february 2 nd sign in and participation cards quick writing review covenant lecture one –...
TRANSCRIPT
February 2nd Sign in and Participation cards
Quick Writing
Review Covenant
Lecture One – Sociological Perspective and Analysis
Homework: Read: Chapter 2 of Introductions
Quick Writing
Take 5 minutes and explain the following quote:
“[Humans] make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past.” - Karl Marx
What is Sociology?
Study of Society…what does that mean?
It examines the ways in which the forms of social structure & social categories & various social institutions affect human attitudes, actions, and opportunities.
Sociology enables us to understand the structure and dynamics of society, and their intricate connections to patterns of human behavior and individual life changes.
Why Care About Understanding Society? We are products of society and society is a product
of us Understand why and how we came to be like we are
Our position within the social structure (society) determines how we will act, think, and what resources we have
Our place in society is the intersection of many social relationships Gender, race, class, age, geography, sexuality
Born the Opposite Sex?
Gender as a social position – a place in society
Constrains what we think our choices are and how others think about who we are and how we should act
Social positions come with an inherent set of advantages and disadvantages
By looking at gender we can see: How the Individual and Society are linked Gender, like other social constructions, is both a myth
and reality
What do sociologists study?
Sociologists explore how both individuals and collectivities construct, maintain, and alter social organization in various ways
Sociology asks about the sources and consequences of change in social arrangements and institutions, and about the satisfactions and difficulties of planning, accomplishing, and adapting to such change
Areas studied in examining social dynamics include: culture, socialization, cooperation, conflict, power, exchange, inequality, deviance, social control, violence, order and social change
Examining the present with the past “[Humans] make their own history, but they
do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past.” - Karl Marx
To understand the present social arrangement in society, sociologists must also look into the past
How sociologists study society Sociologists look to
explain how and why things happen. In every question a sociologist asks and every answer they give you will find an explanation of the how and why
Keep this in mind over the semester!
Critical Thinking is Required
Sociology is a critical and analytical discipline and sociological thinking is a process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating
Beliefs vs. Sociological Analysis As social beings, we see the social world through
our own lens of experience and belief system and often make judgments based on our personal beliefs
To remain objective, sociology helps us see how that lens was formed and be honest about our assumptions
What we see with sociological analyses often challenges many of our thoughts and beliefs
Come to class prepared to be exposed to alternate explanations of the world and to try and understand them
The Sociological Perspective
Sociology seeks to understand the relationship between the individual and society with:
C Wright Mills: Sociological Imagination A quality of mind that allows us to connect:
“Personal troubles of the milieu”with
“Public issues of social structure”
Examining these relationships gives us the knowledge to understand society, our place in it, and the ability to make changes
Understanding and Explaining HIV/AIDS Cultural Explanations
Virility is strongly linked to masculinity in many cultures affected by HIV/AIDS
Low status of women
Social Structure Explanations Global poverty and inequality create low immune systems Underdevelopment limits economic opportunities
Political Explanations Lack of adequate health care and access to treatment Political policies that do not address the issue
Individual Explanations Lack of education and poor choices
Social Consciousness
Another sociologist, Peter Berger, believes that we need a social consciousness or “A form of consciousness that enables us to see the "reality" behind the "facades."
He asks us to critically examine the things that are familiar to us as unfamiliar “It can be said that the first wisdom of sociology is
this – things are not what they seem.”
Practicing Social Consciousness Have you ever asked yourself: Why do
women shave their legs?
Why is it normal in our
culture for women to
shave their legs and
not men?
Asking How & Why (and when) with Social Consciousness When did this ideal emerge?
In the 20th Century when women’s legs became more visible due to shorter skirts and changing fashion
How did this ideal emerge? Needed to have the right technology to make shaving easy
and safe. The safety razor emerged on the market in early 20th Century.
Why did this ideal emerge? Anglo-American cultural standard: leg hair is unfeminine Cultural mechanism to increase sexual dimorphism
(difference between sexes in the same species)
In Conclusion…
A sociological perspective requires us to think critically and analytically about the social world around us, our place in it, our relationships to others, and our own personal beliefs and values
While sociologists study many aspects of society and social issues, the core concepts of the discipline are power, inequality, social justice, and social change