features of the ocean floor (bathymetry)
DESCRIPTION
Features of the Ocean Floor (Bathymetry). http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html. HMS Challenger. http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/academic/science/bjewell/ocean/hhocean/final/chall.htm. 1 st major scientific study of the oceans Determined depth by dropping a weighted line. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Features of the Ocean Floor(Bathymetry)
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html
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HMS Challenger
• http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/academic/science/bjewell/ocean/hhocean/final/chall.htm
• 1st major scientific study of the oceans •Determined depth by dropping a weighted line
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SONAR • Sound Navigation and Ranging
• Provides a quick way of looking through water to identify features in and under the water (fish, sandbars, etc.)
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P(ic)assow
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Modern Technology• Multi-beam systems
– 120 beams of echo sounders– “mowing the lawn”
• Satellite altimetry– Not measured directly– Measures changes in elevation
of water using satellites
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http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/fs172-97/mapping.html
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1. Continental Shelf– Submerged edge of
continent– Gentle slope away from
shore– Resources!
(Gas, oil, gravel, fishing!)
2. Continental Slope– Steep!– Transition from shelf to
deep ocean floor
3. Continental Rise– Medium steep...– Sediment that collects
at bottom of slope
Continental Margin
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http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/islands01/log/sep28/media/sab_habitats.html
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Submarine Canyons• Cut into continental shelf & slope!• Caused by earthquakes
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http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/deepeast01/background/dumping/media/dumping1.html
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Ocean Basin Floor1. Deep-Ocean Trenches
– Subduction zones– Super deep! (<10,000m)
2. Abyssal Plains– Flattest Places on Earth!– Covered in sediment
3. Seamounts– Submerged
volcanoes4. Guyots
– Inactive Seamounts– Flat top from wave
erosion
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http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/agu2004.html
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Ocean Ridges• Divergent plate boundary• Mountainous chain of young
volcanic rock• Site of hydrothermal vents
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Atolls• Ring-shaped islands of coral
reefs• Form on submerged inactive
volcanoes
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Research Vessels
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Meteor
http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ships/ship3023.htm
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Atlantis
www.whoi.edu
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Trieste
http://www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/vessels/submersibles4.htm
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“ALVIN”http://www.comptons.com/encyclopedia/CAPTIONS/18005895_P.html
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JOIDES Resolution
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html
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Glomar Challenger
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/glomar.html