Federal Scans and Transferability to Washington State

California MICM WorkshopLos Angeles, Dec. 5, 2007

Eric N.Schreffler (ESTC) and Craig Stone (WSDOT)

FHWA International Scanning Studies on Managing Travel Demand and Active Traffic

Management

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OVERVIEW

• Federal Congestion Management Process

• Managing Travel Demand Scan

• Active Traffic Management Scan

• Washington State ATM Feasibility Study

Managing Travel Demand and Active Traffic Management to Mitigate Congestion

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FEDERAL CONGESTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS

• Statewide Transportation Planning; Metropolitan Transportation Planning Final Rule

• USDOT, FHWA 23 CFR Parts 450 and 500 (2/14/07)

• Links Congestion Management System to planning process

• Emphasizes operational and management strategies

• Common performance measures and goals for CMP, LRTP and M&O

• CMP must be a “cooperatively developed and implemented metro-wide strategy” through the use of “travel demand management strategies”

• CMP should result in multi-modal system performance measures and strategies that can be reflected in the region-wide plan and TIP

FEDERAL CONGESTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS

• Statewide Transportation Planning; Metropolitan Transportation Planning Final Rule

• Demand management measures might include:

• Growth Management

• Congestion Management

• Public Transportation Improvements

• ITS Technologies

PRESENTATION PURPOSE

• Present broader view of managing travel demand and traffic

• Introduce European examples

• Provide wide array of techniques

• Underscore need for integration

• Show how one state is exploring options

Managing Travel Demand and Active Traffic Management to Mitigate Congestion

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International Scanning Studies:

2005 = Managing Travel Demand (MTD/TDM)2006 = Active Traffic Management (ATM)

• FHWA International, AASHTO, NCHRP• MTD Scan included: MTC, FHWA, Florida, Utah, Minnesota and New Jersey• Visited: Rome, Stockholm, Lund, Cologne,Rotterdam, Delft and London• FHWA sponsoring workshop series

MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND

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International Scanning Studies:

2005 = Managing Travel Demand (MTD/TDM)2006 = Active Traffic Management (ATM)

• ATM Scan included: FHWA, PSRC, Texas, Washington, Minnesota and Virginia• Visited: Athens, Copenhagen, Germany, Rotterdam, Utrecht, Birmingham and London

ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

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MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND

TO MITIGATE CONGESTION

MTD Scan

DEFINITION: What is Managing Travel Demand?

Managing travel demand is about providing travelers, regardless of whether they drive alone, with travel choices, such as work location, route, time of travel and mode. In the broadest sense, “demand management is defined as providing travelers with effective choices to improve travel reliability.” *

* FHWA, 2006

TRAVEL DEMAND STRATEGIES: Choices

Mode Choice Location Choice

- drive alone - telework

- car- and vanpool - Transit-oriented development

- shuttle buses - Location-efficient mortgages

- bike/walk - proximate commute

Time Choice Route Choice

- traveler info - traveler info

- travel time prediction - Active Traffic Mgmt

- event scheduling - HOV lanes

- flex-time/CWW - congestion pricing

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:Traffic vs. Travel Demand Management

Source: AVV and FHWA

FOUR CATEGORIES OF DEMAND STRATEGIES

1. OPERATIONAL

2. INFRASTRUCTURE

3. PRICING/FINANCIAL

4. INSTITUTIONAL/FACILITATION

FHWA, 2006

OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES

Improving the efficiency of the transport system by:

• Providing real-time, multi-modal information

• Predicting travel times

• Active traffic management

• Traffic management centers

• Parking management

• Photo enforcement

• Improved public transport

• Managing large-scale events and emergencies

• Highway reconstruction mitigation

Sources: ATAC, Schreffler, Hull, AVV

OPERATIONAL EXAMPLE: EUROPE

ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT on M42 – UK

• Use of hard shoulder

• Break-down areas

• Driver info panels

• Speed control

• Photo enforcement

• CCTV

Source: Highways Agency

INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIES

Providing advantages to sustainable choices with:

• HOV facilities

• Special use lanes

• Park-and-Ride facilities

• Access control (e.g., car-free zones)

