbceil pfs |ni prc||ie efdi ao |ni dilchcei |aì|nir pc|n f achi$bfxil feeayehidie| fel zaxxcbgs f zch|yri% \ncx zrixhrcz|cae hfe bi xnape ce |niznfrdfhs% Fhharlce` |a |ni znfrdfhcx|x |ncx xnaygl ea| bi f zrabgid ce |ni znfrdfhs |anfelgi pc|n%

Oar yxce` |igidilchcei pc|n dabcgi znaeix xniznirlx eiil ic|nir f Xdfr|znaei pc|n fefelracl xsx|id ar fe X?: znaei% Bfxil ae |ni ceoardf|cae rihicil c| cx fxxydil |nf| f

bc` zfr| ao |ni xniznirlx fgrifls ape xyhn f znaei fx |nis yxyfggs nfi echi eip znaeix%Co ea| c| cx fxxydil |nf| pc|nce ? |a 62 dae|nx f gfrì eydbir ao xniznirlx pcgg iie apefelracl znaeix fel |ni hax|x ao |naxi fri i~zih|il |a hadi lape xcècochfe|gs% \nifhhiz|fehi ao |ni |szi ao znaeix eiilil |nirioari xnaygl bi àal%

\ni xniznirlx xiid |a bi parrcil fbay| rihnfr`ce` |ni znaeix pnie |nis fri ae gaeìr`rf}ce` |rczx% Fx |ni xsx|id ce |ni bi`ceece` ce fes hfxi pcgg park hgaxi |a cggfìx felpc|nce |ni rfeì ao |ni lf|f dygi |ni zrabgid f| |nf| dadie| cx ei`gc`cbgi%




Aei vyix|cae cx ce pnf| i~|ie| |ni xniznirlx fri oaggapce` |ni flchix `cie bs |ni|igidilchcei fzzgchf|cae% Fhharlce` |a |ni ceoardf|cae zraclil bs |ni xniznirlx |nis frifxkce` oar flchi orad i|ircefrcfex xa |ni fhhiz|fbcgc|s cx i~zih|il |a bi nc`n%

B% Znfrdfhcx|x Fhharlce` |a |ni ceoardf|cae zraclil bs f znfrdfhcx|' c| pae–| bi f zrabgid |a lifg pc|n |nizrixhrcz|caex ae f znaei ce f znfrdfhs co |ni zrixhrcz|cae cx hgifr% C| pcgg bi iie ifxcir oar|ni znfrdfhcx| |a nfelgi |ni prc||ie zrixhrcz|caex co |ni xniznirl cx ea| fbgi |a i~zgfce pnf|kcel ao xsdz|adx ncx xniiz nfi% \cdi hfe bi yxil dari ioochcie|gs oar |ni znfrdfhcx|%

H% _i|ircefrcfexOar |ni i|ircefrcfe c| pcgg bi |cdi$ioochcie| |a lifg pc|n |ni xniznirlx haehirex felvyix|caex ce fe ioochcie| fel x|ryh|yril pfs%

Rcxkx fel azzar|yec|cix

Zy||ce` |aì|nir |ni |ihneaga`s fel |ni dilchfg fefgsxcx nc`ngc`n|x cdzar|fe| rcxkx felazzar|yec|cix |nf| gifl |a |ni haehgyxcae |nf| c| hfe fllrixx nifg|nhfri zrabgidx |ni xniznirlxofhi ce dfes cdzar|fe| pfsx by| xadi haexclirf|cae dax| bi dfli oar c| |a bi xyhhixxoyg%

F% Rcxkx

Xniznirlx fgxa à ae gaeìr `rf}ce` |rczx' lyrce` |nf| |cdi |nis pae–| bi pc|nce |nirifhn ao |ni lf|f dygi fx c| cx oarixiie ce f ocrx| x|fì% \nis pae–| bi hgaxi |a |nicr nadicggfì fel dc`n| ea| iie bi fbgi |a rihnfrì |nicr znaei bf||ircix% \ncx zfr| nfx |a bifllrixxil pc|n f oaggapce` ar dyg|czgchf|cae xsx|id%

\ni fhhyrf|i rf|i ao ffcgfbcgc|s ao fzzrazrcf|i dabcgi znaeix cx ea| keape% Bfxil ae|ni ceoardf|cae rihicil c| hfe bi fxxydil |nf| |ni yxi ao higg znaeix oar |ni|ihneaga`s pae–| bi f zrabgid by| dari xzihcoch ceoardf|cae xnaygl bi haggih|il%

\ni hyg|yrfg bfrrcir fel |ni cggc|irfhs ao xniznirlx nfi |a bi fllrixxil ce f hyg|yrfgflfz|il xiexc|ci fzzrafhn%

B% Azzar|yec|cix

\ni ei|park hrif|il fel |ni hrapl ceoardf|cae orad |ni xniznirlx yxce` |ni fzzgchf|caefel |nicr ri`cx|rf|cae fel ceoardf|cae xzrifl |nray`n |ni lf|f dygi cx f nyì flfe|fì%\ncx bihfyxi xniznirlx fel ofrdirx ce ìeirfg fgyf|i f ga| |ni ceoardf|cae |nis ì|orad fel fbay| a|nir xniznirlx fel |nicr zrfh|chix% \nis myx| pfe| |a keap pnf| |nicreic`nbayrx la%

\ni fhhiz|fehi ao |ihneaga`s Wce |ni Celcfe xahci|s ce ìeirfg fel iie pc|nce |nixniznirlx cx nc`n% \ncx iefbgix f rfzcl liigazdie| ao |ni |igidilchcei fzzgchf|cae% Fgfrì eydbir ao xniznirlx dc`n| fgrifls yxi |ni |szi ao dabcgi znaeix eiilil oar

ryeece` |ni |igidilchcei fzzgchf|cae% \ni vyfgc|s hae|rag orad f i|ircefrcfe cx fgpfsx cehgylil fel f| |ni xfdi |cdi |ni

|igidilchcei oar xniiz ì|x fgpfsx dari ioochcie|gs fx dari lf|f cx ffcgfbgi ce |ni lf|fdygi% Fel |ni nydfe hadzaeie| |ni ie|rizrieiyr rixzih|cigs cx ce|iriece` lcrih|gs bsgifrece` orad |ni i|ircefrcfex– fexpirx%




