february: welcome to engla-lond

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Aaron, Tessa and Teig (The Year 1000, D. Danziger & R. Lacey, Little Brown and Company, UK, 1998) February: Welcome to Engla-lond

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February: Welcome to Engla-lond. Aaron, Tessa and Teig (The Year 1000, D. Danziger & R. Lacey , Little Brown and Company, UK, 1998). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

Aaron, Tessa and Teig(The Year 1000, D. Danziger & R. Lacey,

Little Brown and Company, UK, 1998)

February: Welcome to Engla-lond

Page 2: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

“Women who possessed sufficient strength of character were able to claim power and exercise authority in the England of the year 1000” (p. 25, Lacey and Danziger)

Page 3: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

“Beowulf was unusual for being written down, which makes it particularly precious evidence – like the Julius Work Calendar” (p. 27, Lacey and Danziger).

Page 4: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

“The sketching of this apparently routing agricultural process was heavy with meaning, since the purpose of the pruning is to direct the growth energies of a plant into the channels desired by the cultivator…demonstrating mans ability to create a profitable working partnership with God’s bushes, vines, and trees” (p. 28, Lacey and Danziger)

Page 5: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

“A tongue of extreme strength, simplicity and richness which has proved to be the primary foundation of how millions all over the globe today speak and think and frame their ideas.”(p. 28, Lacey and Danziger)

3 Tribes:• Angles• Saxons• Jutes

• These tribesman were:“warriors eager for fame” and“proud war smiths”

Page 6: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

“We shall fight on the beaches; we shall fight on the landing grounds; we shall fight in the fields and the streets; we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender” – Winston Churchill

“One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind” – Neil Armstrong

Page 7: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

• Englishmen who lived in ‘Danelaw’ with the Vikings found it, at times, hard to interact.

“By the year 1000, a hybrid language had been stirred together by the integration of the two great waves of invaders, and a common tongue existed that was at least roughly understood in every corner of the country.” (p. 34, Lacey and Danziger)

“Language helped and reflected political unification. By a canny combination of marriage alliances and battle…” (p. 34, Lacey and Danziger)

Page 8: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

St. Valentinus was a priest martyred by the Romans in the 3rd Century A.D.

•Valentines day is the only saints feast day that is celebrated all around the world.

•Very few details exist in regards to St Valentius’ life.

Page 9: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

King Alfred the Great (849-899 A.D.)

Page 10: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

1) Repelled the Vikings and saved the English language and people from destruction.

2) Made significant advancements in education.

3) Created the foundation for what Common Law is today.

Why was he so Influential?

Page 11: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond
Page 12: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

Educational Impact • Key texts translated: Latin → EnglishI. Gregory the Great’s Pastoral CareII. Boethius’s The Consolation of

PhilosophyIII. Augustine’s The SoliloquiesIV. Gregory the Great’s DialoguesV. Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the

English PeopleVI. Orosius’s History against the

PagansVII.The First Fifty Prose Psalms

“We should translate certain books which are necessary for all men to know into the language we can all understand, and also arrange it...so that all the youth of free men now among the English people...are able to read English writing as well.” – Alfred the Great

Page 13: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

Legal Reforms• ‘Doom Book’ or 'Code of Alfred’

• Laws mainly biblically based with some secular laws

• Laws made in this code still persist today

• Alfred’s successors were able to continually amend and develop this law

“No woman or maiden shall ever be forced to marry one whom she dislikes, nor be sold for money.” – Code of Alfred

“If anyone steals another's ox, and slays or sells it — let him repay twofold for what it was worth.”- Code of Alfred

Page 14: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

“With his name, England now associates her metropolis, her fleet, her literature, her laws, her first foreign relations, and her first efforts at education. Alfred is, in one sentence, the embodiment of her civilization.”

- Frederick Y. Powell

Conclusion

Page 15: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

‘What was the Anglo Saxon Chronicle and why is it such an important piece of historical evidence?’

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Page 16: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

Series of records in Old English (890 AD-1154 AD)

Detailed lives and times of English PeopleWritten in timeline formatScribes-monks

What Was It?

Page 17: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

1) Without it, there would be no record of English history from departure of Roman’s to the Norman Conquest

2) It was written in Old English as opposed to Latin

3) Shows the evolution of the English language over time

Why is it so Important?

Page 18: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

Sourced information from the Venerable Bede’s Ecclesiastical History

Contains the original and authentic testimony of contemporary writers to the most important transactions of the English forefathers

Embraced a variety of subjects pertaining to English life Included examples of poetry

“Nowhere else is a regular and chronological panorama of a people, described in rapid succession, by different writers, and through many ages, in their own vernacular language.”