Sources: Schreffler and Highways Agency

INFRASTRUCTURE EXAMPLE: EUROPE

SPECIAL LANES IN THE NETHERLANDS

• Rush hour lanes Use of hard shoulder running Peak period operations Good safety record

• Plus lanes Add extra narrow lane Reduced speed

• Reversible tidal-flow lane

• Exclusive bus and truck lanes

Rush hour lane

Plus laneBus lane

Sources: AVV and Hull

Plus laneTruck and bus lane

PRICING/FINANCIAL STRATEGIES

Trigger economic incentives and disincentives with:

• Cordon pricing in congested centers

• Other road pricing schemes (trucks)

• Revenue for improved transit

• Subsidies for using alternative modes

London

Stockholm

RomeGermany

Sources: Hull, stockholmsforsoket.se, ATAC, Schreffler

Germany

PRICING EXAMPLE: EUROPE

STOCKHOLM TRIAL

• Legislated 7-month pilot test

• Cordon around city center

• 18 charging points; photo of plates

• 10-20 SEK per crossing ($1.44 - $2.88)

• 16 new bus routes; 2,800 P-n-R spaces

• Goal = 10-15% reduction in traffic

• Result = 19% reduction in car traffic

• 4% increase in transit ridership

• Emissions reduced

• Referendum passed in city

Source: stockholmsforsoket.se

INSTITUTIONAL/FACILITATIVE STRATEGIES

New ways to institutionalize demand management into planning, management, and operations via:

• Partnerships

• Travel Planning

• Coordination

• New Policies

Source: AVV

INSTITUTIONAL EXAMPLE: EUROPE

HEATHROW AREA TRANSPORT FORUM

• Partnership of airport, towns and tenants

• Created Surface Access Strategy

• During planning of Heathrow Express

• Increased transit/carpool use (10% 19%)

• Decreased car use (78% 70%)

• Funded with parking surcharge

• Drive alone share decreased

• Transit and carpool share increased

• Consistent with “Smarter Choices”

Source: Alastair Duff and BAA

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

PERFORMANCE MONITORING

• Performance-based goals set

• Performance monitoring used to maximize efficiency

• Evaluation used to measure effectiveness in achieving objectives

PERFORMANCE GOALS

England’s Performance Monitoring Policy

Goal: make travel times more reliable

County divided into 98 key routes; determine 90% percentile of travel times for the system

Public Service Agreement: reduce travel time for the worst 10% of congested trips or potentially lose highway funds for these routes

One solution cited in HA Business Plan: manage demand (Integrated Demand Management - IDM)

Source: Highways Agency

THE KEY - INTEGRATION

Demand management should be integrated with:

• Long-range planning• Land development• Employer/school practices• Planning for operations• Traffic management• System operations• Performance measurement

Source: City of Lund and Trivector Traffic AB

INTEGRATION EXAMPLE

LUNDAMATS – Lund, Sweden

Integrated, sustainable transport plan:

1. Sustainable town planning

2. Priority to bicycles

3. Extended transit (BRT)

4. Reduce car traffic

5. Employer and community transport solutions

Hull

INTEGRATION EXAMPLE

LUNDAMATS – RESULTS

• Placed priority on sustainable travel

• Accommodated growth in travel without increasing car use

• Reduced VMT per capita in real terms

MTD LESSONS LEARNED

Lessons Learned from Europe

1. Transportation Management Thinking Is Evolving In Europe

2. Demand Management Differs From Traffic Management

3. Owners and Service Providers are Working Together

4. Demand Management Can Be Integrated Into Programs, Projects and Operations

5. Economic Growth and Traffic Management Can Co-Exist

Hull

MTD LESSONS LEARNED (con’t)

6. Road Pricing Proven Effective

7. Customized Travel Time Prediction Is Possible

8. Dynamic Signing Can Influence Safety and Operations

9. Pre-Trip and Near Trip Information Can Influence Congestion

10. Performance-based Evaluation Integrated Into Processes and Policies

U.S. has a lot of experience with managing demand, but not as good as integrating into planning, management and operations

Hull

DEFINITION: What is Sustainable Transport?

Sustainability is the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity.

Sustainable transport works to meet the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.