Haehgyxcaex fel Rihaddielf|caex

\igidilchcei cx |alfs f rifg az|cae |a fllrixx lcooirie| eiilx fel zrabgidx ofhil bs ziazgi ceryrfg haddyec|cix% Eiir|nigixx c|x fzzgchf|cae nfx |a bi pigg x|ylcil fel parkil ay| ce arliroar c| |a bi xyhhixxoyg% Xyhn cx |ni hfxi ao \igidilchcei ligciril bs dabcgi znaeix |a fllrixx

|ni zrabgidx |nf| xniznirlx ofhi |alfs ce nifg|nhfri oar xniiz% \ni harrih| haeirìehi ao |ni|ihneaga`s fel c|x dilchfg fzzgchf|cae |a ofhi |nixi cxxyix pcgg rixyg| ce c|x flivyf|i fzzgchf|caefel |nyx c|x xyhhixx%

\ni bgiel fhhadzgcxnil bs hadce` yz pc|n f |ihneaga`chfg xsx|id |nf| cx fbgi |a fllrixx |ninifg|nhfri zrabgidx xniznirlx ofhi pnie rfrce` |nicr xniiz dfkix c| zaxxcbgi oar xniznirlx|a fhhixx nifg|nhfri ae |pa cdzar|fe| orae|x= zriie|cae fel lcfèaxcx!|rif|die|%

\ni xsx|id ìeirf|ix f xniznirl ei|park |nf| cehrifxix |ni zaxc|ci fxzih|x ao zriie|cidilchcei fel dfefìx |a |fki flfe|fì ao |ni xnfri ao ceoardf|cae bi|piie lcooirie|xniznirlx%

\ni |ihneaga`chfg oif|yrix dfki c| zaxxcbgi oar |ni xsx|id |a iagi ce|a f dari xazncx|chf|ilaei dfkce` c| dari ioochcie| fx ceoardf|cae cx i~hnfeìl fel |ni lf|f bfxi `rapx%

\ni |ihneaga`s fggapx |ni xsx|id |a `rap rifggs ifxcgs fel dfkix c| zaxxcbgi |a ceharzarf|ia|nir xirchix ce|a |ni zgf|oard dfkce` c| dari f||rfh|ci .i~% dfrki| zrchix#%

C| cx rihaddielil |nf| |ni xsx|id ceharzarf|ix fx dyhn fx zaxxcbgi |ni xniznirlx¼ ea|cae felcxcae ae nifg|nhfri xa |nf| c| bihadix dari fhhiz|fbgi |a yxirx% \ncx cehgylix f hyg|yrfgxiexc|ci fzzrafhn |fkix xzihcfg ce|irix| ae |nicr haehiz|cae ao |ni zrabgid fel ae |nicrrix|rch|caex .i~% cggc|irfhs#%




Ae |ni a|nir nfel |ni vyfe|c|f|ci fxxixxdie| ao kis lrcirx ao hax|x fel bieioc|x haehirexpc|n i~zrixxce` fxxahcf|il hax|x fel bieioc|x ce daei|frs |irdx% Ihaeadch fgyi cx fxxcèil|a ifhn hax| fel bieioc|% Ri|yrex pcgg bi li|irdceil bs xyb|rfh|ce` |ni hax|x orad |ni bieioc|x%Zaxc|ci ri|yrex hfe celchf|i |nf| |ni zramih| cx ihaeadchfggs oifxcbgi% Hadzfrf|ci fxxixxdie|bi|piie bfxigcei sifr fel sifr pc|n ce|irie|cae pcgg fgxa bi dfli |a fxhir|fce |ni `fcebray`n| fbay| bs |ni zramih|%

Hax| Ofh|arx

Ihaeadch hax|x piri i~|iexcigs dfzzil oar fgg x|fìx ao xniiz kiizce` fel zracxcae aoi|ircefrs xirchix% \ihneaga`chfg hax|x fri ea| ofh|aril ce bihfyxi liigazdie| hax|x hfeea|bi gcekil |a |igidilchcei% Liigazdie| ao |ni nfrlpfri fel xao|pfri nfx biie hairil bs |nifzzgchf|cae ao |ni lf|f dygi ae f`rchyg|yri6%

Bfxil ae xiirfg ce|ircipx |ni oaggapce` piri clie|cocil |a bi rigife| hax| ofh|arx=

f% Nifg|n dfce|iefehi hax|x% Xcehi fgdax| <:) ao |ni zazygf|cae ce \ydyk lcx|rch|lizielx ae |ni gcix|ahk celyx|rs |ni zrifgiehi ao lcxifxix zaxix f xircayx |nrif| |a|ni zralyh|cc|s zraoc|fbcgc|s fel xyx|fcefbcgc|s ao |ni celyx|rs% Fx f rixyg| ao frcayxielidch xniiz lcxifxix ce Celcf |niri cx f nc`n hax| oar dfce|fcece` f nifg|ns nirl aoxniiz% \ni dfmar lrcirx ao nifg|n dfce|iefehi hax|x fri fhhcef|cae dilchceix feli|ircefrcfe haexyg|f|cae%

Nyì ceix|die| cx dfli ae fhhcef|caex bs |ni àiredie| |a zra|ih| |ncx ygeirfbgixih|ar% Pncgi |ni àiredie| zraclix orii fhhcef|cae oar I\ NX fel ZZR hairfì cxx|cgg gap pc|n aegs ?9) ao xniiz zazygf|cae fhhcef|il apce` |a gfhk ao ce|irix| felfpfrieixx fdae` xniznirlx% Ce |ni hfxi ao xniiz za~ c| nfx biie abxiril |nf| gapfhhcef|cae hairfì ce 63>> dfs bi fxxahcf|il pc|n ay|brifkx ce 63>3 .Bnfeyzrfkfxni| fg% 2::9#% Xcdcgfrgs |nis fri oayel |a bys fhhceix ae |nicr ape i~ziexi% Fhharlce`|a |ni ce|ircip pc|n f znfrdfhcx| |ni dax| haddaegs ffcgil fhhcef|cae cx ae I\pnchn fdaye|x |a 2:: Rx oar 9:$6:: laxix% Pc|n |igidilchcei firfì fhhcei hax|xfri i~zih|il |a cehrifxi lyi |a nc`nir ffcgdie| ao |ni fhhceix% \ncx cx f zaxc|ciliigazdie| oar `rif|ir lcxifxi zriie|cae fel hae|rag%

