february 11, 2011 1mini nano workshop searches for b and l violation in india utpal sarkar physical...

February 11, 2011 1Mini NANO Workshop

Searches for B and L Searches for B and L violation violation in Indiain India

Utpal SarkarUtpal Sarkar

Physical Research LaboratoryPhysical Research Laboratory

Ahmedabad, IndiaAhmedabad, India

February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 2

Prof. J.N. Prof. J.N. Goswami, Goswami,

Director, PRLDirector, PRL

Greetings on behalf of PRL, Prof. Goswami and Greetings on behalf of PRL, Prof. Goswami and myself to everyone present. Our first step would be myself to everyone present. Our first step would be to see if we can get some seed funds to look into the to see if we can get some seed funds to look into the

viability of the proposed project from technical viability of the proposed project from technical angle. angle.

In India it is still being discussed seriously only In India it is still being discussed seriously only within PRL. The coming 5 yr plan period, however, within PRL. The coming 5 yr plan period, however, provide an opportunity to make a proposal with a provide an opportunity to make a proposal with a

PRL lead and all India character, as well as PRL lead and all India character, as well as indicating possible international interest and hence indicating possible international interest and hence

this meeting has important significance.this meeting has important significance.


PHYSICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY

Research in Physical SciencesDevelopment of Infrastructure for Research

Human Resource DevelopmentScience Popularization

URL: http://www.prl.ernet.in


The Physical Research Laboratory was established by Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai

Work on cosmic rays, a prominent subject at that time, was started from the “RETREAT” in 1947.

“Countries have to provide facilities for its nationals to do front rank research within

the resources that are available. It is equally necessary having produced the men who

can do research, to organise task oriented projects for the nation’s practical

problems.”


First Ozone Measurement Station established First Ozone Measurement Station established at Mt. Abu in 1951at Mt. Abu in 1951

With rapidly expanding research activities, PRL needed its own campus.

Foundation laid by Sir C.V. Raman in 1952 in the current premises.

Inauguration of PRL Main Campus in 1954 by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.


Scientists from PRL initiated Space Science Research by contributing significantly to the scientific and

technical developments. Thus PRL became the “cradle” of Indian Space

Research Program.

Drs. Sarabhai, Kalam, Nair and others

Rocket Launched from Thumba

Balloon Launch

Aryabhatta Satellite

February 11, 2011February 11, 2011 Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 77

Scientific objective of Moon Mission is to understand the Scientific objective of Moon Mission is to understand the origin and evolutionary history of moon:origin and evolutionary history of moon:

3D topographic atlas of the Moon High resolution mineralogical and chemical mapping of polar regions Distribution of 222Rn , 210Pb, other radioactive elements and some Rare Earths

P

S

L

V

CHANDRAYANA - I

1064


A three colour composite of near-infrared reflected A three colour composite of near-infrared reflected solar radiation for the lunar nearside measured by solar radiation for the lunar nearside measured by Moon Mineral Mapper payload onboard Chandrayaan-Moon Mineral Mapper payload onboard Chandrayaan-1. Blue colour indicates 3 micrometer absorption 1. Blue colour indicates 3 micrometer absorption associated with the presence of OH/Hassociated with the presence of OH/H22O that is most O that is most

prominent at higher cooler latitudes.prominent at higher cooler latitudes.

OH

H2O


•All the administrative branches automated resulting in higher efficiency•Supporting staff reduced•Outsourcing of several services


Recently installed Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer to determine precise chronology of growth of mountains and climate markers

1111Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO WorkshopFebruary 11, 2011February 11, 2011

Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)A multinational (USA, Germany, India etc.) field

experiment conducted over the Indian Ocean to study the impact of man made pollution on the climate system.

Indian Research Vessel

Sagar Kanya

Experiments from 1996 to 1999

12Mini NANO WorkshopFebruary 11, 2011

What is the vertical extent of the pollution and the effect on ozone?

Q

To find answer we do balloon experiments from PRL.


Radio Carbon Dating

Dating of old materials, collected from different parts of India to infer the cultural evolution


Extinct Radioactivity and rare gas studies in meteorites

To decipher time scales of Early Solar System evolution and sources of noble gases. These studies use a laser ablation system and ion-probe.