–The Avalon Project, Yale Law School

Value as a Historical Text:

Page 19: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

Written in Old English as opposed to Latin (language of the day)

Very unusual King Alfred pushed revival of learning and

culture-use English as a written language

Scholarly Text: English v. Latin

Page 20: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

Shift from Old English to Middle English (around 1100 AD) Words of Kinship (German influence) : faeder, modor, brothor,

sweostor, and dohtor 25 names with their inflections like mon, men (man, men) Two demonstratives: se, seo, thaet (that) and thes, theos (this)

but there were no (‘a’ or ‘the’) articles Middle English far closer to Modern English:

Evoltuion of Language:

Page 21: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

Unique qualities + what it tells/shows us about England and the evolution of language = extremely important historical text

“Today, 9 of the manuscripts survive in whole or in part, though none of them are the

original version, nor are they all of equal historical value.”

Conclusion:

Page 22: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

2006, Early Anglo-Saxon village- artist impression, available at: http://gallery.nen.gov.uk/asset63548-.html

Tobin, Beowulf, available at: http://www.lordalford.com/oldenglish/beowulf/beowulf-tobin-1-900.jpg

Tobin, Queen Wealtheow Pledges Beowulf, available at: http://robertarood.wordpress.com/2007/11/22/beowulf-again-and-always/

11th Century, Anglo-Saxon Farming, available at: http://gallery.nen.gov.uk/asset70506-.html

Yousuf Karsh, 1941, Winston Churchill, available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winston_Churchill_1941_photo_by_Yousuf_Karsh.jpg

NASA, 1969, Moon Landing, available at: http://www.abc.nl/blog/?tag=moon-landings

British Museum, 1994, Map of Britain c890, available at: http://www.mere-wilts-heritage.info/saxon.htm

Prete M., St. Valentino, available at: http://www.pylgeralmanak.nl/?pagina_id=128

Bibliography (for the pictures)

Page 23: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

(Aaron)Barbara Yorke, 1999, Alfred the Great: The Most Perfect Man in History? Available at:

http://www.historytoday.com/barbara-yorke/alfred-great-most-perfect-man-history, Accessed 10 August 12 Britannia Historical Documents, 2006, The Peace of Wedmore, Available at: http://britannia.com/history/docs/danelaw.html,

Accessed 10 August 12 Campbell, Dr. William F., 2008, Alfred the Great: The Traditions of Western Civilization, In Louisiana State UniversityErich W Guthrie, 2000, King Alfred's Literacy Program, Available at:

http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/1001Guthrie.htm, Accessed 09 August 12 Giles, J.A., 2000, Asser Annals of the Reign of Alfred the Great, Ontario: Medieval Latin Series CambridgeHooper, Nicholas Hooper; Bennett, Matthew (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: the Middle Ages. Cambridge

University Press Kevin Knight, 2009, Alfred the Great, Available at: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01309d.htm, Accessed 11 August 12King Alfred the Great, 9th Century, Code of Alfred, EnglandM. Lapidge and M. Winterbottom, 1991, 871: "Great Heathen Army" invades Wessex Battles of Reading, Ashdown, Basing,

Meretun, Available at: http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=871-899. Accessed 10 August 12 Octavia Randolph, 1998, Your Legal Rights Under Ælfred, King of Wessex, Available at: http://www.octavia.net/text/alfredlaw.htm,

Accessed 10 August 12

Rev. Prof. Dr. F.N. Lee, 2000, KING ALFRED THE GREATAND OUR COMMON LAW, Department of Church History, Queensland Presbyterian Theological Seminary

Royal Family History, 2005, King Alfred the Great, Available at: http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=alfred. Accessed 11 August 12

  Various authors, 9th-11th Century, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, England

Bibliography:

Page 24: February:  Welcome to Engla-lond

(Tessa) Bragg, Melvyn 2004, The Adventure of English: 00 AD to 2000, The Biography of a Language, Sceptre Publishing, England

 Brepols Publishers, Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,

http://www.brepols.net/pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503523941-1, 2012 Brittania, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/asintro2.html, 2007 Carson-Newman College, Old English v. Middle English, http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/OE_vs_ME.pdf, 2003 Delahoyde, Michael, Washington State University, Anglo-Saxon Culture,

http://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/medieval/anglo-saxon.html (no date) Killings, Douglas, The Online Medieval and Classical Library, The Anglo Saxon Chronicle, http://omacl.org/Anglo/, 1996 McWhorter, John, 2008, Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue: The Untold Story of English, Gotham Publishing, United Kingdom Official Website of the British Monarchy, Alfred ‘The Great’,

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheAnglo-Saxonkings/AlfredtheGreat.aspx>, 2012 Pyles, Thomas 1964, The Origins and Development of the English Language, Harcourt, Brace and World INC, USA Saraswati, Prakashanand, The Development of the English Language,

http://www.encyclopediaofauthentichinduism.org/articles/24_the_development_of.htm, 1999

Bibliography (cont.)