Oar hyrf|ci |rif|die| orii dilchceix fri ffcgfbgi orad |ni lcxziexfrs% Napiir lyi|a gcdc|il x|ahk ao orii dilchceix xniznirlx yxyfggs rixar| |a bysce` |nicr apedilchceix fx zrixhrcbil bs |ni i|ircefrcfe% \ncx cx xyxhiz|cbgi |a gixx hax| ioochcie|zrfh|chix xyhn fx bysce` dilchceix |a |rif| lcxifxix lcooirie| orad pnf| pfx arc`cefggszrixhrcbil% Gaakce` f| |ni iooih| ao |igidilchcei f dari fhhyrf|i lcfèaxcx felli|irdcef|cae ao fzzrazrcf|i dilchcei paygl lrci lape dilchfg hax|x% F| |ni xfdi|cdi c| haygl lrci c| yz xcehi xniznirlx dfs bi`ce |a bys dari fel i~ziexcidilchceix%

Haexyg|f|cae pc|n i|ircefrcfe fgxa fhhaye|x oar f xcècochfe| zfr| ao nifg|n dfce|iefehi%@airedie| i|ircefrcfex aooir orii xirchix by| i~zih| zfsdie| oar ofrd cxc|x% @ace`|a |ni ofrd ar `rf}ce` frif haygl ie|fcg f zfsdie| ao fe firfì ao 69: Rx fel haygl bifx orivyie| fx |nrii .8# |cdix f sifr% Napiir dabcgi fhhixx |a |ni i|ircefrcfe dfsgixxie |ni eydbir ao cxc|x%

6 Oar f xcdcgfr hfxi ae nydfe |igidilchcei fel |igilirdf|aga`s xii .Pnc|il' 2:6:#%




X|ylcix x|rae`gs xy`ìx| |nf| rilyh|cae ce lcxifxi cehcliehi xyhn fx oaa|ra| fel @Czfrfxc|ix hfyxix f zrazar|caefg rilyh|cae ce |ni zriie|ci fel hyrf|ci hax|x .Eciypnao/ Bcxnaz 2::9#% Ce fllc|cae |ni rilyh|cae ce nifg|n dfce|iefehi hax|x cx fxxahcf|ilpc|n cdzraidie| ce i|ircefrcfe ioochciehs fel zralyh|cc|s% Xniznirlx dfs fh|cigsxiik fhhcef|caex zradz|ce` |ni rilyh|cae oar laar$|a$laar hfdzfcèx% \igidilchcei

dfs fgxa lcdcecxn |ni lidfel oar ofrd cxc|x fggapce` oar `rif|ir ffcgfbcgc|s ao |nii|ircefrcfe ce |ni lcxziexfrs%

b% \rfexzar|f|cae hax|x% Ce arlir |a fhhixx |ni xirchix ao |ni i|ircefrcfe xniznirlx aoHK Zyrf eiil |a à |a |ni |ape% \rfexzar|f|cae hax|x oar fhhixx |a f i|ircefrcfe cxivycfgie| |a 0 Rx zir |rcz% Haexyg|f|cae cf lf|f dygi rilyhix |ni eiil |a |rfig |alcxziexfrs pnchn lrcix lape |rfexzar|f|cae hax|x% \ni lihrifxi cx i~zih|il |a bifrayel 9:) ao |ni df~cdyd ? cxc|x zir sifr%

h% \igihaddyechf|cae hax|x % Xniznirlx fri ea| fe i~idz|cae ce |ni zirfxcieixx aodabcgi znaeix ce Celcf% \nis iie yxi c| |a haexyg| |ni i|ircefrcfe fel fxk oarzrixhrcz|caex% Xniiz$nifg|n rigf|il haddyechf|cae hax| cx fxxydil |a fhhaye| oar 2:)

ao |a|fg haddyechf|cae hax|x xcehi c| cx |nicr dfce xayrhi ao gcce`% Aehi `rfe|il fhhixx|a |igidilchcei |ni xniznirl hfe xfi ae |nixi haddyechf|caex hax|x oar hfggce` |nii|ircefrcfe%

l% Hax| ao rifrce` f xniiz %Fxxydce` |nf| fgg xniiz fri bay`n| orad |ni dfrki| cec|cfg ceix|die| hax| xnaygl bi fece|i`rfg zfr| ao ihaeadch fgyf|cae% Bfxil ae rf|nir haeogch|ce` ceoardf|cae c| pfxli|irdceil |nf| hfzc|fg hax| oar xniiz cx frayel 2::: Rx% Xcdcgfrgs daeis xzie| oaroallir ao gfdbx cx ix|cdf|il |a bi 2::::$29::: oar >: gfdbx ar 862%9 Rx% \nixi hax|xfri i~zih|il ea| |a hnfeì pc|n |igidilchcei%

i% Cexyrfehi hax| %

Cexyrfehi oardx f xagcl xfoi|s ei| oar |ni xniznirlx ce hfxi ao ef|yrfg fel fhhclie|fglif|nx ao |ni xniiz% F| zrixie| feeyfg cexyrfehi hax|x Rx 6: zir xniiz pc|n 6:)hairfì ao xniiz zazygf|cae% Lyi |a i~zih|il lihrifxi ce dar|fgc|s fel darbclc|sfdae` xniiz zrchi ao cexyrfehi cx i~zih|il |a lihrifxi%

o% Hax| ao ziazgi ce|iredie|x % C| cx fgxa cdzar|fe| |a haexclir |ni zaxxcbgi fecdfg |a nydfe|rfexdcxxcae ao lcxifxix fel c|x fxxahcf|il hax|x% Bryhiggaxcx cx aei ao xyhn|rfexdc||fbgi lcxifxix fel nfx biie abxiril |a hax| 6::: Rx oar |pa dae|nx% Co|igidilchcei iexyrix bi||ir hae|rag ao ceoih|cayx lcxifxix |nie |niri paygl bi gixxfecdfg$nydfe |rfexdcxxcae fel rilyh|cae ce naxzc|fg hax|x%