Currently PRL research are carried out at four centers:

Main

Thaltej

Mt. Abu

Udaipur


Infrared Observatory (Mt. Abu)

Studies of stellar evolution, Extra-galactic Astronomy, Pulsar phenomenon, etc

Inside view of the 1.2 m telescope

Optical Polarimeter

2 m Image of Orion Nebula taken from Mt. Abu


Lidar at Mt. Abu

Measurement of temperature and Aerosol profiles

Chemical and Radioactivity measurements of environmental samples

To determine “chronology” of various earth’s surface processes and characterize source of materials. Analysis rely on AAS, ICP-AES, Carbon Analyzers, ion-chromatograph and α,β,γ spectrometers


Non-Accelerator Particle Physics Experiments


Atmospheric NeutrinosAtmospheric Neutrinos

Cosmic rays from Cosmic rays from outer space impinge outer space impinge on the atmosphere of on the atmosphere of the earth all the timethe earth all the time

They produce showers They produce showers of charged particles in of charged particles in a cascade a cascade phenomenonphenomenon

The end products of The end products of these cascades also these cascades also contain neutrinos of contain neutrinos of types types ee and and

Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 2020February 11, 2011February 11, 2011

First Detection of Atmospheric First Detection of Atmospheric Neutrinos at KGFNeutrinos at KGF

The experiments were conducted by groups from The experiments were conducted by groups from TIFRTIFR, , Durham UniversityDurham University and and Osaka UniversityOsaka University using basic trigger with using basic trigger with scintillation countersscintillation counters and and (NFT) for tracking detectors. Seven detectors (NFT) for tracking detectors. Seven detectors were deployed at a depth of 2.3 km in Heathcote were deployed at a depth of 2.3 km in Heathcote shaft and shaft and Champion ReefsChampion Reefs mines. The experiment mines. The experiment discovered the first atmospheric neutrinos in an discovered the first atmospheric neutrinos in an iron iron calorimetercalorimeter here about the same time as a here about the same time as a similar discovery in a mine in similar discovery in a mine in South AfricaSouth Africa..

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFR

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham_University

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka_University

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillation_counter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champion_Reefs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorimeter_(particle_physics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa


Proton Decay Proton Decay Experiment at KGFExperiment at KGF

Six proton decay events were reported, Six proton decay events were reported, three strong candidates with lifetime ~10three strong candidates with lifetime ~103131 yrs.yrs.

Some experimental observations, called Some experimental observations, called Kolar events,Kolar events, have yet to be explained. have yet to be explained. They suggest the existence of massive (>3 They suggest the existence of massive (>3 GeV) particles having a long life (10GeV) particles having a long life (10−9−9 secs). These massive particles are also secs). These massive particles are also seen to decay into 2–3 particles.seen to decay into 2–3 particles.


India-based Neutrino India-based Neutrino ObservatoryObservatory

50,000 ton magnetized iron 50,000 ton magnetized iron particle physics calorimeterparticle physics calorimeter with glass with glass Resistive Plate ChamberResistive Plate Chamber (RPC) technology as the (RPC) technology as the sensor elements.sensor elements.

The detector was expected to start collecting data in The detector was expected to start collecting data in the year 2012. Rescheduled to 2015.the year 2012. Rescheduled to 2015.

The location of INO has attracted a lot of attention The location of INO has attracted a lot of attention from the neutrino physics community as the distance from the neutrino physics community as the distance between INO and CERN is very close to "Magic between INO and CERN is very close to "Magic Baseline" - a distance at which the effect of the CP Baseline" - a distance at which the effect of the CP phase on the measurement of θphase on the measurement of θ1313 is minimal. is minimal.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorimeter_(particle_physics)

http://www.tifr.res.in/~rpc2007/


The Primary goals of the INOThe Primary goals of the INO : : Unambiguous and more precise Unambiguous and more precise

determination of Neutrino oscillation determination of Neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos. parameters using atmospheric neutrinos.

Study of matter effects through electric Study of matter effects through electric charge identification, that may lead to the charge identification, that may lead to the determination of the unknown sign of one of determination of the unknown sign of one of the mass differences. the mass differences.

Study of charge-conjugation and charge Study of charge-conjugation and charge parity (CP) violation in the leptonic sector as parity (CP) violation in the leptonic sector as well as possible charge-conjugation, parity, well as possible charge-conjugation, parity, time-reversal (CPT) violation studies. time-reversal (CPT) violation studies.

Study of Kolar events, possible identification Study of Kolar events, possible identification of very-high energy neutrinos and multi-of very-high energy neutrinos and multi-muon events.muon events.


Budget Estimate

• INO: Initial estimate: $100 million• Present estimate: $250 million

• NANO: $200 million with TRIGA reactor and vertical shaft at Mt Abu

• NANO: $100 million with cyclotron and ultracold neutron, provided successful R&D

• Outcome: International importance, medical applications, accelerator technology beta beam for INO and neutron facility.


Present Proposal

• Vertical Shaft at Mt. Abu, 1.2 high

• Accelerator and Lab space at lower level

• Detector near the observatory

• Phase I: accelerator facility + Lab + test facility $100 million

• Phase II: Actual expt $100 million


Alternate Possibilities

• In some abandoned mines, accelerator facility overground and detector inside

• Shaft inside sea?

• Neutron cavity of length 20m?

• Accelerator facility and neutron source is independent of these details


Applications and other usage of the facilities(?)

PETRA III, DESY

First images of proteins and viruses caught with an X-ray laser (Feb. 2011)

EDM of neutron (?)

february 11, 2011 1mini nano workshop searches for b and l violation in india utpal sarkar physical...

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