`% Azzar|yec|s hax|x % Fdae` |ni dax| cdzar|fe| azzar|yec|s hax|x fri |ni |cdi xzie| fpfs

orad |ni ofrd |a à |a |ni i|ircefrcfe fel ce |ni naxzc|fg% Haexyg|f|cae cf lf|f dygirilyhix |ni eiil |a |rfig |a lcxziexfrs% \cdi xzie| àce` |a i|ircefrcfe paygl birilyhil% Napiir pni|nir |cdi xfil pcgg bi yxil oar zralyh|ci zyrzaxix cx yehgifr%Rilyh|cae ce nydfe ceoih|cae orad xniiz lcxifxix hfe fgxa bi f||rcby|il |a gixxirzircal ao naxzc|fgc}f|cae%

n% Gaxx lyi |a prae` dilchf|cae % Fg|nay`n rigf|cigs lcoochyg| |a vyfe|cos gaxxix lyi |afldcecx|rf|cae ao prae` dilchf|cae ar ligfsil |rif|die| xnaygl fgxa bi fhhaye|il oar% C|cx cdzar|fe| |a haexclir |ncx ceoardf|cae `cie c|x za|ie|cfg cdzfh| ae |ni nirl xyhn fx




ceoih|cae fel iie lif|n% Dari fhhyrf|i lcfèaxcx fel clie|cochf|cae ao |ni harrih|dilchcei giflx |a f `fce ce zralyh|ci |cdi ao |ni xniznirlx% C| fgxa rilyhix |ni rcxk aoxzrifl ao ceoih|cae lyi |a |cdigs fzzgchf|cae ao |ni harrih| dilchcei%

c% Gaxx ce dfrki| fgyi % Pncgi 2:) ao |ni nirl fri ix|cdf|il |a lci orad lcxifxix |niri cxf bc`ìr zirhie|fì ao xniiz |nf| ì| xchk fel xyrci% Oar i~fdzgi hfxi of|fgc|s rf|i

oar ZZR nfx biie ea|il |a bi 6::) pc|n f nc`n darbclc|s rf|i ao 6::) oar xircayxay|brifkx .Ef`frfmf 2:62#% Ce \fdcg Efly oar i~fdzgi xniiz za~ hae|rcby|i |a 2?) |a80) xnfri ce |a|fg gaxx .Xie|ncgkydfr / \ncryefykkfrfxy 2:6:#% \ni iooih|x ao lcxifxi|a |ni xyrcce` xniiz cehgylce` hnfeì ce fzzifrfehi ao |ni fecdfg gapir |ni xniizdfrki| zrchi ixzihcfggs oar ZZR .\nadbfri / Xcenf 2::3#% Zriie|ce` gaxx ce pic`n|fel fzzifrfehi ao |ni xniiz bs |cdigs ce|irie|cae ri|fcex |ni oygg zralyh|ci fgyi ao|ni xniiz%

m% Hax| ao fbar|cae % Fbar|cae cx pclixzrifl ce |ni x|f|i ao Kfref|fkf% C| hfyxix nyìihaeadch gaxx by| lcfèaxcx cx lcoochyg| bihfyxi xzihcoch hfyxf|ci fìe|x dyx| biix|fbgcxnil% \ni oaggapce` fri |ni haddae hfyxix ao fbar|cae=

Bryhiggaxcx

Ie}aa|ch .Hngfdslcfg# fbar|cae .E Celcf# Xfgdaeiggf

Giz|axzcraxcx

Gcx|ircaxcx

\a~azgfxdaxcx .Ef`frfmf 2:62#

@cie |ncx pcli rfeì ao hfyxf|ci fìe|x f dari |frì|il yxi ao dilchceix oyeh|caefgifrgs pfrece` xsx|id fel dari fhhyrf|i li|irdcef|cae ao lcxifxix paygl fggap oar frilyh|cae ce ihaeadch gaxxix%

Ce xyddfrs |igidilchcei cx i~zih|il |a lrci lape xiirfg hax| ofh|arx zfr|chygfrgs |naxirigf|ce` |a fhhixx |a i|ircefrs xirchix% Ihaeadch gaxxix ce |irdx fri xiie |a lihgcei fx frixyg| ao |igidilchcei by| cdzfh| cx ic|nir ei`gc`cbgi ar lcoochyg| |a vyfe|cos% Aei cdzar|fe|abxirf|cae |a ea|i cx |nf| nifg|n dfce|iefehi hax| cx i~zih|il |a rcxi lyi |a nc`nir ffcgdie|ao fhhceix fel dilchceix%

Bieioc| Ofh|arx

Kis lrcirx ao ihaeadch bieioc|x fri riieyi orad xiggce` |ni xniiz fel dfeyri fx pigg fxxniznirl pigg$bice`%

f% Riieyi orad xiggce` xniiz % F xniznirl–x dfce xayrhi ao cehadi cx xiggce` xniiz |nisrfcxi% Xcehi azie `rf}ce` cx zrfh|chil xniiz kiizce` nfx biie nc`ngs zraoc|fbgi lyi |a

gap hfzc|fg fel azirf|ce` hax|x% Lizielce` ae |ni ìelir fel fì ao |ni xniiz dfrki|zrchix paygl rfeì orad Rx 2::: |a 9:::% \ncx fggapx oar fe iooih|ci hfghygf|cae aoihaeadch fgyi ao ifhn xniiz oar xc|yf|cae pc|n fel pc|nay| |igidilchcei% Fxxydce` |nf|fgg xniiz ce f nirl ao 6>: pcgg bi xagl f rilyh|cae ae |ni xniiz–x dar|fgc|s fel darbclc|spcgg rixyg| ce nc`nir riieyix fel xybxivyie| zraoc| oar |ni xniznirlx%

b% Riieyi orad xiggce` dfeyri % \ni dc`rf|cae ao xniznirlx |a a|nir frifx |a `rf}ieihixxc|f|ix àce` |nray`n zrcf|i gfelx% \ncx nfx |yreil ce|a fe fllc|caefg xayrhi aocehadi oar |ni xniznirlx% Gfelapeirx bys |ni xniiz–x dfeyri oar oir|cgc}ir% Feeyfg



Oifxcbcgc|s X|yls ae |ni Yxi ao \igidilchcei oar Gcvix|ahk 2?

riieyi orad xiggce` xniiz dfeyri cx ix|cdf|il |a bi f| 2:::: |a 29::: Rx% \nifdaye| cx fgrifls ivycfgie| |a zraoc|x oar |ni xniznirl xcehi ea hax| cx fxxahcf|il pc|nzralyhce` |ni dfeyri%

h% Xniznirl pigg$bice` % Xniiz kiizce` cx ea| myx| f xayrhi ao gcigcnaal oar |ni xniznirlx%F |rcz |a |ni xniznirl cggfì riifgil |ni xahcfg fel hyg|yrfg fgyi `cie |a |ni xniiz%

Ceic|fbgs |ni xniznirl oard ida|caefg f||fhndie|x |a |ni xniiz fel gfdbx% Fes oardao cdzraidie| ce dar|fgc|s fel darbclc|s ao xniiz rigciix |iexcae fel x|rixx ao |nixniznirl% Rilyh|cae ce x|rixx cx i~zih|il |a hae|rcby|i |a xniznirl pigg$bice` felnfzzceixx% Fg|nay`n |ncx cx f irs hrc|chfg bieioc| celchf|arx oar nfzzceixx fel pigg$bice`cx lcoochyg| |a vyfe|cos%

Iclie|gs xniiz kiizce` haexcx|ie|gs sciglx zaxc|ci ihaeadch ri|yrex oar |ni xniznirlx% Dari|nfe lrcce` |ni hax|x lape |igidilchcei cx iecxcaeil |a baax| |ni bieioc|x f ea|hn nc`nir%Celcrih| bieioc| fgxa cehgylix zaxc|ci cdzfh| ae |ni xyzzgs ao xniiz dif| fel a|nirhaddalc|cix gcki paag% \ncx cx cdzar|fe| `cie |ni `rapce` lidfel oar dif| ce Celcf%

Fllc|caefggs' f xagcl zgf|oard oar xnfrce` àal zrfh|chix fdae` xniznirlx fgxa aooir f „dyg|czgcir

iooih|– ce zriie|ce` fel |rif|ce` lcxifxix% Xniznirlx bycgl ae ifhn a|nir–x i~zirciehix oax|irce` f hyg|yri ao azieeixx fel hae|ceyayx cdzraidie| fdae` |ni xniznirlx% \nixiiooih|x xiri fx |ni hrc|chfg „xao|– igidie|x ce bycglce` fe iooih|ci xsx|id ao lcxifxi zriie|caefel hae|rag%

Dariair |ni lf|f dygi pcgg fggap oar hfz|yri ao fhhyrf|i fel rigcfbgi lf|f fbay| lcxifxizf||irex fel |rielx% Rigcfbgi lf|f idzapirx ceoardil lihcxcaex orad fgg fh|arx dax| ixzihcfggs|ni àiredie|%

\a oyr|nir bycgl |ni ihaeadch xiexi oar |igidilchcei ihaeadch hfghygf|caex ao kis hax| felbieioc| lrcirx pcgg bi dfli ae |ni oaggapce` xih|cae%

\ni Dalig

Fo|ir xyhhixxoyg clie|cochf|cae fel xc|yf|ce` ao |ni frcfbgix f hax|$bieioc| fefgsxcx nfx biieyelir|fkie pc|n f xfdzgi `rayz% Hax|x fel bieioc|x ao rfcxce` xniiz yelir |ni hyrrie| xc|yf|cae.S:# piri hadzfril pc|n hax|x fel bieioc|x i~zih|il fo|ir ce|ralyh|cae ao \igidilchcei .S6#%\ni fcd ao |ni hfghygf|cae pfx |a haeorae| |ni |niari|chfg dalig pc|n idzcrchfg lf|f |nf| nfxbiie haggih|il ce ce|ircipx pc|n xniznirlx i|ircefrcfex àiredie| aoochcfgx fel |nray`ngc|irf|yri ricip% Pniri lf|f pfx cehadzgi|i hae|rflch|ars ar ea| ffcgfbgi lyi |a gcdc|ilrixifrhn |cdi fxxydz|caex nfi biie dfli% \ni hfghygf|caex lf|f xayrhi fel fxxydz|caexdfli fri lcxhgaxil ce li|fcg nirifo|ir ce arlir |a fggap |ni riflir |a yelirx|fel fel hnfggieì|ni ocelce`x fel!ar riflmyx| |ni hfghygf|caex% \ni hfghygf|cae fggapx zy||ce` |ni lcooirie|frcfbgix ce|a rigf|cae fel hadce` yz pc|n zrigcdcefrs ocelce`x ae pni|nir c| paygl zfs aoo oar f

xniznirl |a ie`fì ce |igidilchcei orad fe ihaeadch zace| ao cip%

\a xigih| f xfdzgi ogahk frcayx ce|ircipx pc|n lcooirie| xniznirlx nfi biie nigl ye|cgclie|cosce` f xniznirl |nf| pfx fbgi |a zracli rigcfbgi ceoardf|cae ae c|x nifrl% \ni xfdzgi`rayz hnaxie oar |ncx hfghygf|cae cx hadzaxil ao 6:: xniiz fel >: gfdbx |nf| fri nagl bs f|rflc|caefg xniznirl .nirifo|ir |ni xniznirl# ce |ni ri`cae ao HK Zyrf% \a fggap oar hadzfrcxaehax|x fel bieioc|x nfi fgg biie brakie lape |a hax|x ce Ryzcix .Rx# zir xniiz zir sifr.zxzs#%



Oifxcbcgc|s X|yls ae |ni Yxi ao \igidilchcei oar Gcvix|ahk 2>

fri f||rcby|il |a |ni hax| ao hyrf|ci dilchceix .6:>%9 Rx zxzs ce S:#% C| cx fxxydil |nf||ni dari |frì|il yxi ao dilchceix oar hyrf|ci zyrzaxix fel rixyg|ce` xfce`x frifhhadzfecil bs f dari orivyie| yxi ao dilchceix lyi |a |ni bi||ir ffcgfbcgc|s ao flchice S6% Ce |a|fg nifg|n hax|x fri aegs xgc`n|gs cehrifxce` orad 629 Rx zir xniiz zir sifr.zxzs# ce S: |a 623%9 zxzs ce S6%

b% \rfexzar|f|cae Hax|x % Fhharlce` |a |ni ceoardf|cae zraclil bs |ni xniznirl ni |rfigilxc~ |cdix |a |ni hgcech ce S:% \ni ri|yre ofri fdaye|x |a 6< Rx oar f |rcz orad HK Zyrf |aZfkf% \nyx |ni |rfig hax|x fdaye| |a >< Rx .6< ~ ?# ar :%9 Rx zxzs .><!6>:#%Haexyg|f|cae cf lf|f dygi pcgg rilyhi |ni eiil |a |rfig |a |ni hgcech bihfyxi |nixniznirl ì|x |ni lcfèaxcx orad |ni dygi% Ni pcgg bi fbgi |a |rif| lcxifxix bs f dariioochcie| yxi ao c|x dilchfg kc|% Napiir |ni xniznirl x|cgg eiilx |a |rfig |a |nilcxziexfrs |a bys dilchceix pnchn ni laix ea| nfi ce ncx x|ahk% Dfkce` az|cdfg yxi ao|igidilchcei |ni rilyh|cae ce |rfig ce S6 cx fxxydil |a fdaye| |a f 9:) rilyh|cae ao|rfigx |a |ni hgcech!lcxziexfrs rixyg|ce` ce |rfig hax|x zxzs ao :%29Rx% @cie |ni gaporfh|cae |nf| |rfig hax|x zxzs rizrixie| ce airfgg hax|x iie pc|n fe fxxydilcdzar|fe| rilyh|cae ao |rfigx bs 9:) |ni hax|$rilyh|cae bs ce|ralyhce` |igidilchceiridfcex ei`gc`cbgi%

h% \igihaddyechf|cae Hax|x% Fhharlce` |a |ni ceoardf|cae zraclil bs |ni xniznirl|igihaddyechf|cae hax|x fdaye| |a 2<:: Rx zir sifr ce S:% \fgkx pc|n |ni xniznirlhaddyec|s haeocrdil |nf| dabcgi haddyechf|cae cx yxil oar lcooirie| zyrzaxix pniriaonifg|n$rigf|il haddyechf|cae .hfggce` |ni lah|ar# fdaye|x |a f xdfggir zfr| ao |a|fghaddyechf|cae aegs% \nyx c| cx fxxydil |nf| nifg|n$rigf|il haddyechf|cae hax|x ce S:fdaye| |a 2:) ao |a|fg haddyechf|cae hax|x .2<::~:%2!6>: 4 2%9 Rx zxzs#% C| cxfxxydil |nf| |ni ce|ralyh|cae ao |igidilchcei giflx |a f 9:) rilyh|cae ao nifg|n$rigf|ilhaddyechf|cae hax|x ce S6% \nyx nifg|n$rigf|il haddyechf|cae hax|x zxzs ce S6fdaye| |a 6%29 Rx%

Co |ni xniznirl–x hyrrie| dabcgi znaei AX laix ea| rye |ni |igidilchcei fzzgchf|cae' ni

pcgg bi rivycril |a bys f eip |igiznaei |a rye |ni |igidilchcei fzzgchf|cae% Ce |ncx hfxincx |igihaddyechf|cae hax|x pcgg xcècochfe|gs cehrifxi ce S6% CCXh x|foo haeocrdil |nf| fxcdzgi dabcgi znaei cx xyoochcie| |a rye |ni fzzgchf|cae fel hfe bi zyrhnfxil oarfzzra~cdf|igs 2:–::: Rx% Hax|x zxzs paygl cehrifxi orad 2%9 Rx zxzs ce S: |a 662%9 Rxzxzs ce S6 ..2:–::: + 2<:#!6>:#% Ce haehgyxcae' |ni rilyh|cae ao |igihaddyechf|cae$hax|xfx f rixyg| ao ce|ralyhce` |igidilchcei cx ei`gc`cbgi% Co f eip dabcgi lichi cx rivycril |arye |ni fzzgchf|cae hax|x ce S6 pcgg xcècochfe|gs cehrifxi% Ce |ni hfghygf|cae c| nfx biiefxxydil |nf| f eip lichi cx ea| rivycril bihfyxi fe fzzgchf|cae |nf| ryex ae |ni dax|haddae AX nfx biie liigazil%

l% Hax|x ao Rfcxce` f Xniiz% C| cx fxxydil |nf| 09) ao |ni xniiz fri bay`n| orad ay|xclifel 29) fri rfcxil ay| ao |ni zrazir ogahk .bcr|nx#% Fhharlce` |a lcooirie| xayrhix ao

ceoardf|cae |ni firfì zrchi ao fhvycrce` f gfdb cx 2::: Rx% Fxxydce` |nf| iirs a|nirxniiz nfx |a bi bay`n| |ni firfì hfzc|fg hax| zir xniiz cx 6::: Rx% \ni ofrdir bysxfllc|caefg oallir oar |ni xdfgg gfdbx ce |ni fdaye| ao 29–::: Rx zir sifr ar 683 Rxzxzs% \ni ce|ralyh|cae ao |igidilchcei ce S6 pcgg ea| nfi fe iooih| ae |ni hax|x aorfcxce` f xniiz bihfyxi hfzc|fg hax|x fel oallir nfi |a bi zfcl oar iie co |ni xniizì|x xchk fel lcix% \ni xfce` ao oallir lyi |a ifrgs lif|n ao |ni xniiz nfx biieei`gih|il%




\a|fg Ihaeadch Bieioc|x=

f% Riieyi orad xiggce` f xniiz% Lcooirie| ce|ircipx pc|n xniznirlx fel |rflirx ae |nidfrki| zraclil li|fcgil oc`yrix ae dfrki| zrchix% F xniiz ce |ni fì ao ?$0 dae|nx cxxagl f| fzzra~% 9::: Rx f gfdb ao 8$< dae|nx f| fzzra~% 2::: Rx% Fzzgsce` |nixi

zrchix |a |ni xfdzgi ogahk fggapx |a hfghygf|i fe firfì ihaeadch fgyi ao aei xniiz..9::: ~ 6:: + 2::: ~ >:#!6>: 4 80::#% Fhharlce` |a |ni xniznirl frayel 2:) ao ncxogahk lcix zir sifr% \ncx nc`n dar|fgc|s rf|i ce xniiz nfx biie haeocrdil bs f rihie|x|yls yelir|fkie ae Xdfgg Rydcefe| Rifrce` ce |ni haehireil ri`cae% Lyi |a |nixixniiz gaxxix |ni ihaeadch fgyi ao aei xyrcce` xniiz cx oyr|nir rilyhil |a 23?: Rx.80:: ~ :%># ce S:%

Pc|n |ni ce|ralyh|cae ao |igidilchcei ce S6 |ni dar|fgc|s fel darbclc|s fdae` xniiz cxàce` |a lihrifxi lyi |a bi||ir fhhixx fel vyfgc|s cdzraidie|x ce zriie|ci felhyrf|ci nifg|n hfri% Ea hadzfrfbgi x|ylcix piri clie|cocil |nf| rigf|i ce|ralyh|cae ao|igidilchcei |a dar|fgc|s rf|i pnirioari fe fxxydz|cae ae |ni zaxxcbgi rilyh|cae nfl |abi dfli% C| cx fxxydil |nf| |ni dar|fgc|s rf|i hfe bi rilyhil orad hyrrie|gs 2:) ce S:

|a 6:) ce S6% Fx f rixyg| |ni ihaeadch fgyi ao f xyrcce` xniiz pcgg cehrifxi |a 888:.80:: ^ :%3# Oyr|nir rixifrhn cx rivycril |a dfki f dari xagcl fxxydz|cae ae |nirigf|cae bi|piie fhhixx |a nifg|nhfri .|igidilchcei# fel darbclc|s!dar|fgc|s rf|i%

b% Riieyi orad dfeyri= Fhharlce` |a ceoardf|cae zraclil bs |ni xniznirl ni ifrexfbay| 29–::: Rx!sifr bs xiggce` dfeyri orad ncx nirl% Fxxydce` |nf| aegs |ni xyrcce`>:) ao xniiz zralyhi dfeyri |ni riieyi orad dfeyri fdaye| |a 608 Rx zxzs.29–:::!.6>: ~ :%>## ce S:% Lihrifxce` |ni dar|fgc|s rf|i bs 6:) ce S6 paygl gifl |a fecehrifxil zralyh|cae ao dfeyri fel |nyx cehrifxil cehadi% Co pc|n >:) ao |ni ogahk |niriieyi zxzs pfx f| 608 Rx ce S: pc|n 3:) ao |ni ogahk |ni riieyi paygl cehrifxi |a639 Rx zir xniiz ce S6%

Haehgyxcaex

\ni hax|$bieioc| fefgsxcx giflx |a |ni oaggapce` haehgyxcaex=

Nifg|n |rfexzar|f|cae fel |igihaddyechf|cae hax|x rizrixie| aegs f xdfgg zar|cae ao |ni|a|fg hax|x .9)# cehyrril bs f xniznirl oar rfcxce` f xniiz% Rilyhce` xniznirlx nifg|n$rigf|il hax|x cx |nirioari f rf|nir pifk fr`ydie| oar ce|ralyhce` |igidilchcei |a ryrfgfrifx% Ce a|nir parlx c| pcgg bi lcoochyg| |a haecehi xniznirlx |a ie`fì ce |igidilchcei|a rilyhi |nicr nifg|n$rigf|il hax|x%

Dfrki| zrchix fri xcècochfe|gs fbai |ni hax|x ao zralyh|cae% Xniznirlx fri ì||ce` fnc`n zraoc|% \niri cx fe cdzar|fe| ihaeadch gaxx fxxahcf|il pc|n |ni nc`n dar|fgc|s rf|i ao

xniiz% Lyi |a nc`n zraoc| dfr`cex |ni lidfel$igfx|chc|s oar i| xirchix cx nc`n% \ni nc`nir |ni

lihrifxi ce |ni dar|fgc|s rf|i |ni dari zapiroyg |ni cehie|ci oar |ni ofrdir |a ie`fì ce|igidilchcei%

Ce haehgyxcae orad |ni ofrdirx– zace| ao vcip' |igidilchcei cx ihaeadchfggs vcfbgiaegs co c| rilyhix |ni dar|fgc|s rf|i ao xniiz%




_C% OCEFEHCFG OIFXCBCGC\S

\ni ocefehcfg oifxcbcgc|s fefgsxcx fcdx |a li|irdcei |ni haddirhcfg cfbcgc|s ao |ni |igidilchceiorad |ni zace| ao cip ao fe ie|rizrieiyr% C| i~fdceix ocefehcfg hax| ofh|arx fel xayrhix ao

riieyi ce li|irdcece` |ni dcecdyd xybxhrcbir oii% \ncx |fkix ce|a fhhaye| |ni fxxydz|cae aorifhnce` brifk$iie fo|ir oci sifrx%

Ocefehcfg Hax|x

f% Hfzc|fg hax|x% Ix|fbgcxnce` f byxceixx oar |igidilchcei oar gcix|ahk rivycrix feceix|die| ao Rx 62?963% \ni |a|fg hfzc|fg hax|x hfe bi brakie lape fx oaggapx=

Lf|f dygi cehgylix |ni nfrlpfri oar |rfexdc||ce` ceoardf|cae% \ni liigazdie| ao|ni xao|pfri cx fxxydil |a bi orii fel zraclil |nray`n |ni cehybf|arx% \nibyxceixx x|fr|x pc|n aei lf|f dygi% Ce arlir |a i~zfel hairfì eip dygix pcgg bicex|fggil ce S8 .2 yec|x# fel S9 .6 yec|#% \ncx ie|fcgx f |a|fg hfzc|fg hax| ao Rx >:–:::oar oci sifrx%

Na| xza|x pcgg bi zra`rixxcigs zy| ce zgfhi |a hair dari xybxhrcbirx% \a|fg hax| oaroci .9# na| xza|x fdaye|x |a Rx 6:–:::%

F |a|fg ao oayr .<# bckix pcgg bi zrahyril' pnchn fdaye|x |a Rx 2:–:::%

b% Azirf|ce` hax|% \ni azirf|ce` hax|x rioir |a rihyrrce` i~zielc|yrix xyhn fx xfgfrcix feldfce|iefehi% Oar oci sifrx |ni byxceixx cx i~zih|il |a cehyr f |a|fg azirf|ce` hax| aoRx 8'2??':?8 pnchn hfe bi lcclil ce|a |ni oaggapce` c|idx=

Oar |ni zrazir dfefìdie| fel fldcecx|rf|cae ao |ni byxceixx oayr x|foo pcgg bincril ae$hfgg bfxcx pncgi aei x|foo pcgg bi oygg$|cdi pnchn pcgg bi |ni bckir% \nii|ircefrcfe pcgg bi zfcl f ri|fceir oii ao Rx 6:–::: fel oii ao Rx 6–::: zir haexyg|f|cae% Ce |a|fg xfgfrcix paygl fdaye| |a Rx 2'38:'<<> ar 3:) ao |a|fgazirf|ce` hax| oar oci sifrx% \ncx fxxydix f 6:) cehrifxi ce xfgfrs zir sifr%

Xcehi aegs aei x|foo cx ncril oygg |cdi orceì bieioc|x paygl bi ivycfgie| |a Rx2?8'0<: oar oci sifrx% \ncx fxxydix f rf|i ao 8:) ao xfgfrs%

Dfce|iefehi hax| cehgylix rizfcr ao lf|f dygi fel a|nir ivyczdie|% \ncx cxix|cdf|il |a bi Rx ?:–::: oar oci sifrx bfxil ae |ni fxxydz|cae |nf| dfce|iefehiao aei lf|f dygi fdaye|x |a Rx 9–::: zir sifr%

Dfrki|ce` hax|x hfe fdaye| |a Rx 89'?29 oar oci .9# sifrx% Rx 9: cx |ni ix|cdf|ilhax| ao dfrki|ce` zir xybxhrcbir%

A|nir hax|x |nf| dfs bi haexcliril cehgyli ce|irix| zfsdie|x |f~ix xyzzgcix fel|rfcece` oiix%

Ocefehcfg Riieyi

f% Riieyi% \ni dfce xayrhi ao riieyi cx xybxhrcbirx oiix zfcl bs xniznirlx ix|cdf|il|a bi Rx 8'<63'369 oar oci sifrx%

\ni xybxhrcbir oii cx hadzy|il bfxil ae |ni fxxydz|cae |nf| brifk$iie zace| pcggbi rifhnil fo|ir oci sifrx% F xybxhrcbir oii ao Rx 833%33 cx hfghygf|il |a fhncii|ncx |frì| pc|n za|ie|cfg gaxxix ao Rx 2::'393 fel Rx 6:0'>92 oar S6 fel S2rixzih|cigs%

Xadi ao |ni a|nir za|ie|cfg xayrhix ao riieyi |nf| hfe bi |fzzil cehgylix=




a Xfgi ao lf|f fbay| lcxifxi zf||irex fel |rielx |a znfrdfhiy|chfg felcexyrfehi hadzfecix rixifrhn cex|c|y|cae fel |ni àiredie|;

a Riceix|die| ao zraoc|x |a a|nir ie|yrix; fela @airedie| xybxcbs oar |ni ifrgs pfrece` xsx|id hadzaeie|%

Haehgyxcaex

C| fzzifrx |nf| ocefehcfg oifxcbcgc|s cx x|rae`gs nceìl ae lrcce` lape |ni hax| ao azirf|caex%Xfgfrs ao zirxaeeig cx |ni dfce lrcir ao |ni azirf|ce` hax| hadzrcxce` 3:) ao |a|fg hax|% Co |niie|rizrieiyr hfe liigaz f dari hax|$iooih|ci azirf|ce` dalig |a|fg hax| haygl bi xcècochfe|gsrilyhil%

Ce arlir |a li|irdcei pni|nir |ni xniznirl paygl bi pcggce` |a zfs Rx833%33!dae|n |ni bieioc|ao f lihrifxil dar|fgc|s rf|i eiilx |a ay|pic`n |ni hax| ao |ni xyxhrcbir oii% \ni ihaeadch`fce xnaygl bi `rif|ir |nfe |ni feeyfg xybxhrcbir oii ao Rx <–033%>>% Pc|n fe feeyfg ihaeadchbieioc| ao Rx 6–9>6%9: zir xniiz' ce arlir oar |igidilchcei |a bi fhhiz|il bs |ni xniznirlx'

dar|fgc|s rf|i ao 2:) xnaygl bi hy| lape |a 6>)% Ce a|nir parlx ay| ao 6>: xniiz pc|n 8? lsce`lyi |a lcxifxix f| gifx| < xniiz xnaygl bi xfil bs |igidilchcei%

Xybxhrcbir oii zir sifr ≬ < - ihaeadch ri|yre zir xniiz <–033%>> ≬ < - 69>6%9

Oaggapce` |ni fxxydz|caex dfli fel naglce` |nf| xybxhrcbir oii cx fhhiz|fbgi |a |niyxirx |ni yxi ao |igidilchcei oar gcvix|ahk hfe bi ocefehcfggs oifxcbgi% Napiir c| xnayglbi yelirxharil |nf| lcooirie| az|caex xnaygl bi iecxfìl |a rilyhi |ni xybxhrcbir oii fel!arrilyhi |ni |cdi |a rifhn brifk$iie%



FEEI^

feasibility study on the use of telemedicine for livestock final

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